78 research outputs found
Serological proteome analysis reveals new specific biases in the IgM and IgG autoantibody repertoires in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Objective: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS 1) is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene that induce intrathymic T-cell tolerance breakdown, which results in tissue-specific autoimmune diseases.
Design: To evaluate the effect of a well-defined T-cell repertoire impairment on humoral self-reactive fingerprints, comparative serum self-IgG and self-IgM reactivities were analyzed using both one- and two-dimensional western blotting approaches against a broad spectrum of peripheral tissue antigens. Methods: Autoantibody patterns of APS 1 patients were compared with those of subjects affected by other autoimmune endocrinopathies (OAE) and healthy controls.
Results: Using a Chi-square test, significant changes in the Ab repertoire were found when intergroup patterns were compared. A singular distortion of both serum self-IgG and self-IgM repertoires was noted in APS 1 patients. The molecular characterization of these antigenic targets was conducted using a proteomic approach. In this context, autoantibodies recognized more significantly either tissue-specific antigens, such as pancreatic amylase, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase and pancreatic regenerating protein 1α, or widely distributed antigens, such as peroxiredoxin-2, heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein and aldose reductase. As expected, a well-defined self-reactive T-cell repertoire impairment, as described in APS 1 patients, affected the tissue-specific self-IgG repertoire. Interestingly, discriminant IgM reactivities targeting both tissue-specific and more widely expressed antigens were also specifically observed in APS 1 patients. Using recombinant targets, we observed that post translational modifications of these specific antigens impacted upon their recognition.
Conclusions: The data suggest that T-cell-dependent but also T-cell-independent mechanisms are involved in the dynamic evolution of autoimmunity in APS 1
Sodium Transport in Capillaries Isolated from Rat Brain
Brain capillary endothelial cells form a bloodbrain barrier (BBB) that appears to play a role in fluid and ion homeostasis in brain. One important transport system that may be involved in this regulatory function is the Na + ,K + -ATPase that was previously demonstrated to be present in isolated brain capillaries. The goal of the present study was to identify additional Na + transport systems in brain capillaries that might contribute to BBB function. Microvessels were isolated from rat brains and 22 Na + uptake by and efflux from the cells were studied. Total 22 Na + uptake was increased and the rate of 22 Na + efflux was decreased by ouabain, confirming the presence of Na + ,K + -ATPase in capillary cells. After inhibition of Na + ,K + -ATPase activity, another saturable Na + transport mechanism became apparent. Capillary uptake of 22 Na + was stimulated by an elevated concentration of Na + or H + inside the cells and inhibited by extracellular Na + , H + , Li + , and NH 4 + . Amiloride inhibited 22 Na + uptake with a K i between 10 â5 and 10 â6 M but there was no effect of 1 mM furosemide on 22 Na + uptake by the isolated microvessels. These results indicate the presence in brain capillaries of a transport system capable of mediating Na + / Na + and Na + /H + exchange. As a similar transport system does not appear to be present on the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelial cell, it is proposed that Na + /H + exchange occurs primarily across the antiluminal membrane.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66187/1/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09065.x.pd
Motor-Skill Learning in Alzheimerâs Disease: A Review with an Eye to the Clinical Practice
Since elderly people suffering from dementia want to go on living independently for as long as possible, they need to be able to maintain familiar and learn new practical skills. Although explicit or declarative learning methods are mostly used to train new skills, it is hypothesized that implicit or procedural techniques may be more effective in this population. The present review discusses 23 experimental studies on implicit motor-skill learning in patients with Alzheimerâs disease (AD). All studies found intact implicit motor-learning capacities. Subsequently, it is elaborated how these intact learning abilities can be exploited in the patientsâ rehabilitation with respect to the variables âpracticeâ and âfeedback.â Recommendations for future research are provided, and it is concluded that if training programs are adjusted to specific needs and abilities, older people with AD are well able to (re)learn practical motor skills, which may enhance their autonomy
Identification of structural damage using a sensitivity approach applied to output-only data
The evaluation of the health of a structure during its operative life represents one of the main issue researchers are interested to in order to ensure reliability and reduce the operational costs. This is particularly true when dealing with helicopters, aircraft and space structures where the severe vibration environment and the demand of lighter and lighter structures push to extremes fatigue related damages, material aging and the overall capability of the structure to withstand the prescribed dynamic loadings. The addition of the emerging Output-Only-based techniques to sensitivity-based approaches, devoted to system dynamic identification, could significantly enhance the reliability of aerospace structures. The characteristics of this novel approach were experimentally investigated on an aluminum plate in order to validate the proposed technique. The testing showed the proposed methodology can identify damage to the plate by recognizable changes in the frequency response functions synthesized, in turn, from the measurement of the strain responses only
Initiative pour la Promotion de la QualitĂ© et lâĂpidĂ©miologie dans les Cliniques multidisciplinaires du Pied DiabĂ©tique (IPQED-Pied) - RĂ©sultats de la 6e collecte de donnĂ©es (annĂ©es dâaudit 2018-2019)
Ce rapport prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats du sixiĂšme audit rĂ©alisĂ© dans les cliniques du pied diabĂ©tique agrĂ©Ă©es en Belgique (ci-aprĂšs dĂ©nommĂ©es « centres »). Ces rĂ©sultats sont comparĂ©s Ă ceux des audits prĂ©cĂ©dents. Six audits ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s entre 2005 et 2018. Les problĂšmes du pied enregistrĂ©s Ă©taient un ulcĂšre du pied diabĂ©tique (UPD) dâun grade de Wagner dâau moins 2 et/ou un pied de Charcot actif. Les donnĂ©es recueillies portaient sur les caractĂ©ristiques lors du premier contact, ainsi que sur les traitements et les
rĂ©sultats sur une pĂ©riode de suivi de six (audits 2-6) ou douze mois (audit 1). Ă lâissue de cet audit, les centres ont obtenu un rapport de feed-back leur permettant de comparer leurs rĂ©sultats pour plusieurs indicateurs de qualitĂ©.
Pour ce qui concerne les ulcĂšres du pied diabĂ©tique, les conclusions suivantes peuvent ĂȘtre tirĂ©es :
Lors de lâaudit le plus rĂ©cent, le dĂ©lai mĂ©dian de prĂ©sentation des patients dans les centres Ă©tait de trois semaines, ce qui Ă©tait significativement plus court que lors des audits prĂ©cĂ©dents. De plus, le dĂ©lai de prĂ©sentation dans lâaudit 6 Ă©tait significativement plus court lorsque le patient avait dĂ©jĂ des antĂ©cĂ©dents dâUPD et / ou de pied de Charcot. Ceci suggĂšre que les efforts pour augmenter la visibilitĂ© des centres et amĂ©liorer lâĂ©ducation des patients ont fonctionnĂ©.
Les stratĂ©gies de traitement recommandĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© largement adoptĂ©es par les centres. Dans lâaudit 6, la mise en dĂ©charge des ulcĂšres de lâavant-pied plantaire a Ă©tĂ© pratiquĂ©e dans 79 % des cas. Lâimagerie vasculaire a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e chez 52 % des patients et une revascularisation a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez prĂšs de 68 % des patients prĂ©sentant une ischĂ©mie aiguĂ« du membre infĂ©rieur.
PrĂšs de la moitiĂ© des ulcĂšres Ă©taient guĂ©ris au cours du suivi lors de lâaudit 6. Des amputations majeures ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es pour 4 % des patients. Ces pourcentages ne diffĂ©raient pas significativement dâun audit Ă lâautre. Ces rĂ©sultats soutiennent la comparaison avec les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors dâautres Ă©tudes, notamment si lâon prend en compte les caractĂ©ristiques spĂ©cifiques de la population IPQEDPied : une sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de lâulcĂšre Ă©levĂ©e et une prĂ©valence Ă©levĂ©e de comorbiditĂ©s.
Moins dâun patient sur dix nâavait aucun ulcĂšre actif sur lâun ou lâautre pied Ă la fin de la pĂ©riode de suivi. Cela souligne la nature chronique des problĂšmes de pied diabĂ©tique et lâimportance des mesures prĂ©ventives.
La prĂ©vention secondaire, comme la prescription de chaussures et / ou lâorganisation dâun suivi podologique, Ă©tait appropriĂ©e pour prĂ©venir de nouveaux ulcĂšres chez environ 80 % des patients dans lâaudit 6.
Pour ce qui concerne le pied de Charcot actif, les conclusions suivantes peuvent ĂȘtre tirĂ©es :
Lors de lâaudit 6, 68 % des patients avec un pied de Charcot actif Ă©taient guĂ©ris pendant le suivi. Les pourcentages dâimmobilisation jusquâau genou Ă©taient adĂ©quats et la durĂ©e dâimmobilisation Ă©tait courte, Ă la fois par rapport aux audits prĂ©cĂ©dents et aux donnĂ©es limitĂ©es de la littĂ©rature.
68 % des patients avec un pied de Charcot actif guéri ont reçu des chaussures appropriées, principalement des chaussures orthopédiques.
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Initiatief voor Kwaliteitsbevordering en Epidemiologie bij Multidisciplinaire Diabetes Voetklinieken (IKED-Voet) - Resultaten van de 6de gegevensverzameling (auditjaren 2018-2019)
Dit rapport beschrijft de resultaten van de zesde audit bij de erkende diabetes voetklinieken in BelgiĂ« (hierna âcentraâ genoemd). De resultaten worden vergeleken met die van eerdere audits. Tussen 2005 en 2018 werden zes audits georganiseerd. De geregistreerde voetproblemen waren ofwel een diabetisch voetulcus (DVU) van minstens Wagner-graad 2 en/of een actieve Charcot-voet. De verzamelde gegevens hadden betrekking op de kenmerken bij de eerste consultatie en op de behandeling en de uitkomsten in de loop van 6 (audits 2-6) of 12 maanden (audit 1) opvolging. Na de audit kregen de centra een feedbackrapport met benchmarking van hun prestaties op het vlak van een aantal kwaliteitsindicatoren.
Met betrekking tot diabetische voetulcera kunnen de volgende conclusies worden getrokken:
In de meest recente audit bedroeg het mediane presentatieuitstel van patiënten in de centra 3 weken, hetgeen significant korter was dan in eerdere audits. Bovendien was het presentatieuitstel in audit 6 significant korter wanneer de patiënt reeds een voorgeschiedenis van DVU en/of Charcot-voet had. Dit suggereert dat de inspanningen om de zichtbaarheid van de centra te verhogen en de educatie van de patiënten te verbeteren, gewerkt hebben.
De aanbevolen behandelingsstrategieën werden op grote schaal door de centra gevolgd. In audit 6 ontving 79% van de plantaire voorvoetulcera een vorm van drukontlasting, 52% van de patiënten onderging vasculaire beeldvorming en 68% van de patiënten met kritische ischemie van het onderste lidmaat onderging revascularisatie.
Bijna de helft van de ulcera genas tijdens de opvolging in audit 6. 4% van de patiënten onderging majeure amputatie. Deze percentages verschilden niet significant over de audits heen. Deze resultaten verhouden zich gunstig in vergelijking met die van andere studies, vooral als we rekening houden met de specifieke karakteristieken van de IKED-Voet-populatie: hoge ernst van de ulcera en hoge prevalentie van co-morbiditeiten.
Minder dan een op tien patiënten had aan het einde van de opvolgingsperiode op geen van beide voeten nog actieve ulcera. Dit benadrukt het chronische karakter van de diabetische voetproblematiek en het belang van preventieve handelingen.
De secundaire preventie was adequaat. Dit bleek uit de vaststelling dat in audit 6 ongeveer 80% van de patiënten schoeisel voor preventie van nieuwe ulcera ontving en/of opgenomen werd in een podologische opvolging.
Met betrekking tot actieve Charcot-voet kunnen de volgende conclusies worden getrokken:
In audit 6 genas 68% van de patiënten met actieve Charcot-voet tijdens de opvolging. De percentages van immobilisatie tot aan de knie waren toereikend en de immobilisatieduur was kort, zowel in vergelijking met eerdere audits als met de beperkte gegevens uit de literatuur.
68% van de patiënten met een genezen actieve Charcot-voet ontving aangepast schoeisel, meestal orthopedische schoenen.
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