Is now the time for molecular driven therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?

INTRODUCTION: Recent genetic and molecular discoveries regarding alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) deeply changed the approach to this lymphoproliferative disorder. Novel additional predictors of outcomes and new therapeutic strategies are being introduced to improve outcomes. Areas covered: This review aims to analyse the recent molecular discoveries in DLBCL, the rationale of novel molecular driven treatments and their impact on DLBCL prognosis, especially in ABC-DLBCL and High Grade B Cell Lymphoma. Pre-clinical and clinical evidences are reviewed to critically evaluate the novel DLBCL management strategies. Expert commentary: New insights in DLBCL molecular characteristics should guide the therapeutic approach; the results of the current studies which are investigating safety and efficacy of novel 'X-RCHOP' will probably lead, in future, to a cell of origin (COO) based upfront therapy. Moreover, it is necessary to identify early patients with DLBCL who carried MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements double hit lymphomas (DHL) because they should not receive standard R-CHOP but high intensity treatment as reported in many retrospective studies. New prospective trials are needed to investigate the more appropriate treatment of DHL

How mental accounting influences the phases of a holiday

openQuesta tesi inizialmente si pone l'obiettivo di definire il concetto di contabilità mentale andando ad individuare dei concetti chiave utili per dare una definizione più ampia possibile. In seguito verrà analizzato come tale contabilità possa influire sulle scelte dei viaggiatori in ogni fase di una vacanza, dalla progettazione al termine.This thesis initially aims to define the concepts of mental accounting by identifying key concepts useful to give the broadest possible definition. Later, it will focus on how this accounting can influence the choices of travelers at every stage of a holiday, from planning to completion

Opciones estratégicas de asociación entre política y religión: modelos de legitimación confesional en la política del Medio Oriente

Este ensayo indaga sobre las posibles opciones estratégicas de asociación entre Política y Religión. Tomando casos de Medio Oriente, se presentan distintos modelos de vinculación entre posturas ofensivas o defensivas y sus combinaciones con posturas religiosas o seculares. Dichas combinaciones entre política y religión serán contrastadas contra ejemplos históricos. La intención última del trabajo reside en, formular modelos de relación Política-Religión como versátiles recursos estratégicos.Mesa: Identidad y procesos políticosInstituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Operatividad política de la táctica terrorista

La táctica terrorista como variante de violencia política, a modo de forma propagandística extrema, ha ganado creciente protagonismo en la política internacional de los últimos 60 años, constituyendo hoy razón y excusa de acciones gubernamentales, tanto interiores como exteriores, de las principales potencias mundiales. La intención de este ensayo reside en analizar el alcance político de la táctica terrorista y su operatividad, en el marco de un propósito político trascendente. La operatividad política esta determinada por la capacidad del actor político, que opta por este tipo de violencia, para reflotar un cleavage anterior –contienda histórica entre socivs et hostis–, enmarcado en un proyecto político –de trasfondo– que lo contiene y explica. No todos los sistemas políticos actuales canalizan eficien los sistemas políticos actuales canalizan eficientemente las demandas; pudiendo dejar insatisfechos a ciertos actores minoritarios.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Opciones estratégicas de asociación entre política y religión: modelos de legitimación confesional en la política del Medio Oriente

Este ensayo indaga sobre las posibles opciones estratégicas de asociación entre Política y Religión. Tomando casos de Medio Oriente, se presentan distintos modelos de vinculación entre posturas ofensivas o defensivas y sus combinaciones con posturas religiosas o seculares. Dichas combinaciones entre política y religión serán contrastadas contra ejemplos históricos. La intención última del trabajo reside en, formular modelos de relación Política-Religión como versátiles recursos estratégicos.Mesa: Identidad y procesos políticosInstituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Operatividad política de la táctica terrorista

La táctica terrorista como variante de violencia política, a modo de forma propagandística extrema, ha ganado creciente protagonismo en la política internacional de los últimos 60 años, constituyendo hoy razón y excusa de acciones gubernamentales, tanto interiores como exteriores, de las principales potencias mundiales. La intención de este ensayo reside en analizar el alcance político de la táctica terrorista y su operatividad, en el marco de un propósito político trascendente. La operatividad política esta determinada por la capacidad del actor político, que opta por este tipo de violencia, para reflotar un cleavage anterior –contienda histórica entre socivs et hostis–, enmarcado en un proyecto político –de trasfondo– que lo contiene y explica. No todos los sistemas políticos actuales canalizan eficien los sistemas políticos actuales canalizan eficientemente las demandas; pudiendo dejar insatisfechos a ciertos actores minoritarios.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Opciones estratégicas de asociación entre política y religión: modelos de legitimación confesional en la política del Medio Oriente

Este ensayo indaga sobre las posibles opciones estratégicas de asociación entre Política y Religión. Tomando casos de Medio Oriente, se presentan distintos modelos de vinculación entre posturas ofensivas o defensivas y sus combinaciones con posturas religiosas o seculares. Dichas combinaciones entre política y religión serán contrastadas contra ejemplos históricos. La intención última del trabajo reside en, formular modelos de relación Política-Religión como versátiles recursos estratégicos.Mesa: Identidad y procesos políticosInstituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Social Influence and Different Types of Red-Light Behaviors among Cyclists

Accident analysis and studies on traffic revealed that cyclists’ violation of red-light regulation is one typical infringement committed by cyclists. Furthermore, an association between cyclists’ crash involvement and red-light violations has been found across different countries. The literature on cyclists’ psychosocial determinants of red-light violation is still scarce. The present study, based on the classification of cyclists’ red-light behavior in risk-taking (ignoring the red-light and traveling through the junction without stopping), opportunistic (waiting at red-lights but being too impatient to wait for green signal and subsequently crossing the junction) and law-obeying (stopping to obey the red-light), adopted an eye-observational methodology to investigate differences in cyclists' crossing behavior at intersections, in relation to traffic light violations and the presence of other cyclists. Based on the social influence explanatory framework, which states that people tend to behave differently in a given situation taking into consideration similar people’s behaviors, and that the effect of social influence is related to the group size, we hypothesized that the number of cyclists at the intersection will have an influence on the cyclists’ behavior. Furthermore, cyclists will be more likely to violate in an opportunistic way when other cyclists are already committing a violation. Two researchers at a time registered unobtrusively at four different intersections during morning and late afternoon peak hour traffic, 1381 cyclists approaching the traffic light during the red phase. The 62.9% violated the traffic control. Results showed that a higher number of cyclists waiting at the intersection is associated with fewer risk-taking violations. Nevertheless, the percentage of opportunistic violation remained high. For the condition of no cyclist present, risk-taking behaviors were significantly higher, whereas, they were significantly lower for conditions of two to four and five or more cyclists present. The percentage of cyclists committing a red-light violation without following any other was higher for those committing a risk-taking violation, whereas those following tended to commit opportunistic violations more often

Use of smartphone and crash risk among cyclists

High percentages of cyclists admit using smartphone devices while cycling. Moreover, such use has been found to be associated with near crashes and crashes, representing a risk factor for cyclists. This study examines the relationship between such type of behaviours, comprising calling and manipulating the screen, and the frequency of near crashes and actual crashes among Italian cyclists. We administered an online survey measuring smartphone-specific violation, errors, near crash and crash to Italian cyclists (N = 298; age range: 19–72). We hypothesised that the relationship between smartphone use and near crashes would be explained by an increase in the number of errors committed, thus increasing the likelihood of being involved in near crashes. Moreover, we hypothesised that near crashes will predict actual crashes. Results of path analysis showed that smartphone-specific violations predicted crashes throughout their consecutive effects on errors and near crashes only in the subsample of men. These findings offer an explanation of how smartphone use contributes to incrementing the likelihood of getting involved in near crashes and actual crashes. To our knowledge, the present study is the first in building a path model explaining how smartphone-specific violations lead to more near crashes among cyclists

Hoes or adzes? Experimental reproduction and uses of deer antler tools from the Bronze Age Terramara of Pragatto (Italy)

This research aimed to evaluate the hypotheses related to the production and possible uses of a class of deer antler tools from the Bronze Age Terramara of Pragatto (Italy). These bevel-ended instruments are traditionally considered handled hoes, related to agricultural purposes such as tillage. The aim of this work was to provide an alternative interpretation of their function, possibly linked to the different morphology of their active areas. A first experimental protocol was developed to create a reference collection of the archaeological antler tools to provide information on the manufacturing technology adopted by the ancient craftsmen approximately 3500 years ago. The second stage of the experiment allowed us to assess the potential versatility of the replicated artefacts from a functional point of view, as some of them have also shown great effectiveness in woodworking activities. The final comparison between traces through a microscopic analysis of the surfaces was essential to support this latter functional hypothesis. This study allowed us to determine which tools and methods were required to produce these artefacts and, ultimately, to identify their possible multifunctions, offering perspectives in understanding their economic role within the Pragatto population