A Comparative study on the Fasting and Post Prandial Lipid Levels as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Excess abdominal fat ,assessed by measurement of waist to hip ratio, is independently associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. The high cardiovascular mortality which is associated with Type 2 DM is due to a prolonged, exaggerated, postprandial state. The abnormal lipid profile in the postprandial state is more significant than the abnormal lipid profile in the fasting state in causing atherosclerotic complications in Type 2 diabetes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the fasting and post prandial lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2. To assess the significance of post prandial dyslipidemia with respect to fasting dyslipidemia as cardiovascular risk factor in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 100 patients from General Medicine ward and Diabetology OPD of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, and 100 age and sex matched healthy subjects as controls during the period of March 2016 To August 2016. Subjects believed to fulfill all eligibility criteria ,and none of the exclusion criteria were included in the study. METHODOLOGY: A predesigned proforma was used to collect the demographic and clinical details of the patients and the controls. By Clinical examination abdominal obesity was measured by waist hip ratio WHR>.90 in men and WHR>.80 in women were taken as having significant cardiovascular risk. Laboratory investigations fasting Blood Sugar, 2hr Post Prandial Blood sugar, fasting lipid profile and 6 hr post prandial were done. Comparison of various parameters were done and significance assessed by Student t test. One way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Chi square test and P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: Among the 100 cases of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus,by taking value of WHR 0.90 for males and 0.8 for females, the cardiovascular risk was assessed. 96 had cardiovascular risk (50 male, 46 females). By comparing with the standard reference values of the lipid profile out of the 100 diabetic subjects 53 had fasting dyslipidemia (29 males, 24 females) and 64 had post prandial dyslipidemia (23 males, 41 females). We observed a significant increase in both fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose levels in the Type 2 Diabetic subjects, as compared to those of their respective controls. Also, the postprandial blood glucose level was significantly increased as compared to that in the fasting state in the Type 2 Diabetic subjects. But the HDL-cholesterol level was not significantly decreased in fasting as well as postprandial state in the Type 2 DM patients as compared to that of control subjectsin our study. CONCLUSION: Persistent postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may result in a proatherogenic environment leading to atherosclerosis and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes subjects 21. LDL oxidation in the postprandial state seems to be affected by an acute increase in glycemia. Thus, oxidative modification of LDL may contribute to higher CVD risk among diabetic patients, and elevated levels of TG may contribute to the rapid LDL oxidation seen in Type 2 DM. Hence, it is important and beneficial to estimate the postprandial lipid profile, in addition to the fasting lipid profile, in the cardiovascular risk assessment in the patients with Type 2 DM

Heat and mass transfer analysis of casson fluid flow on a permeable riga-plate

79-86Numerical analysis has been carried out for a casson fluid flow on a riga-plate with temperature dependent thermal conductivity. The physical model which governs the transport properties is solved numerically. This investigation emphasizes the consequence of variable thermal conductivity and electrically conducting magnetic field on the fluid flow. Rate of heat transfer is elevated, while the flow exposed to constructive case of variable thermal conductivity. The flow speed is enhanced for the improved values of modified Hartmann number. Correlation of the results with the similarity solutions declares the accuracy

Biofilm inhibitory potential of Oscillatoria tenuis against Candida albicans

Prokaryotic autotrophs have a key role in maintaining the sustainability of nature. Their secondary metabolites and stored chemicals have wide utility in human life. Cyanophytes, the primitive producers, can become a necessity of the modern world as they have enormous unexplored features. Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen having multidrug resistance, fallout health concerns in human and animal hosts. This study focused on the antibiofilm potential of Oscillatoria tenuis NTAPD 02, isolated from a hydrocarbon-polluted area against the hyphal switching of Candida albicans. Ethanolic extract of the algal sample, OEE, was taken to perform the biofilm quantification test and CLSM studies to determine the antibiofilm potential of Oscillatoria tenuis against Candida albicans. The MBIC for OEE was found to be 30 µg/mL against C. albicans and also shows a 70.8% reduction of fungal biofilm. The GC-MS and FTIR analysis illustrates the presence of potent phenolic hydrocarbons having an anti-proliferative effect. OEE was also found stress generative in C. elegans (500 µg/mL). The ROS generation in the worms intensified by increased concentration of OEE. The study proves that Oscillatoria tenuis, NTAPD 02, can be considered an anti-proliferative alga against C. albicans invasions

Analysis On Earthquake Imperviable To Buildings On Ground Work Surface

In this study, the performance of the building was calculated to expose the effect of concealment of walls and ceilings on the ground, where the roof of the building was assembled for the RCC building system in the G + 15 zone of M40 cast iron and Fe500 steel. . In thickness Part of the structure = 6 x 10 = 60 m, width = 6 x 5 = 30 m and height of C + 15 is 48 m above foundation level. The main conditions and depths of the selected head can be explained. You have. Under a height of 2 m under study in areas II, III, IV and V of ATEBSS 1893-2002, the ground control system includes a systematic review, a systematic review, and a historical review do. Bahn. The results are shown in the series of diagrams in the table

IOBR: Interoperable bee-hive routing in a heterogeneous multi-radio network

WiMAX and WiFi are the two proliferating wireless technologies with different physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. Today, WiFi radio is present in almost all the devices, and most of the devices are equipped with WiMAX radio. Both these technologies can be utilized, if the devices are equipped with both of them, to improve the performance. To cope up with the scenario, a method for routing in a heterogeneous infrastructure based mesh network is proposed. The heterogeneous network consists of a coordinator node and a subscriber node. In this paper, we assume that the coordinator nodes are equipped with both WiMAX and WiFi radios, whereas, the subscriber nodes need not have WiMAX radio. The protocol used for routing data is based on the bee-hive algorithm, in which the entire network is divided into foraging zones/regions. We propose a technique in which the intra-foraging zone communication happens through WiFi and the nodes across the foraging zone communicate via the coordinator using WiMAX. It is observed through simulations that our technique improves the overall network performance by making use of both the radios efficiently

Agro-morphological Diversity of High Altitude Bean Landraces in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of Nepal

Many varieties of bean are widely grown across diverse agro-ecological zones in Nepal. And opportunities exist for improving the crops and enhancing their resilience to various biotic and abiotic stressors. In this context, an experiment was conducted from June to October 2016 in Khar VDC of Darchula district to study the phenotypic traits of nine landraces of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The bean landraces were planted using randomized complete block design in three sites (Dhamidera, Dallekh and Sundamunda villages), with three replications in each site for their comparative analysis. The study considered the following phenotypic traits: days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% pod maturity, number of nodes, pod length, pod width, number of pods, number of seeds per pod and weight and grain yield for 100 seeds. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the landraces both within and among locations. KA-17-08-FB and KA-17-04-FB were late &nbsp;flowering (63 and 65 days respectively) compared to other landraces whereas KA-17-07-FB flowered earliest (within 42 days). In all three sites, three landraces namely KA-17-07-FB, KA-17-04-FB and KA-17-06-FB were found to be relatively more resistant to pest and diseases than other landraces. Eight out of nine landraces in Dhamidera and Dallekh villages and seven out of nine in Sundamunda village produced seeds greater than 1.0 t/ha. Among the nine varieties KA-17-02-FB was the highest yielding variety, with an average yield of 3.8 t/ha. This study is useful for identifying suitable landraces for future promotion based on their maturity, grain yield, diseases resistance and other qualitative and quantitative characteristics

Forecasting Stock Time-Series using Data Approximation and Pattern Sequence Similarity

Time series analysis is the process of building a model using statistical techniques to represent characteristics of time series data. Processing and forecasting huge time series data is a challenging task. This paper presents Approximation and Prediction of Stock Time-series data (APST), which is a two step approach to predict the direction of change of stock price indices. First, performs data approximation by using the technique called Multilevel Segment Mean (MSM). In second phase, prediction is performed for the approximated data using Euclidian distance and Nearest-Neighbour technique. The computational cost of data approximation is O(n ni) and computational cost of prediction task is O(m |NN|). Thus, the accuracy and the time required for prediction in the proposed method is comparatively efficient than the existing Label Based Forecasting (LBF) method [1].Comment: 11 page

IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

Health monitoring is a major issue in today’s world. Due to the lack of health monitoring, patientssuffer from serious health problems. Health experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keepan eye on their projects. Here in this project, we will make an IOT based health monitoring system whichrecords the patient heartbeat rate, body temperature and skin pressure. Heartbeat rate, body temperatureand skin pressure values are recorded over thingspeak and Google sheets so that patient health can bemonitored from anywhere in the world over the internet. We will use Thinspeak to monitor patient heartbeat,temperature and skin pressure online using internet. We will also use IFTTT platform to connect thingspeakto SMS so that alert message can be sent whenever the patient is in critical state

Novel bHLH and WD40 transcription factors from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as putative regulators of curcumin biosynthesis

Turmeric, the golden spice belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is enriched with biologically active curcuminoids composed of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids are phenylpropanoid derivatives, and the biosynthetic pathway is controlled by several transcription factors (TFs). bHLH, WD40 and MYB TFs are the most important TFs regulating phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. Through comparative transcriptome analysis of high and low curcumin germplasm accessions, 20 TFs belonging to the classes bHLH, WD 40, NAC, WRKY and bZIP, which showed differential expression with respect to curcumin, were identified. Among these, two bHLH and one WD40 TFs showed maximum comparative fold change and negative correlation vis-a-vis curcumin content in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results of comparative transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses were in congruence, indicating their putative role as negative regulators