دور المؤسسات التربوية في مواجهة العنف المدرسي في الجزائر -دراسة ميدانية بثانويات مدينة بسكرة-

: تهدف دراستنا هذه إلى معرفة دور المؤسسات التربوية في الحد من ظاهرة العنف المدرسي في الجزائر، من خلال التعرف على مدى أداء كل فاعل من الفاعلين التربويين دوره المنوط به داخلها . بدءا بمساهمة الأستاذ في مواجهة السلوكيات العدوانية لدى التلاميذ .وكذا مساهمة مستشار التربية في رصد أشكال ومظاهر العنف التي يقوم بها التلاميذ.وكذا التعرف على مدى مساهمة مستشار التوجيه في التخفيف من السلوكيات العنيفة لدى التلاميذ .وأخيرا معرفة مدى مساهمة البرامج والأنشطة المدرسية في مواجهة السلوكيات العنيفة لدى التلاميذ.وتهدف أيضا إلى التعرف على مدى مساهمة التكامل بين أعضاء الإدارة المدرسية وأولياء التلاميذ في الحد من السلوكيات العنيفة. ولقد تمحورت إشكالية دراستنا هذه حول التساؤل الرئيسي التالي:فيما يتمثل دور المؤسسات التربوية في مواجهة ظاهرة العنف المدرسي في الجزائر؟ والذي تمت الإجابة عنه من خلال استمارة بحث وجهت لــتلاميذ، تم تدعيمها ببعض المقابلات وجهت لبعض الأساتذة مساعدي التربية،مديري المؤسسات وكذا مستشاري التربية،أما عينة الدراسة فتكونت من 300 تلميذ من تلاميذ ثانويات مدينة بسكرة، وتم الإعتماد على المنهج الوصفي ، الذي يمكن من دراسة الظاهرة محل الدراسة وتحليل البيانات والنتائج . وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتيجة عامة مفادها أن للمؤسسات التربوية دور في مواجهة العنف المدرسي ، وذلك من خلال قيام كل فاعل تربوي بدوره الفعال والمنوط به على أكمل وجه كما يلي: من مساهمة الأستاذ في معالجة السلوكيات العدوانية لدى التلاميذ ،عمل مستشار التربية في رصد أشكال ومظاهر العنف التي يقوم بها التلاميذ، وكذا سعي مستشار التوجيه في التخفيف من السلوكيات العنيفة لدى التلاميذ من خلال تركيزه على عمليتي النصح والإرشاد، وأيضا مساهمة البرامج والأنشطة المدرسية الأنشطة الثقافية ،الرياضية ،المسابقات الفكرية ،الرحلات المدرسية وكذا تجسيد ثقافة التسامح واللاعنف في المناهج الدراسية . ومن خلال مساهمة تكامل بين أعضاء الإدارة المدرسية وأولياء التلاميذ في الحد من السلوكيات العنيفة

Bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. isolated from Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco

This study reports the chemical investigation and cytotoxic activity of the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. isolated from Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco. This plant was collected from the Beni-Mellal Mountain in Morocco and belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is named in Morocco 'Salmia'. The endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. was isolated from the tissues of the stem of this plant. The fungal strain was identified by PCR. The crude organic extract of the fungal strain was proven to be active when tested for cytotoxicity against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites showed that cochliodinol is the main component beside isocochliodinol. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of NMR analysis (1H, 13C, COSY and HMBC) as well as by mass spectrometry using ESI (Electron Spray Ionisation) as source

Marine bacterial inhibitors from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp

Chromatographic separation of a crude extract obtained from the fungus Aspergillus sp., isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Tethya aurantium, yielded a new tryptophan derived alkaloid, 34(1-hydroxy-3-(2methylbut-3-en-2-y1)-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,41diazepine-2, 5-dione (1), and a new meroterpenoid, austalide R (2), together with three known compounds (3-5). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive one and twodimensional NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HMBC, and ROESY) and mass spectral analysis. Interestingly, the compounds exhibited antibacterial activity when tested against a panel of marine bacteria, with 1 selectively inhibiting Vibrio species and 2 showing a broad spectrum of activity. In contrast, no significant activity was observed against terrestrial bacterial strains and the murine cancer cell line L5178Y. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Chemistry, OrganicSCI(E)[email protected]

Bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. isolated from Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco

This study reports the chemical investigation and cytotoxic activity of the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. isolated from Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco. This plant was collected from the Beni-Mellal Mountain in Morocco and belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is named in Morocco “Salmia”. The endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. was isolated from the tissues of the stem of this plant. The fungal strain was identified by PCR. The crude organic extract of the fungal strain was proven to be active when tested for cytotoxicity against L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites showed that cochliodinol is the main component beside isocochliodinol. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of NMR analysis (1H, 13C, COSY and HMBC) as well as by mass spectrometry using ESI (Electron Spray Ionisation) as source

New Natural Product from Botryosphaeria australis, an Endophyte from Mangrove Avicennia marina

Chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria australis isolated from Avicennia marina originally from Hainan Province, P.R. China, yielded a new compound botryosphaenin (1), from the class of napthoquinone, together with 5 known compounds, botryosterpene (2) and 5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (3) and its derivatives, 6-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (4), O-methylaspmenone (5), O-methylasparvenone (6) and 5-(carboxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylene decahydron aphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (7). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY) NMR experiments and by mass spectroscopic measurements The new compounds, 1 showed activity against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, several Streptococcus species and Bacillus subtilis, but also against the eukaryotic cell lines THP-1 (human leukemia monocyte) and BALB/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast)

Three Bianthraquinone Derivatives from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp. ZJ9-6B from the South China Sea

Three new bianthraquinone derivatives, alterporriol K (1), L (2) and M (3), along with six known compounds were obtained from extracts of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. ZJ9-6B, isolated from the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, MS data analysis and circular dichroism measurements. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were first isolated alterporriols with a C-2–C-2′ linkage. The crystallographic data of tetrahydroaltersolanol B (7) was reported for the first time. In the primary bioassays, alterporriol K and L exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity towards MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 13.1 to 29.1 μM

New Austalides from the Sponge-Associated Fungus Aspergillus sp.

KAK

Detection of Bioactive Exometabolites Produced by the Filamentous Marine Cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp.

Marine cyanobacteria are noted for their ability to excrete metabolites with biotic properties. This paper focuses on such exometabolites obtained from the culture of the marine filamentous cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. strain, their purification and subsequent analyses. By this means the recoveries of the active compounds, a prerequisite for properly determining their concentration, are quantified here for the first time. We demonstrate a new procedure using Amberlite XAD-1180 resin in combination with the eluent isopropanol for extraction of the culture media and gas chromatography as simplified chemical analysis. This procedure reduced necessary bacteria cultivation time (from 150 to 21 days) at low volumes of culture media (300 mL) required for identification of two selected bioactive compounds: 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and harmane

Good Computational Practice in the Assignment of Absolute Configurations by TDDFT Calculations of ECD Spectra

Quantum-mechanical calculations of chiroptical properties have rapidly become the most popular method for assigning absolute configurations (AC) of organic compounds, including natural products. Black-box time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra are nowadays readily accessible to nonexperts. However, an uncritical attitude may easily deliver a wrong answer. We present to the Chirality Forum a discussion on what can be called good computational practice in running TDDFT ECD calculations, highlighting the most crucial points with several examples from the recent literature