Constructing three emotion knowledge tests from the invariant measurement approach

Background. Psychological constructionist models like the Conceptual Act Theory (CAT) postulate that complex states such as emotions are composed of basic psychological ingredients that are more clearly respected by the brain than basic emotions. The objective of this study was the construction and initial validation of Emotion Knowledge measures from the CAT frame by means of an invariant measurement approach, the Rasch Model (RM). Psychological distance theory was used to inform item generation. Methods. Three EK testsemotion vocabulary (EV), close emotional situations (CES) and far emotional situations (FES)were constructed and tested with the RM in a community sample of 100 females and 100 males (age range: 18-65), both separately and conjointly. Results. It was corroborated that data-RM fit was sufficient. Then, the effect of type of test and emotion on Rasch-modelled item difficulty was tested. Significant effects of emotion on EK item difficulty were found, but the only statistically significant difference was that between "happiness" and the remaining emotions; neither type of test, nor interaction effects on EK item difficulty were statistically significant. The testing of gender differences was carried out after corroborating that differential item functioning (DIF) would not be a plausible alternative hypothesis for the results. No statistically significant sex-related differences were found out in EV, CES, FES, or total EK. However, the sign of d indicate that female participants were consistently better than male ones, a result that will be of interest for future meta-analyses. Discussion. The three EK tests are ready to be used as components of a higher-level measurement process.Fil: Delgado, Ana R.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Prieto, Gerardo. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Burin, Debora Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentin

Effects of potential models on nitrogen adsorption on triangular pore: An improved mixed model for energetic characterization of activated carbon

Studies of the importance of shape considering both adsorption molecule and pore geometry were performed by Monte Carlo simulation in grand canonical ensemble (GCMC) for activated carbons (AC). The effects on adsorption capacity and isosteric heat were investigated in different pore sizes using a pseudo-sphere model and a multi-site potential (elongated shape) on triangular-shaped pore. The triangular geometry was considered as a need to allow for the simultaneous interaction of an adsorbed molecule with three graphite walls to account for the high values observed in the isosteric heat of adsorption at low pressures. Kernels of adsorption isotherms were generated by GCMC for different pore sizes considering two potential models for the determination of pore size distribution that allows for the characterization of various micro and mesoporous solids. We propose using a mixed geometry model (slit-triangular) and an elongated molecule potential to characterize activated carbons. The model is used to characterize a family of AC samples both texturally and energetically. The isosteric heat of adsorption was determined from the experimental isotherm by Monte Carlo simulation and the results were contrasted with experimental data obtaining a good agreement. In addition, the work reports the interesting result on the need to use multi-atom potential (together with the mixed model) to predict heat of adsorption values of the order of those reported experimentally.Fil: Delgado Mons, Rodrigo Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Cornette, Valeria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Toso, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Soares Maia, Debora Aline. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: López, Raúl Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentin

Educação em saúde: efetividade de uma capacitação para equipe do ensino infantil sobre a obstrução de vias aéreas por corpo estranho

A falta de conhecimento sobre a atuação de urgência e emergência pode causar condutas inapropriadas e manipulação incorreta da vítima. O suporte básico de vida nas escolas é extremamente importante para reduzir danos mais graves devido à manipulação incorreta e incapacidade de prestar atendimento imediato. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade de uma capacitação para professores e equipe do ensino infantil no reconhecimento da obstrução de vias aéreas (engasgo) e aplicação das manobras para sua desobstrução. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido em duas escolas públicas municipais do interior de São Paulo que oferecem ensino infantil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um único momento com a aplicação de um questionário, a capacitação e a aplicação do questionário pós-capacitação aos professores e equipe das escolas em estudo. Os resultados apontam uma melhora do conhecimento sobre a identificação do engasgo e da utilização das manobras para desobstrução de vias aéreas. Destaca-se a necessidade de capacitações e um olhar com valor educacional onde profissionais envolvidos na escola possam ser cuidadores de forma integral da saúde além da educação dessas crianças

Biodiesel production by in situ transesterification of Jatropha Curcas L. seeds

The main disadvantage of using biodiesel is its price, which is due to high costs of raw material and oil conditioning to obtain biodiesel by conventional transesterification, which prevents it from competing with fossil fuels. An alternative method was investigated to obtain biodiesel by in-situ transesterification or reactive extraction (RE) from Jatropha Curcas L. seeds. This alternative process seeks to reduce stages in the production process, and thus, reduce operational costs with respect to the conventional method. The influence of temperature, catalyst mass concentration (g NaOH/g oil), and methanol to oil molar ratio, in order to maximize yield and FAME concentration of biodiesel obtained, was determined through a central composite design (DCC) with response surface methodology. The most appropriate conditions to obtain biodiesel by in-situ transesterification occur at 44°C, with a mass concentration of catalyst 1,2 g NaOH/100 g oil, and with a methanol to molar ratio of 135:1 with the presence of hexane, keeping constant stirring speed (635 rpm) and reaction time (3h). In these conditions, a yield of 71,99% w/w (g biodiesel/g oil) and a FAME content of 90,36% w/w (g FAME/g biodiesel) were reached. The results of this study provide an alternative process for obtaining biodiesel without the need of extraction and pretreatment stages employed in the traditional method, in addition to reducing excess washes in the conventional process, which increase process costs and environmental impact.Una desventaja del uso de biodiésel es su precio, debido a los altos costos de la materia prima y al acondicionamiento del aceite requerido para obtenerlo por medio de una transesterificación tradicional, lo que le impide alcanzar precios más accesibles y dificulta su competitividad con el diésel de petróleo. Por esta razón, se investigó una alternativa para la obtención de biodiésel mediante transesterificación in situ o extracción reactiva (ER) a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L. Con esta alternativa en auge, que no compite con el mercado alimenticio, se busca reducir etapas en el proceso de producción y así disminuir costos de operación respecto al método y aceites convencionales. Se determinó la influencia de la temperatura, concentración másica de catalizador (g NaOH/g aceite) y relación molar metanol:aceite, con el fin de maximizar el rendimiento y la concentración de FAME del biodiésel obtenido, mediante un diseño experimental central compuesto (DCC) con método de superficie de respuesta. Se encontró que las condiciones más apropiadas para la obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ fueron una temperatura de reacción de 44 °C, con una concentración másica de catalizador respecto al aceite de 1,2 g NaOH/100 g aceite y una relación molar metanol:aceite de 135:1, con presencia de hexano, manteniendo constantes la velocidad de agitación (635 rpm) y el tiempo de reacción (3 h). En estas condiciones, se alcanza un rendimiento de 71,99 % p/p (g biodiésel/g aceite) y un contenido de FAME del 90,36 % p/p (g FAME/g biodiésel). Los resultados de este estudio establecen las bases para una alternativa al proceso tradicional que no necesita las etapas de extracción y pretratamiento de los aceites utilizados como materia prima, además de disminuir los lavados necesarios en el proceso convencional, que incrementan los costos de dicho proceso industrial e impactan en el medioambiente

Radio‐cephalic fistula recovered with drainage to median basilic vein by straightening of the forearm cephalic vein: A case report

The distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has less complications and better patency than the proximal fistula, when it works properly. The complications of outflow of the fistula are complex, and it is necessary to analyze all solutions to solve the problem. We introduce a novel approach to solve outflow problems of a radio-cephalic AVF by straightening of the forearm cephalic vein with drainage into the median basilic vein.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Radio‐cephalic fistula recovered with drainage to median basilic vein by straightening of the forearm cephalic vein: A case report

The distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has less complications and better patency than the proximal fistula, when it works properly. The complications of outflow of the fistula are complex, and it is necessary to analyze all solutions to solve the problem. We introduce a novel approach to solve outflow problems of a radio-cephalic AVF by straightening of the forearm cephalic vein with drainage into the median basilic vein.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Treatments and outcomes among patients with Sydenham chorea

Importance: Sydenham chorea is the most common acquired chorea of childhood worldwide; however, treatment is limited by a lack of high-quality evidence. Objectives: To evaluate historical changes in the clinical characteristics of Sydenham chorea and identify clinical and treatment factors at disease onset associated with chorea duration, relapsing disease course, and functional outcome. Data Sources: The systematic search for this meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases and registers of clinical trials from inception to November 1, 2022 (search terms: [Sydenham OR Sydenham’s OR rheumatic OR minor] AND chorea). Study Selection: Published articles that included patients with a final diagnosis of Sydenham chorea (in selected languages). Data Extraction and Synthesis: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Individual patient data on clinical characteristics, treatments, chorea duration, relapse, and final outcome were extracted. Data from patients in the modern era (1945 through 2022) were entered into multivariable models and stratified by corticosteroid duration for survival analysis of chorea duration. Main Outcomes and Measures: The planned study outcomes were chorea duration at onset, monophasic course (absence of relapse after ≥24 months), and functional outcome (poor: modified Rankin Scale score 2-6 or persisting chorea, psychiatric, or behavioral symptoms at final follow-up after ≥6 months; good: modified Rankin Scale score 0-1 and no chorea, psychiatric, or behavioral symptoms at final follow-up). Results: In total, 1479 patients were included (from 307 articles), 1325 since 1945 (median [IQR] age at onset, 10 [8-13] years; 875 of 1272 female [68.8%]). Immunotherapy was associated with shorter chorea duration (hazard ratio for chorea resolution, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.05-2.19]; P = .03). The median chorea duration in patients receiving 1 or more months of corticosteroids was 1.2 months (95% CI, 1.2-2.0) vs 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.0-3.0) for patients receiving none (P = .004). Treatment factors associated with monophasic disease course were antibiotics (odds ratio [OR] for relapse, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.09-0.85]; P = .02), corticosteroids (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.15-0.67]; P = .003), and sodium valproate (OR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.15-0.71]; P = .004). Patients receiving at least 1 month of corticosteroids had significantly lower odds of relapsing course (OR, 0.10 [95% CI, 0.04-0.25]; P < .001). No treatment factor was associated with good functional outcome. Conclusions and Relevance: In this meta-analysis of treatments and outcomes in patients with Sydenham chorea, immunotherapy, in particular corticosteroid treatment, was associated with faster resolution of chorea. Antibiotics, corticosteroids and sodium valproate were associated with a monophasic disease course. This synthesis of retrospective data should support the development of evidence-based treatment guidelines for patients with Sydenham chorea

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: Relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis