L'Approche systémique en électrotechnique comment gérer un cours /

Également disponible en version papier.Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 janv. 2010)Bibliogr

L'Approche systémique en électrotechnique comment gérer un cours /

Également disponible en version papier.Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 janv. 2010)Bibliogr

Prospectives

Tiré de: Prospectives, vol. 24, no 1, férier 1988.Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 janv. 2013

Test-meal palatability is associated with overconsumption but better represents preceding changes in appetite in non-obese males

Single course ad libitum meals are recommended for the assessment of energy intake within appetite research. This represents the first investigation of the comparative sensitivity of two single course ad libitum meals designed to differ in palatability. Two experiments were completed using a preload study design. All protocols were identical except for the energy content of the preloads (Experiment one: 579kJ and 1776kJ; Experiment two: 828kJ and 4188kJ). During each experiment, 10 healthy men completed four experimental trials constituting a low or high energy preload beverage, a 60 min intermeal interval, and consumption of a pasta-based or porridge-based ad libitum meal. Appetite ratings were measured throughout each trial and palatability was assessed after food consumption. Preload manipulation did not influence appetite (P=0.791) or energy intake (P=0.561) in experiment one. Palatability and energy intake were higher for the pasta meal than the porridge meal in both experiments (palatability P≤0.002; energy intake P≤0.001). In experiment two, consumption of the high energy preload decreased appetite (P=0.051) and energy intake (P=0.002). Energy compensation was not significantly different between pasta and porridge meals (P=0.172) but was more strongly correlated with preceding changes in appetite at the pasta meal (r=-0.758; P=0.011) than the porridge meal (r=-0.498; P=0.143). The provision of a highly palatable pasta-based meal produced energy intakes that were more representative of preceding appetite ratings but the moderately palatable porridge-based meal produced more ecologically valid energy intakes. Ad libitum meal selection and design may require a compromise between sensitivity and ecological validity

Structural Design Of Ultra Large Ships Based On Direct Calculation Approach

The trend in modern sea transportation is building of ever larger ships, which require application of different direct calculation methodologies and numerical tools to achieve their reliable structural design. This is particularly emphasized in case of ultra large container ships (ULCS), but also other ship types like bulk carriers or large LNG ships belong to this category. In this context some classification societies have developed guidelines for performing direct calculations and for that purpose there are several hydro-structure tools available around the world, mainly relying on the same theoretical assumptions, but having incorporated different numerical procedures. Such tools are mostly based on the application of the 3D potential flow theoretical models coupled with the 3D FEM structural models. This paper illustrates application of general hydro-structure tool HOMER (BV) in the assessment of ship structural response in waves. An outline of the numerical procedure based on the modal approach is given together with basic software description. Application case is 19000 TEU ULCS built in South Korean shipyard Hyundai Heavy Industries. Extensive hydroelastic analyses of the ship are performed, and here some representative results for fatigue response with linear springing influence are listed

Associations between Children's Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity, Infant's Appetite and Parental Feeding Practices in Toddlerhood.

Previous findings suggest that parental feeding practices may adapt to children's eating behavior and sex, but few studies assessed these associations in toddlerhood. We aimed to study the associations between infant's appetite or children's genetic susceptibility to obesity and parental feeding practices. We assessed infant's appetite (three-category indicator: low, normal or high appetite, labelled 4-to-24-month appetite) and calculated a combined obesity risk-allele score (genetic risk score of body mass index (BMI-GRS)) in a longitudinal study of respectively 1358 and 932 children from the EDEN cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at 2-year-follow-up by the CFPQ. Three of the five tested scores were used as continuous variables; others were considered as binary variables, according to the median. Associations between infant's appetite or child's BMI-GRS and parental feeding practices were assessed by linear and logistic regression models, stratified on child's sex if interactions were significant. 4-to-24-month appetite was positively associated with restrictive feeding practices among boys and girls. Among boys, high compared to normal 4-to-24-month appetite was associated with higher use of food to regulate child's emotions (OR [95% CI] = 2.24 [1.36; 3.68]). Child's BMI-GRS was not related to parental feeding practices. Parental feeding practices may adapt to parental perception of infant's appetite and child's sex

Birth Weight, Body Silhouette Over the Life Course, and Incident Diabetes in 91,453 Middle-Aged Women From the French Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) Cohort

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Obesity and increases in body weight in adults are considered to be among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight is also associated with a higher diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine to what extent the evolution of body shape, from childhood to adulthood, is related to incident diabetes in late adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) is a cohort study of French women born in 1925-1950 and followed by questionnaire every 2 years. At baseline, in 1990, women were asked to report their current weight, height, and body silhouette at various ages. Birth weight was recorded in 2002. Cases of diabetes were self-reported or obtained by drug reimbursement record linkage and further validated. RESULTS: Of the 91,453 women who were nondiabetic at baseline, 2,534 developed diabetes over the 15 years of follow-up. Birth weight and body silhouette at 8 years, at menarche, and in young adulthood (20-25 years) were inversely associated with the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up (all P(trend) < 0.001). In mid-adulthood (35-40 years), the association was reversed, with an increase in risk related to a larger body silhouette. An increase in body silhouette from childhood to mid-adulthood amplified the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight and thinness until young adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up. Young women who were lean children should be especially warned against weight gain

L'apprentissage de la littérature au collégial assisté par une technologie de réseau un potentiel de métacognition, de créativité et d'approfondissement dans une communauté de lecture en émergence : rapport de recherche /

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)Également disponible en version papier.Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 28 août 2012

L'apprentissage de la littérature au collégial assisté par une technologie de réseau un potentiel de métacognition, de créativité et d'approfondissement dans une communauté de lecture en émergence : rapport de recherche /

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)Également disponible en version papier.Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 28 août 2012

Home and Work Physical Activity Environments: Associations with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity Level in French Women

The influence of the physical activity environment in the home and at work on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and objectively-measured physical activity has not been extensively studied. We recruited 147 women with a (mean ± SD) age of 54 ± 7 years and without evidence of chronic disease. The physical activity environment was assessed by self-report (Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity or ALPHA questionnaire), CRF using a submaximal step test, usual physical activity using combined heart rate and accelerometry, as well as by a validated questionnaire (Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire). Summary scores of the home environment and the work environment derived from the ALPHA questionnaire were positively correlated with CRF after adjustment for age ($r$ = 0.18, $p$ = 0.03 and $r$ = 0.28, $p$ < 0.01, respectively). Women owning a bicycle or having a garden (which may prompt physical activity) had higher CRF; those with a bicycle at home also had a higher physical activity energy expenditure. Similarly, women who had access to fitness equipment at work had higher CRF. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into potential environmental influences on physical capacity and physical activity that could inform the design of physical activity promotion strategies.European Union (Integrated Project LSHM-CT-2006-037197 in the Framework Programme 6 of the European Community), Medical Research Council (Grant ID: MC_UU_12015/3