The effect of additions of anticorrosive pigments on the cathodic delamitation and wear resistance of an epoxy powder coating

The cathodic delamination and wear resistance of epoxy powder coatings were evaluated after adding 3 % (by wt.) of calcium ion exchanged micropigments from amorphous synthetic silica. The materials were manufactured through the innovative and economical hot mixing method, and three different coatings were considered: commercial epoxy, epoxy without micropigments submitted to the hot mixing treatment, and epoxy with micropigments. The curing kinetics of the powder coatings was studied in order to evaluate the possible effects of the micropigments on the epoxy, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, mechanical properties of coatings (hardness and scratch resistance) and their wear resistance (reciprocal tribometer tests) were assessed. After provoking a controlled mechanical failure in the coatings, their delamination resistance was analyzed by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). The delamination front was calculated after adding a drop of 3.5 % NaCl solution and taking measurements for 26 days. The results show that the corrosion attack progresses through a cathodic delamination mechanism. The addition of corrosion inhibitors in epoxy powder coatings has not only allowed a considerable improvement in delamination resistance, but has also led to greater mechanical and wear resistance. At the same time, it has simultaneously reduced the chances for mechanical failure of the coating and decreased the progression rate of damage, if it occurs. The study has also been completed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measured of fully-immersed defective coatings in 3.5 % NaCl.The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through grant agreement No 766437 (ESSIAL project)

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

Nanocelluloses (NC) increase mechanical and barrier paper properties allowing the use of paper in applications actually covered by other materials. Despite the exponential increase of information, NC have not been fully implemented in papermaking yet, due to the challenges of using NC. This paper provides a review of the main new findings and emerging possibilities in this field by focusing mainly on: (i) Decoupling the effects of NC on wet-end and paper properties by using synergies with retention aids, chemical modification, or filler preflocculation; (ii) challenges and solutions related to the incorporation of NC in the pulp suspension and its effects on barrier properties; and (iii) characterization needs of NC at an industrial scale. The paper also includes the market perspectives. It is concluded that to solve these challenges specific solutions are required for each paper product and process, being the wet-end optimization the key to decouple NC effects on drainage and paper properties. Furthermore, the effect of NC on recyclability must also be taken into account to reach a compromise solution. This review helps readers find upscale options for using NC in papermaking and identify further research needs within this field

La información internacional como herramienta de inserción laboral para el alumnado de Relaciones Internacionales

El proyecto pretende poner en marcha una participación directa y permanente durante el curso académico 2020/2021 del alumnado de la UCM en un medio de comunicación digital de nueva creación especializado en información internacional. El alumnado pertenecerá principalmente, aunque no solamente, a los siguientes estudios: grados de Relaciones Internacionales, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual; máster en Política Internacional; programa de doctorado en Ciencias Políticas y de la Administración y Relaciones Internacionales. Realizarán materiales informativos que se podrán difundir en las diversas secciones el medio de comunicación: análisis, reportajes, entrevistas en profundidad, cronologías, infografías, perfiles, podcasts, moderación y participación en debates con expertos internacionalistas grabados y emitidos, y la sección cultural. El alumnado de grado y máster aprenderá a realizar este tipo de materiales en las clases prácticas de las diversas asignaturas que imparte el profesorado participante, teniendo como apoyo fundamental a los dos alumnos de doctorado que participan en el proyecto. El alumnado estará acompañado durante todo el proceso ya que el profesor responsable del proyecto y el alumnado de doctorado participante en el mismo están implicados en el medio de comunicación, junto a 25 exalumnas y exalumnos de los grados de Relaciones Internacionales y de Periodismo. Por último, se realizará una publicación en forma de artículo científico, que pueda generar elementos de valor para la innovación docente enfocada a la Información Internacional y a las Relaciones Internacionales

Laboratorio de Relaciones Internacionales con América Latina

Puesta en marcha de un laboratorio de ideas y acciones, entre la UCM y diversas entidades latinoamericanas para desarrollar acciones de relaciones internacionales: presentación de un proyecto de cooperación a la XV convocatoria UCM, realización de acciones de sensibilización y realización de una publicación digital

Descripción de los niveles de Burnout en diferentes colectivos profesionales

El interés en la investigación del Burnout proviene del hecho de tratarse de un problema social que afecta a muchas personas. Los datos epidemiológicos sobre el síndrome hablan de un pro- blema de tal magnitud, que conlleva consecuencias personales y laborales negativas. Este hecho justifica por sí mismo que el desarrollo investigador haya crecido de manera considerable en es- tos últimos años. Si bien es cierto que existen diversos colectivos profesionales de riesgo de pa- decimiento del síndrome de Burnout, también lo es, que los niveles del mismo en sus diferentes dimensiones, suelen cambiar, e incluso la secuenciación en las mismas en la aparición del pro- blema, se puede ver alterada. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir comparativamente los nive- les de Burnout en cuatro muestras, una de población general y tres de profesionales, docentes, sanitarios y miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas

An evaluation of pipelines for DNA variant detection can guide a reanalysis protocol to increase the diagnostic ratio of genetic diseases

Clinical exome (CE) sequencing has become a first-tier diagnostic test for hereditary diseases; however, its diagnostic rate is around 30–50%. In this study, we aimed to increase the diagnostic yield of CE using a custom reanalysis algorithm. Sequencing data were available for three cohorts using two commercial protocols applied as part of the diagnostic process. Using these cohorts, we compared the performance of general and clinically relevant variant calling and the efficacy of an in-house bioinformatic protocol (FJD-pipeline) in detecting causal variants as compared to commercial protocols. On the whole, the FJD-pipeline detected 99.74% of the causal variants identified by the commercial protocol in previously solved cases. In the unsolved cases, FJD-pipeline detects more INDELs and non-exonic variants, and is able to increase the diagnostic yield in 2.5% and 3.2% in the re-analysis of 78 cancer and 62 cardiovascular cases. These results were considered to design a reanalysis, filtering and prioritization algorithm that was tested by reassessing 68 inconclusive cases of monoallelic autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies increasing the diagnosis by 4.4%. In conclusion, a guided NGS reanalysis of unsolved cases increases the diagnostic yield in genetic disorders, making it a useful diagnostic tool in medical geneticsWe want to thank the participants for consenting to the use of their data for the study. We would like to thank all technical staff in the genetics service of the Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital for conducting the sequencing and segregation analysis. We also thank Oliver Shaw (IIS-FJD) for editorial assistance. This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425, PI19/00321, PI18/00579 and PI20/00851), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), Ramón Areces Foundation (4019/012), Conchita Rábago Foundation, and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. R.R. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Comunidad de Madrid (2019-T2/BMD-13714), L.d.l.F. is supported by the platform technician contract of ISCIII (CA18/00017), IPR is supported by a PhD studentship from the predoctoral program from ISCIII (FI17/ 00192), I.F.I. is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017- AI/BMD7256), G.N.M. is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (PEJ2020-AI/BMD-18610), A.D. is supported by a PhD studentship from the predoctoral program from ISCIII (FI18/00123), B.A. is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020), C.R. is supported by a PhD studentship from the Conchita Rabago Foundation and PM and MC are supported by a Miguel Servet program contract from ISCIII (CP16/00116 and CPII17/00006, respectively). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation, and/or publication decision

COVID-19 vaccine failure

COVID-19 affects the population unequally with a higher impact on aged and immunosuppressed people. Hence, we assessed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune compromised patients (older adults and oncohematologic patients), compared with healthy counterparts. While the acquired humoral and cellular memory did not predict subsequent infection 18 months after full immunization, spectral and computational cytometry revealed several subsets within the CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, monocytes and CD45RA+ CCR7- Tγδ cells differentially expressed in further infected and non-infected individuals not just following immunization, but also prior to that. Of note, up to 7 subsets were found within the CD45RA+ CCR7- Tγδ population with some of them being expanded and other decreased in subsequently infected individuals. Moreover, some of these subsets also predicted COVID-induced hospitalization in oncohematologic patients. Therefore, we hereby have identified several cellular subsets that, even before vaccination, strongly related to COVID-19 vulnerability as opposed to the acquisition of cellular and/or humoral memory following vaccination with SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines.This study has been funded through Programa Estratégico Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM Junta de Castilla y León. Ref. CCVC8485), Junta de Castilla y León (Proyectos COVID 07.04.467B04.74011.0) and the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global; SGL21-03-026 and SGL2021-03-038)N

Herramientas de comunicación y divulgación musical orientadas a la transferencia: entornos digitales 2.0

Este proyecto tiene como objeto la formación sobre recursos y herramientas de comunicación y divulgación musical en espacios 2.0, con el fin de utilizarlas en el aula y fomentar la transferencia y el emprendimiento en el ámbito de la musicología

Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries