192 research outputs found
A study of giant graviton dynamics in the restricted schur polynomial basis
MSc., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011Anomalous dimensions are calculated for a certain class of operators in the restricted
Schur polynomial basis in the large N limit. A new computationally
simple form of the dilatation operator is derived and used in this dissertation.
The class of operators investigated have bare dimension of O(N). Thus the calculation
necessarily sums non-planar Feynmann diagrams as the planar approximation
has broken down for operators of this size. The operators investigated
have two long columns and the operators mix under the action of the dilatation
operator, however the mixing of operators having a different number of columns
is suppressed and can be neglected in the large N limit. The action of the one
loop dilatation operator is explicitly calculated for the cases where the operators
have two, three and four impurities and it is found that in a particular limit
the action of the one loop dilatation operator reduces to that of a discrete second
derivative. The lattice on which the discretised second derivative is defined
is provided by the Young tableaux itself. The one loop dilatation operator is
diagonalised numerically and produces a surprisingly simple linear spectrum,
with interesting degeneracies. The spectrum can be understood in terms of
a collection of harmonic oscillators. The frequencies of the oscillators are all
multiples of 8g2Y
M and can be related to the set of Young tableaux acted upon
by the dilatation operator. This equivalence to harmonic oscillators generalises
on previously found results in the BPS sector, and suggests that the system is
integrable. The work presented here is based primarily on research carried out
by R.de Mello Koch, V De Comarmond, and K. Jefferies in [1]
Exploring commitment of secondary teachers in Seychelles
This thesis reports on an investigation into teacher commitment in secondary schools in Seychelles. The overarching aim was to gain an insight into the experiences and perceptions of teacher commitment in order to get a better understanding of teachersā career trajectories and issues relating to teacher retention. Another aim was to explore the experiences and perceptions of the participating teachers, headteachers and policymakers on the factors that influence commitment and trajectories of secondary teachers at the different stages of their teaching careers.
In order to achieve these aims a qualitative methodology was chosen with a combination of three different approaches: phenomenography, phenomenology and multiple case studies. The use of multiple-approaches was considered appropriate in order to enhance the results of the investigation of such a complex phenomenon like teacher commitment. The case studies focused on four teacher groups representing newly qualified teachers, mid-career teachers, experienced teachers and teachers who had left the profession. Data were sought from different participant groups in relation to teacher commitment, experiences and career trajectories. The exploration involved semi-structured interviews with secondary teachers, headteachers and policymakers.
The findings show that participants describe teacher commitment in relation to altruism, personal qualities, pedagogical content knowledge and connectedness. The ideas of what constitutes a committed teacher for these participants reveal complexity in the phenomenon of teacher commitment. Personal, organisational and contextual factors are found to influence these participantsā understandings. The findings identify a complex interplay of personal and contextual spheres of influence on teacher commitment.
Another level of complexity that the findings revealed relate to the interconnection between teacher commitment, teachersā career stages and retention. The commitment of beginning teachers is found to be more at risk than that of mid-career and experienced teachers. Education stakeholders hold different views to those of teachers on the factors that impact on teacher commitment and retention.
The study concludes by proposing a conceptual model for teacher commitment that illustrates its complex nature. Teacher commitment is multifaceted and the nature and level of commitment held by teachers involves the constant negotiation between these different factors.
The findings of the study contribute to a nuanced understanding of teacher commitment and have the potential to generate more in-depth and extensive studies of this phenomenon. These findings may inform policymakers both in Seychelles and in other national and international contexts about issues relating to teacher recruitment, development and retention, which are worldwide concerns
From Large N Nonplanar Anomalous Dimensions to Open Spring Theory
In this note we compute the non-planar one loop anomalous dimension of
restricted Schur polynomials that have a bare dimension of O(N). This is
achieved by mapping the restricted Schur polynomials into states of a specific
U(N) irreducible representation. In this way the dilatation operator is mapped
into a u(n) valued operator and, as a result, can easily be diagonalized. The
resulting spectrum is reproduced by a classical model of springs between
masses.Comment: 13+1 pages, 3 figure
Orthogonal Bases of Invariants in Tensor Models
Representation theory provides a suitable framework to count and classify
invariants in tensor models. We show that there are two natural ways of
counting invariants, one for arbitrary rank of the gauge group and a second,
which is only valid for large N. We construct bases of invariant operators
based on the counting, and compute correlators of their elements. The basis
associated with finite N diagonalizes the two-point function of the theory and
it is analogous to the restricted Schur basis used in matrix models. We comment
on future lines of investigation.Comment: Two overlapping but independent results are merged to a joint work.
16 pages, 1 tabl
Correlation functions and representation bases in free N=4 Super Yang-Mills
We study exact correlation functions of N=4 SYM at zero coupling. It has been
known that it is convenient to label local gauge invariant operators by
irreducible representations of symmetric groups/Brauer algebras. We first
review the construction of representation bases from the viewpoint of the
enhanced symmetry structure of the free theory. We present a basis of
multi-matrix models using elements of Brauer algebras, generalising our
previous construction for two matrices. We will compute multi-point functions
of the basis with the exact N-dependence. In particular we study three-point
functions of a class of BPS operators, and we find that they are given by a
branching rule of the Brauer algebra. The three-point functions take a
factorised form if representations on the operators satisfy a relation.Comment: 28 pages, typos correcte
Nonplanar integrability at two loops
In this article we compute the action of the two loop dilatation operator on
restricted Schur polynomials that belong to the su(2) sector, in the displaced
corners approximation. In this non-planar large N limit, operators that
diagonalize the one loop dilatation operator are not corrected at two loops.
The resulting spectrum of anomalous dimensions is related to a set of decoupled
harmonic oscillators, indicating integrability in this sector of the theory at
two loops. The anomalous dimensions are a non-trivial function of the 't Hooft
coupling, with a spectrum that is continuous and starting at zero at large N,
but discrete at finite N.Comment: version to appear in JHE
A double coset ansatz for integrability in AdS/CFT
We give a proof that the expected counting of strings attached to giant
graviton branes in AdS_5 x S^5, as constrained by the Gauss Law, matches the
dimension spanned by the expected dual operators in the gauge theory. The
counting of string-brane configurations is formulated as a graph counting
problem, which can be expressed as the number of points on a double coset
involving permutation groups. Fourier transformation on the double coset
suggests an ansatz for the diagonalization of the one-loop dilatation operator
in this sector of strings attached to giant graviton branes. The ansatz agrees
with and extends recent results which have found the dynamics of open string
excitations of giants to be given by harmonic oscillators. We prove that it
provides the conjectured diagonalization leading to harmonic oscillators.Comment: 33 pages, 3 figures; v2: references adde
Beyond the Planar Limit in ABJM
In this article we consider gauge theories with a U(N)X U(N) gauge group. We
provide, for the first time, a complete set of operators built from scalar
fields that are in the bi fundamental of the two groups. Our operators
diagonalize the two point function of the free field theory at all orders in
1/N. We then use this basis to investigate non-planar anomalous dimensions in
the ABJM theory. We show that the dilatation operator reduces to a set of
decoupled harmonic oscillators, signaling integrability in a nonplanar large N
limit.Comment: v2: minor revisison
Surprisingly Simple Spectra
The large N limit of the anomalous dimensions of operators in
super Yang-Mills theory described by restricted Schur polynomials, are studied.
We focus on operators labeled by Young diagrams that have two columns (both
long) so that the classical dimension of these operators is O(N). At large N
these two column operators mix with each other but are decoupled from operators
with columns. The planar approximation does not capture the large N
dynamics. For operators built with 2, 3 or 4 impurities the dilatation operator
is explicitly evaluated. In all three cases, in a certain limit, the dilatation
operator is a lattice version of a second derivative, with the lattice emerging
from the Young diagram itself. The one loop dilatation operator is diagonalized
numerically. All eigenvalues are an integer multiple of and there
are interesting degeneracies in the spectrum. The spectrum we obtain for the
one loop anomalous dimension operator is reproduced by a collection of harmonic
oscillators. This equivalence to harmonic oscillators generalizes giant
graviton results known for the BPS sector and further implies that the
Hamiltonian defined by the one loop large dilatation operator is
integrable. This is an example of an integrable dilatation operator, obtained
by summing both planar and non-planar diagrams.Comment: 34 page
Non-planar Anomalous Dimensions in the sl(2) Sector
In this note we compute the non-planar one loop anomalous dimension of
restricted Schur polynomials that belong to the sl(2) sector of N=4 super
Yang-Mills theory and have a bare dimension of order N. Although the details
are rather different, ultimately the problem of diagonalizing the dilatation
operator in the sl(2) sector can be reduced to the su(2) sector problem. In
this way we establish the expected dynamical emergence of the Gauss Law for
giant gravitons and further show that the dilatation operator reduces to a set
of decoupled harmonic oscillators.Comment: 13 + 1 page
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