NR 44. Effect of the supplementation with different mineral sources on the body development of crossbred lambs

A trial was carried out in order to determine the effect of different mineral sources on the daily (GDP) and total (GTP) weight gain, increment of the thorax girth (ITPT) and the increment of withers height (ITAC) of crossbred lambs. The treatments evaluated, during 95 d, were: T0: hay ad libitum + 135 g of supplement/d (corn gluten meal: 80.4 %; soybean meal: 17.6 %; urea: 2 %); T1: hay ad libitum + 125 g of supplement/d (poultry litter:80 %; cane molasses: 20 %); T2: T0 + 5 g of dicalcium phosphate and T3: T0 + 7 g of commercial mineral mixture. Twenty lambs (5 lambs/treatment) of 11 kg liveweigt and 4 months of age were used, in a randomized design. Values for T0, T1, T2 & T3 were: GDP (P<.01): 51.0, 84.1, 78.8 & 80.6 g; GTP (P < .01): 4.83, 7.99, 7.48 & 7.66 kg; IPT (P<.01): 2.26, 6.05, 4.65 & 5.05 cm and IPT: 2.89, 5.21, 4.19 & 5.36 cm, respectively. The overall productive performance of the animals consuming any of the mineral supplements was significantly better than the control group. There was no diference among the different sources

NR 45. Effect of the supplementation with different mineral sources on the macromineral (Ca, P & Mg) concentration in blood serum and bone ribs of crossbred lambs

A trial was carried out in order to determine the effect of different mineral sources on the concentration of Ca (CSCa), P (CSP) & Mg (CSMg) in blood serum and Ca (CHCa), P (CHP) and Mg (CHMg) in bone ribs of crossbred lambs. The treatments evaluated during 105 d, were: T0: hay ad libitum + 135 g of supplement (corn gluten meal: 80.4 %, soybean meal: 17.6 % & urea: 2 %); T1: hay ad libitum + 125 g of supplement (poultry litter: 80 % & molasses cane: 20 %), T2: T0 + 5 g of dicalcium phosphate and T3: T0 + 7 g of commercial mineral mixture. Twenty lambs (5 lambs/treatment) of 11 kg liveweight and 4 months of age were used in a randomized design. The concentration of minerals in blood serum for T0, T1, T2 & T3 were: CSCa (P<.05): 10.7, 10.9, 11.8 & 11.6 mg Ca/100 mL respectively; CSP (P<.05): 6.10, 7.87, 8.31 & 7.94 mg P/100 mL respectively; CSMg (P<.05): 1.65, 1.79, 1.79 & 2.17 mg mg/100 mL respectively . The mineral concentrations in bone ribs for T0, T1, T2 & T3 were: CHCa (P<.01): 25.2, 28.0, 31.2 & 28.8 % respectively; CHP (P<.01): 11.5, 12.9, 14.2 & 12.9 % respectively; CHMg (P<.01): 0.51, 0.70, 0.73 & 0.81 respectively. The overall concentration of macrominerals both in blood serum and bone ribs of the animals consuming any of the mineral supplements was significantly better than the control group

Use of Plectranthus amboinicus in chickens and its effect on productive and economic parameters

This research was carried out at the Santa Inés Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro Province, Ecuador. The aim was to evaluate the effect of Plectranthus amboinicus, commonly called oreganon, on the productive and economic parameters of Cobb 500 broilers. For the well–being of the birds, the management established for open house systems in the area was used. A Completely randomized design was applied, where 6 treatments were used, each with 4 Experimental Units of 10 birds, for a total of 240 chickens evaluated. The treatments arrangement was: T1 or control which was based on a commercial type basal diet, while, to the balanced diets of treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, the dehydrated–ground leaf of P. amboinicus was added at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%, respectively, in replacement of the Growth Promoter Antibiotic (GPA); the T6 or blank, which did not contain GPA and dehydrated P. amboinicus in the balanced mixture. The variables evaluated were live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), accumulated water consumption (AWC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality (M), productive efficiency factor (PEF), kg of standing meat per m2, economic expenses and cost per kg of standing meat. For all the variables, an ANOVA was used, previous assumptions of normality and homogeneity, and to discriminate between the means, Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) procedure was used, with a confidence level of 95%. All data were analyzed using the PROC GLM (General Linear Model) procedure of the SAS statistical package. The results showed that oreganón could works as a replacement alternative to the GPA in broilers, without harming the productive and economic parameters

Growth response and mineral blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium in crossbred steers (Taurus-Indicus) with complete mineral supplementation

16 novillos mestizos fueron utilizados para evaluar el efecto de un suplemento mineral completo (SMC) sobre la ganancia diaria (GDP) y total de peso (GTP), concentraciones sanguíneas de Ca, P, Mg, K, hemoglobina (Hb) y porcentaje de hematocrito (Htc). Los animales se estabularon durante 140 días y distribuidos en 4 tratamientos: T1, suplemento basal (63% de maíz amarillo molido, 30% de harina de soya, 5% de melaza de caña y 3% de urea) + heno; T2, suplemento basal (SB) + heno + 50 g/animal/día de SMC; T3, dieta basal + heno + 100 g/animal/día de SMC; T4, SB + heno + 150 g/animal/día de SMC. Cada 14 días fueron pesados los animal y se tomaron muestras sanguíneas al inicio, a los 60 días y al final para determinar Ca, Mg, P, K, hemoglobina (Hb) y el Hematocrito (Hct). Los datos se analizaron por el procedimiento GLM del SAS. La GDP refirió valores superiores (P<0,05) para los tratamientos; 2, 3 y 4 (0,739; 0,778 y 0,759 kg/día respectivamente) vs. el tratamiento 1(0,626 kg/día), similarmente se manifestó la GTP (T2: 81,33; T3: 85,67 y T4: 83,58 kg, vs. T1: 68,87 kg). El Ca, Mg y K sanguíneos para T2, T3 y T4 (11,47; 10,80 y 11,08 mg Ca/dl respectivamente: 2,81; 2,89 y 2,84 mg Mg/dl, respectivamente: 23,68, 21,93 y 25,83 mg K/dl respectivamente) superan (P<0,1) a T1 (9,4 mg Ca/dl: 2,23 mg Mg/dl y 19,92 mg K/dl). Los valores sanguíneos de fósforo para T3 y T4 (5,94 y 6,02 mg/dl respectivamente) son superiores (P<0,1) a T1 y T2 (5,24 y 5,54 mg/dl respectivamente). No existen diferencias estadísticas para Hb y Hct. De acuerdo a los resultados de esta investigación, el SMC en dosis de 50 y 100 g/animal/día fue efectivo en promover una adecuada tasa de crecimiento.221 - [email protected] crossbred beef steers were used to determine the effect of a mineral supplement (SMC) on the daily gain (GDP) and the total weight gain (GTP). Blood levels of Ca, P, Mg, K, hemoglobine (Hb) and hematocrite (Htc) were also determined. The animals were kept in feed lots for 140 days and randomly distributed into one of four treatment groups: T1; Basal supplementation (63% corn meal, 30% soybean meal, 5% molasses cane and 3% urea) + hay: T2; Basal supplementation (SB) + hay + 50 g/animal/day of SMC: T3; SB + hay +100 g/animal/day of SMC: T4; SB + hay + 150 g/animal/day of SMC. Blood samples were take every 14 days. Data was analyzed using of GLM procedure of SAS. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 reached greater values (P<0.05) for GDP and GTP (0.739; 0.778 and 0.759 kgs/day and 81.33; 85.67 and 83.58 kgs respectively) compared to treatment 1 (0.626 kgs/days and 68.87 kgs, respectively). Blood levels for Ca (11.47; 10.80 and 11.08 mg/dl respectively), Mg (2.81; 2.89 and 2.84 mg/dl respectively) and K (23.68; 21.93 and 25.83 mg/dl respectively) in treatments 2, 3 and 4 were higher (P<0.1) than those for treatment 1 (9.4 Ca mg/dl; 2.22 Mg mg/dl and 19.92 K mg/dl). Blood levels of P for treatments 3 (5.94 mg/dl) and 4 (6.02 mg/dl) were higher (P<0.1) than those measured in treatments 1 (5.24 mg/dl) and 2 (5.54 mg/dl). No statistical differences were evident for Hb and Hct. Results of the present study indicate that the SMC in doses of 50 and 100 gr./animal/day an effective growth promoter

Growing, levels of calcium, phosphorus and patterns of circulating progesterone in prepubertal crossbred West African ewe lambs supplementated with three minerals sources

Los forrajes en el trópico presentan una marcada deficiencia de minerales, los cuales son importantes para el eficaz crecimiento y buen estado de salud de los animales, Para evaluar efecto de la suplementación mineral sobre el crecimiento, niveles minerales séricos y valores de progesterona sérica se utilizaron 23 corderas mestizas West African a las cuales se suplementaron diariamente con cuatro raciones experimentales (TO): heno de Brachiaria humidicola a voluntad + 135 g/animal de suplemento con 80,4% de harina de maíz, 17,6% de harina de soja y 2,0% de urea; (T1): heno a voluntad + 125 g/animal de suplemento con 80% de yacija y 20% de melaza; (T2): TO + 5 g/animal de fosfato dicálcico y (T3): TO + 7 g/animal de mezcla mineral comercial completa. Se observó su efecto sobre el peso final (PF), ganancia diaria de peso vivo (GDP), concentración sérica de calcio (CSCA), fósforo (CSF), magnesio (CSMG) y progesterona. El ensayo fue realizado en el Centro Experimental de Producción Animal de la Universidad del Zulia, el cual está enmarcado dentro de un bosque muy seco tropical venezolano. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis ce varianza-covarianza del paquete estadístico SAS. Los valores de PF y GDP reportan diferencias significativas (P<0,05) a favor de las corderas del T3 (PF = 15,53 kg, GDP = 42,14 g) en comparación con TO (PF = 13,77 kg, GDP = 21,33 g) y T1 (PF = 14,38 kg, GDP = 28,57 g), no encontrando diferencias con T2 (PF = 14,89 kg, GDP =34,52 g). La CSCA (TO = 8,73; T1 = 12,55; T2 = 15,23 y T3 = 14,80 mg/100 ml de suero) y CSMG (TO = 0,90. T1 = 1,77. T2 = 2,32 y T 3= 3,30 mg/100 ml de suero) fueron superiores en los corderas suplementados con mineral, encontrándose diferencias significativas (P<0,05) entre todos los tratamientos para la CSMG y sólo mostró desventajas el TO para la CSCA, mientras que en las CSF (TO = 4,34; T1 = 5,71; T2 = 7,21 y T3 = 6,37 mg/100 ml de suero) no se encontró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (P>0,05). Ninguna de las hembras evaluadas presentó ciclicidad ovárica durante el ensayo y no excedían de 240 días de edad y 16 kg de peso vivo. En el trópico, es necesario suplementar con una mezcla mineral completa a las corderas prepúberes con el fin de obtener tasas de crecimiento eficiente y valores adecuados de calcio, fósforo y magnesio en sangre que ayuden a regular las funciones orgánicas, mantener la homeostasis corporal y disminuir la edad a la pubertad.205 - [email protected] tropical forages have a mineral deficiency causing retraced growth and poor state of health of the animals. In order to evaluate the effect of the mineral supplementation on the growth, serum blood mineral levels and values of circulating progesterone, 23 crossbred West African ewe lambs were sup supplemented daily with four experimental ration, T0: ad libitum hay of Brachiaria humidicola (BH) + 135 g/animal of supplement with 80.4% of corn gluten meal; 17.6% of soybean meal and 2.0% of urea. T1: ad libitum hay of BH + 125 g/animal of supplement with 80% of poultry litter and 20% of cane molasses. T2: T0 + 5 g/animal/day of dicalcium phosphate and T3: T0 + 7 g/animal/day of complete commercial mineral mixture. Theirs effects were observed on the final live weight (FLW), live weight gain (LWG), serum blood concentration of calcium (SCC), phosphorus (SPC), magnesium (SMC) and levels of circulating progesterone. The study carry out in the experimental farm on Animal Production of the University of Zulia State, Venezuela, characterized as a very dry tropical forest. The data were analyzed by means of variance-covariance procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS). The values of FLW and LWG report significant difference (P<0.05) in favor of the ewe lambs of T3 (FLW=15.53 kg LWG = 42,14 g/d) in comparison with T0 (FLW= 13.77 kg LWG= 21.33 g/d) and T1 (FLW 14.38 kg LWG 28.57 g/d) not reporting differences with T2 (FLW= 14.89 kg LWG= 34.52 g/d). The SCC (T0=8.73; T1= 12.55; T2= 15.23 and T3= 3.30 mg/10O milliliters of serum) and SMC (T0= 0.90, T1= 1.77; T2=2.32 and T3= 3.30 mg/100 milliliters of serum) were superior in the supplemented ewe lambs with significant differences (P<0.05) between all the treatment for SMC and only TO showed disadvantages in the SCC, whereas the SPC (T0= 4.34; T1= 5.71, T2= 7.21 and T3= 6.37 mg/100 milliliters of serum) was not different between the treatments (P>0.05). None from the evaluated ewe Iambs showed ovarian cyclical activity during this study. In the tropic, it is necessary lo supplement with a complete mineral mixture to ewe lambs with the purpose of obtaining rates of efficient growth and suitable values of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration in blood serum that help to regulate the organic function and to maintain the corporal homeostasis

Effect of supplementation with three mineral sources on the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium balance in lambs

Dieciséis (16) corderos mestizos West-African de 15 kg de peso corporal promedio, se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos para evaluar la Absorción Aparente (AA), Absorción Verdadera (AV) y Retención Neta (RN) de calcio (Ca), fósforo (P) y magnesio (Mg) presentes en las Excretas de Pollos de Engorde (EPE), Fosfato Dicálcico Comercial (FDC) y Mezcla Mineral Completa ;MMC). Los ovinos fueron mantenidos individualmente en jaulas metabólicas y asignados aleatoriamente a los tratamientos evaluados: T1: 130 g/animal/día de suplemento 1 (SP1) elaborado con: 80% de EPE y 20% de melaza + heno de Brachiaria humidicola a voluntad (HB); T2: 200 g/animal/día de un suplemento 2 (SP2) elaborado con 80,4% de harina de maíz, 17,6% de harina de Soya y 2% de urea + HB + FDC y T3; 200 g/animal/día de SP2 + HB + MMC. Durante 7 días se recolectaron muestras de las raciones experimentales (heno + suplemento + fuente mineral), heces, y orina. El Ca y el Mg fueron determinados por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y el P por colorimetría. La AA y AV del Ca y P en los tratamientos T1 (Ca: 45,45; 52,00% y P: 46,19; 50,00%), T2 (Ca: 47,07; 54,00% y P: 48,26; 55,21%) y T3 (Ca: 48,26; 55,21% y P: 47,74; 51,19%) no presentaron diferencias significativas. Para la RN de Ca no se detectaron diferencias entre tratamientos. Para la AA, AV y RN del Mg, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (P<0,01) a favor de T1 (58,45, 64,85 y 37,20%, respectivamente) y T3 (60,04; 66,26 y 38,85% respectivamente), cuando fueron comparados con T2 (41,80; 48,78 y 14,69% respectivamente). Los altos porcentajes de AA y AV del Ca y P presentes en EPE, FDC y MMC, sugiere a estas fuentes como alternativas viables para el acorte adecuado de estos dos minerales.291 - [email protected] (16) crossbred West african lambs, 15 kg body weight average, were randomly distributed into three groups, in order to evaluate the apparent absorption (AA), true absorption (TA), net retention (NR) of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) presents in Poultry litter (PL), dicalcium phosphate (DP) and commercial mineral mix (MM). Lambs were housed in metabolic stalls and were assigned to evaluated treatments: T1: 130 g/animal/d of supplement 1 (SP1), made with 80% of PL + 20% molasses + hay of Brachiaria humidicola (HB) ad libitum, T2: 200 g/animal/d of supplement 2 (SP2) made with 80.4% of hominy feed + 17.6% of soybean meal + 2% of urea + HB + DP and T3: 200 g/animal/d of SP2 + HB + MM. Experimental rations, excretes, urine and hay samples were collected during seven days. Ca and Mg were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric and P was determined by Colorimetric method. Values obtained for AA and TA of Ca and P were: T1 (Ca: 45.45, 52.00% and P: 46.19, 50.00%), T2 (Ca: 47.07, 54,00% and P: 48.26, 55.21%) and T3 (Ca: 48.26, 55.21 % and P:47.74, 51.19%), and no statistical differences were detected between treatments. For the RN of Ca the statistical analysis didn't detect differences between treatments. For the AA, AV and RN of Mg statistical differences were detected (P<0.01) between T1 (58.45, 64.85 and 37.20% respectively), and T3 (60.04%; 66.26% and 38.85% respectively), in relation to T2 (41.80; 48.78 and 14.69% respectively). High values of AA and TA of Ca and P present in PL, DP and MM suggests that these alternatives are good minerals sources of Ca and P