An early mid-latitude aurora observed by Rozier (Béziers, 1780)

Aurora observations are an uncommon phenomenon at low and mid latitudes that, at the end of the 18th century, were not well known and understood. Low and mid geomagnetic latitude aurora observations provide information about episodes of intense solar storms associated with flares and outstanding coronal mass ejection (CME) and about the variation of the geomagnetic field. However, for many observers at mid and low latitudes, the features of a northern light were unknown, so they could easily report it as a phenomenon without explanation. In this work, we found that an earlier mid geomagnetic latitude aurora was observed in Beaus jour, close to B ziers (43°190 N, 3°130 E), France, by the abbot Fran ois Rozier. He was a meticulous botanist, doctor and agronomist with a special interest in atmospheric phenomena. On 15 August 1780, from 19:55 to 20:07 (Universal Time), Fran ois Rozier observed a phosphoric cloud . A careful analysis of the report indicates that he was reporting an auroral event. The recovery of auroral events at low and mid latitude during the 1780s is very useful for shedding light on solar activity during this period because there are few records of sunspot observations

Avaliação sensorial de cebolinha (Allium cepa, L.) orgânica para conserva.

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Impact of Hanging Motionless in Harness on Respiratory and Blood Pressure Reflex Modulation in Mountain Climbers

Harness hang syncope (HHS) is a risk that specifically affects safety of harness users in mountain climbing. Aims: To evaluate individual patterns of breathing resulting from deranged cardiovascular reflexes triggering a syncopal event when a mismatch between cerebral O2 demand and supply is present. Results: Forty healthy participants [aged 39.1 (8.2) years] were enrolled in a motionless suspension test while hanging in harness. Respiratory gas exchange values were analyzed to assess the pattern of breathing (EpInWel, respiratory elastic power) and cardiovascular parameters were monitored (BP, blood pressure). Four participants experienced HHS after 30.0 (7.6) minutes, with an early manifestation of loss of control of both a sustainable EpInWel and BP, starting after 10-12 minutes. Among the other participants, two different reactions were observed during suspension: (1) group G1 tolerated 32.7 (11.4) minutes of suspension by a favorable adaptation of the EpInWel and BP parameters and (2) group G2 showed significantly shorter time of suspension 24.0 (10.4) minutes with unfavorable increase in EpInWel and BP. Conclusions: Greater resistance to HHS occurs in people developing less marked fluctuations of both respiratory and cardiovascular reflex responses. Conversely, wider fluctuations both in control of EpInWel and BP were observed in the event of decreased suspension tolerance or in syncopal events

Análise faunística e flutuação populacional de cigarrinhas (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) potenciais vetoras de Xylella fastidiosa associadas à cultura da videira nos municípios de Bento Gonçalves e Pinto Bandeira, RS.

A cultura da videira é de grande importância econômica e social, proporcionando a geração de empregos de forma direta ou indireta. Países da América do Norte e Central estão enfrentando problemas causados pela doença de Pierce (?Pierce?s disease), provocada pela bactéria Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., 1987, onde as cigarrinhas (Cicadellidae) atuam como vetoras. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a análise faunística e conhecer a flutuação populacional das espécies de cigarrinhas (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) potenciais vetoras de Xylella fastidiosa associadas à cultura da videira em Bento Gonçalves e Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para o trabalho foram realizadas coletas com cartões adesivos amarelos, medindo 8,5 x 11,5 cm em quatro vinhedos comerciais de Vitis vinifera (cultivar Merlot), localizados na cidade de Bento Gonçalves (dois no Vale dos Vinhedos) e dois em Pinto Bandeira. As amostragens foram realizadas no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Ao longo do período de amostragem foram coletados 5745 espécimes e identificadas as espécies de Cicadellinae comprovadamente vetoras de X. fastidiosa em outras culturas no Brasil, destacando a ocorrência em todas as áreas amostradas: Cicadellini - B. xanthophis, H. similis, P. gratiosa e S. grossa; Proconiini - A. citrina, H. ignorata e O. facialis. Nos quatro vinhedos o pico populacional das cigarrinhas ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro e novembro com um declínio na população no mês de junho

Techniques for Effective Optical Noise Rejection in Amplitude-Modulated Laser Optical Radars for Underwater Three-Dimensional Imaging

Amplitude-modulated (AM) laser imaging is a promising technology for the production of accurate three-dimensional (3D) images of submerged scenes. The main challenge is that radiation scattered off water gives rise to a disturbing signal (optical noise) that degrades more and more the quality of 3D images for increasing turbidity. In this paper, we summarize a series of theoretical findings, that provide valuable hints for the development of experimental methods enabling a partial rejection of optical noise in underwater imaging systems. In order to assess the effectiveness of these methods, which range from modulation/demodulation to polarimetry, we carried out a series of experiments by using the laboratory prototype of an AM 3D imager ( = 405 nm) for marine archaeology surveys, in course of realization at the ENEA Artificial Vision Laboratory (Frascati, Rome). The obtained results confirm the validity of the proposed methods for optical noise rejection

Preliminary non-invasive study of Roman glasses from Jesolo (Venice), Italy

Archaeological excavations at ‘Le Mure’ site (Jesolo, VE, Italy) have followed each other since the sixties, when the first evidence of an Early Medieval church (6th–7th century AD) was found under the ruins of a Medieval Cathedral (11th–12th AD). The last few years of investigations by Ca’Foscari University have led to the collection of large amounts of glass fragments, including many tesserae, dating between the 4th and the 12th centuries AD. A selection of glass fragments and mosaic tesserae taken from the excavations performed in 2013–14 at this site were studied by means of reflectance spectroscopy in order to identify their chromophore ions, in particular Cu0, Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, which were detected in both transparent and opaque samples. In addition, the use of high resolution close-up images allowed for the attribution of surface characteristics to specific manufacturing techniques, while glass chemistry was studied in order to group them into known compositional classes. This study, carried out by non-invasive analytical techniques that allowed for the acquisition of preliminary data, will prove useful in driving further methodologies involving other non-invasive and micro-invasive analysis in order to obtain archaeometric information that can be related to concurrent archaeological results

Aging of PLS-glass: Study of the alteration phenomena.

The wood ash-based glass (PLS, potash-lime-silica), employed for medieval cathedral windows in Northern Europe since 1000 A.D., is particularly sensitive to the alteration phenomena. Three PLS medieval-like glass were produced with different K2O content and characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Aging experiments were carried out by sulfuric acid and water, checking, in this last case, the pH over time. The weight loss and the alteration layer thickness were measured and the interacting solutions were analyzed through AAS. Raman maps were recorded on the altered glass cross sections. Changes in the glass network structure were observed and the presence of neo-formation products was determined

Persistent topology for natural data analysis - A survey

Natural data offer a hard challenge to data analysis. One set of tools is being developed by several teams to face this difficult task: Persistent topology. After a brief introduction to this theory, some applications to the analysis and classification of cells, lesions, music pieces, gait, oil and gas reservoirs, cyclones, galaxies, bones, brain connections, languages, handwritten and gestured letters are shown