A condition for a perfect-fluid space-time to be a generalized Robertson-Walker space-time

A perfect-fluid space-time of dimension n>3 with 1) irrotational velocity vector field, 2) null divergence of the Weyl tensor, is a generalised Robertson-Walker space-time with Einstein fiber. Condition 1) is verified whenever pressure and energy density are related by an equation of state. The contraction of the Weyl tensor with the velocity vector field is zero. Conversely, a generalized Robertson-Walker space-time with null divergence of the Weyl tensor is a perfect-fluid space-time.Comment: 7 pages. Misprint corrected in Sect II

Towards a Certified Reference Monitor of the Android 10 Permission System

Android is a platform for mobile devices that captures more than 85% of the total market share [International Data Corporation (IDC), 2020]. Currently, mobile devices allow people to develop multiple tasks in different areas. Regrettably, the benefits of using mobile devices are counteracted by increasing security risks. The important and critical role of these systems makes them a prime target for formal verification. In our previous work [Betarte et al., 2018], we exhibited a formal specification of an idealized formulation of the permission model of version 6 of Android. In this paper we present an enhanced version of the model in the proof assistant Coq, including the most relevant changes concerning the permission system introduced in versions Nougat, Oreo, Pie and 10. The properties that we had proved earlier for the security model have been either revalidated or refuted, and new ones have been formulated and proved. Additionally, we make observations on the security of the most recent versions of Android. Using the programming language of Coq we have developed a functional implementation of a reference validation mechanism and certified its correctness. The formal development is about 23k LOC of Coq, including proofs

Elusive phase transition in the replica limit of monitored systems

We study an exactly solvable model of monitored dynamics in a system of $N$ spin-$1/2$ particles with pairwise all-to-all noisy interactions, where each spin is constantly perturbed by weak measurements of the spin component in a random direction. We make use of the replica trick to account for the Born's rule weighting of the measurement outcomes in the study of purification and other observables, with an exact description in the large-$N$ limit. We find that the nature of the phase transition strongly depends on the number $n$ of replicas used in the calculation, with the appearance of non-perturbative logarithmic corrections that destroy the disentangled/purifying phase in the relevant $n \rightarrow 1$ replica limit. Specifically, we observe that the purification time of a mixed state in the weak measurement phase is always exponentially long in the system size for arbitrary strong measurement rates.Comment: 7+16 pages, 3+4 figure

Hacia un prototipo certificado del sistema de permisos de Android 10

Android es un sistema operativo para dispositivos celulares que actualmente, acapara más del 85% del mercado. Permite a sus usuarios realizar múltiples tareas a través del uso de apps. Sin embargo, el fácil uso de las mismas y de la plataforma en general, se ve contrarrestado por una escalada en los riesgos en cuanto a confidencialidad de los datos y a la falta de garantías a la hora de proteger información delicada. Por este motivo, el sistema encargado de arbitrar los accesos a la información del usuario se convierte en un objetivo principal para la verificación de software usando métodos formales. En este trabajo, extendemos una formalización existente del sistema de permisos de Android 6, incorporando nuevas funcionalidades y demostrando nuevas propiedades para las versiones 7, 8, 9 y 10 de la plataforma. El resultado es un framework sobre el cual es posible razonar, de manera formal, sobre propiedades de safety y security de Android 10

Insufficient control of blood pressure and incident diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Incidence of type 2 diabetes might be associated with preexisting hypertension. There is no information on whether incident diabetes is predicted by blood pressure control. We evaluated the hazard of diabetes in relation to blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nondiabetic, otherwise healthy, hypertensive patients (N = 1,754, mean +/- SD age 52 +/- 11 years, 43% women) participated in a network over 3.4 +/- 1 years of follow-up. Blood pressure was considered uncontrolled if systolic was >or=140 mmHg and/or diastolic was >or=90 mmHg at the last outpatient visit. Diabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association guidelines. RESULTS: Uncontrolled blood pressure despite antihypertensive treatment was found in 712 patients (41%). At baseline, patients with uncontrolledblood pressure were slightly younger than patients with controlled blood pressure (51 +/- 11 vs. 53 +/- 12 years, P < 0.001), with no differences in sex distribution, BMI, duration of hypertension, baseline blood pressure, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and potassium, lipid profile, or prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, 109 subjects developed diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled (8%) than in those with controlled blood pressure (4%, odds ratio 2.08, P < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis controlling for baseline systolic blood pressure and BMI, family history of diabetes, and physical activity, uncontrolled blood pressure doubled the risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, P < 0.001), independently of significant effects of age (HR 1.02 per year, P = 0.03) and baseline fasting glucose (HR 1.10 per mg/dl, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a large sample of treated nondiabetic hypertensive subjects, uncontrolled blood pressure is associated with twofold increased risk of incident diabetes independently of age, BMI, baseline blood pressure, or fasting glucose

Le dimensioni dell\u2019innovazione in un cluster del vino italiano

L\u2019innovazione \ue8 senza dubbio uno dei temi pi\uf9 studiati nella letteratura econo- mico-manageriale. Nonostante la notevole quantit\ue0 di ricerche, il problema del rapporto tra innovazione e performance aziendale rimane una questione anco- ra aperta, come evidenziato in diversi contributi (Garcia e Calantone, 2002; Ro- senbusch et al., 2011)..

A Filtering technique based on a DLMS algorithm for ultrasonography video

It is well known that ultrasonography is a diagnostic method for visualizinginside human tissues by spreading ultrasounds and measuring their return time tothe sensor. However, the interface between the human skin and this ultrasoundtransducer attenuates the received signal and the medical image quality deterioratessignificantly. In this paper we propose a filtering technique in order to compensatethis attenuation. A finite impulse response filter (FIR) based on a Delayed LeastMean Square (DLMS) was optimized and implemented. The main contribution ofour work consists of finding the order and the coefficients of the filter that minimizethe attenuation error. We validate our method first on simulated data and later on areprogrammable FPGA device for a real time performance testing. Among others,we show that incrementing the order of the filter, not always is the best way toreduce image quality errors

Insufficient control of blood pressure and incident diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Incidence of type 2 diabetes might be associated with preexisting hypertension. There is no information on whether incident diabetes is predicted by blood pressure control. We evaluated the hazard of diabetes in relation to blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nondiabetic, otherwise healthy, hypertensive patients (N = 1,754, mean +/- SD age 52 +/- 11 years, 43% women) participated in a network over 3.4 +/- 1 years of follow-up. Blood pressure was considered uncontrolled if systolic was >or=140 mmHg and/or diastolic was >or=90 mmHg at the last outpatient visit. Diabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association guidelines. RESULTS: Uncontrolled blood pressure despite antihypertensive treatment was found in 712 patients (41%). At baseline, patients with uncontrolledblood pressure were slightly younger than patients with controlled blood pressure (51 +/- 11 vs. 53 +/- 12 years, P < 0.001), with no differences in sex distribution, BMI, duration of hypertension, baseline blood pressure, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and potassium, lipid profile, or prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, 109 subjects developed diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled (8%) than in those with controlled blood pressure (4%, odds ratio 2.08, P < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis controlling for baseline systolic blood pressure and BMI, family history of diabetes, and physical activity, uncontrolled blood pressure doubled the risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, P < 0.001), independently of significant effects of age (HR 1.02 per year, P = 0.03) and baseline fasting glucose (HR 1.10 per mg/dl, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a large sample of treated nondiabetic hypertensive subjects, uncontrolled blood pressure is associated with twofold increased risk of incident diabetes independently of age, BMI, baseline blood pressure, or fasting glucose