Ground settlement induced by tunnel boring in stiff clay

Izvođenje tunela u vodom zasićenom tlu izaziva u tlu promjene naprezanja i deformacija koje prije svega ovise o mehaničkim karakteristikama tla u zoni izgradnje tunela. U ovom radu su prognozirane kratkotrajne i dugotrajne deformacije tla te naročito slijeganja na površini terena nakon izvedbe tunela. Navedene prognoze su dobivene pomoću široko primjenjivanog numeričkog modela tla koji vjerno opisuje rezultate troosnih ispitivanja, uz primjenu postojećih postupaka određivanja parametara tla, ali uzimajući u obzir njegovu prirodnu heterogenost uočljivu kroz heterogenost prirodne vlažnosti gline.Tunnel construction in water saturated soil causes changes in stress and strain of soil, which is primarily dependant on mechanical properties of soil in the tunnel construction zone. The paper presents a prediction of short-term and long-term deformations of soil, with a particular emphasis on ground surface settlements after the tunnel construction. The aforementioned predictions were made using a widely applicable numerical soil model that accurately describes the results of triaxial tests, in combination with the existing procedures for determination of soil parameters, taking at that into account natural heterogeneity of the soil as observed through heterogeneity of natural moisture of clay

The effect of tunnelling work on the stability of approach cutting

U radu se opisuje stanje kada se u području predusjeka tunela nalaze dvije geotehničke konstrukcije, predusjek i tunel, u istom području djelovanja. Odgovara se na pitanje utjecaja iskopa tunela na stabilnost pokosa predusjeka. Prikazuje se proračun deformacija upotrebom numeričkog trodimenzijskoga modela, koji simulira stvarni proces iskopa predusjeka i tunela, kao i prijedlog tehnoloških rješenja za smanjenje utjecaja iskopa tunela na stabilnost pokosa u zoni predusjeka.The situation when two geotechnical structures, the approach cutting and tunnel, are situated in the same area of action, i.e. in the approach cutting zone of the tunnel, is described in the paper. The influence of tunnelling work on the stability of the approach cutting is studied. The strain analysis based on the three-dimensional numerical model, which simulates the actual approach cutting and tunnelling work, is presented. The technogical solution for reducing the tunnelling work impact on slope stability in the approach cutting zone is also proposed

THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INOCULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Predsjetvenom bakterizacijom sjemena graška u tlo se unosi selekcionirana, visokoučinkovita populacija kvržičnih bakterija pri čemu se nastoji iskoristiti što veći potencijal simbiotske fiksacije dušika u cilju ostvarivanja što većih prinosa. Bakterizacija je osim toga i okolišno prihvatljiv ali i ekonomski opravdan postupak u uzgoju graška i drugih leguminoza. S ciljem utvrđivanja djelotvornosti bakterizacije provedeno je istraživanje o utjecaju vrsta Rhizobium pisi i Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viciae na dva kultivara graška uz tri razine gnojidbe mineralnim dušikom dok su praćeni parametri uključivali ostvarenu biomasu, nodulaciju i prinos. Bakterizacijom s R. leguminosarum sv. viciae ostvaren je najveći broj i suha masa kvržica na kultivaru Alicia dok je kultivar Čudo Amerike u nodulaciji kompatibilniji s R. pisi. Najveći prinos zrna graška ostvaren je bakterizacijom sjemena graška s R. leguminosarum sv. viciae na oba ispitana kultivara uz primjenu 30 - 60 kg N ha-1. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju i na potrebu korištenja više djelotvornih ali kompatibilnih Rhizobium vrsta i sojeva u sredstvima za bakterizaciju graška kako bi se povećale prednosti koje ova zajednica donosi.With inoculation of peas seed selected, highly effective rhizobia populations are introduced in to the soil to harness the potential of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in order to achieve the highest possible yields. Inoculation is environmentally friendly and economically a justified process in the cultivation of peas and other legumes. Research study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of inoculation with Rhizobium pisi and Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viciae in two varieties of peas with three levels of mineral nitrogen fertilization, while the monitored parameters included realized biomass, nodulation and yield. The highest number and dry weight of nodules was recorded on the cultivar Alicia by inoculation with R. leguminosarum sv. viciae, while cultivar American Wonder in nodulation was compatible with R. pisi. The highest yields of a peas were achieved with seed inoculation with R. leguminosarum sv. viciae on both tested cultivars together with the use of 30 to 60 kg N ha-1. The research results also indicate the need to use several effective but compatible Rhizobium species and strains in the inoculation of peas with the aim of maximizing the benefits of this community

FLOOD PROTECTION - RETENTION

Ovim radom prikazana je problematika sustava obrane od poplava srednjeg Posavlja rijeke Save putem retencija. Cilj retencija je da rasterete vodni val u svoje retenciono područje, a zatim ga kontrolirano ispuštaju. Retencije srednjeg Posavlja na rijeci Savi su Odransko polje i Zelenik s desne strane te Žutica, Lonjsko polje, Opeka, Trstik i Mokro polje s lijeve strane. Rad je podijeljen u nekoliko cjelina. U uvodu je definirana osnovna problematika sustava obrane od poplave i općenita problematika rada. U drugoj cjelini objašnjene su karakteristike sustava, kako je tekao razvitak sustava kroz povijest te koji su osnovni dijelovi sustava obrane od poplave putem retencija. Treća cjelina govori o retencijama te obrađuje svaku pojedinu retenciju na Savi u sustavu obrane od poplava srednjeg Posavlja. Četvrta cjelina bavi se proračunom kojim se pokazuje može li retencija Mokro polje prihvatiti poplavni val koji nailazi u određenom razdoblju. Na kraju se nalazi zaključak kojim je prikazan osvrt na rad u cjelini.This study presents the problematics of controlling floods caused by the river Sava in ˝srednje Posavlje˝ area through retentions. The goal is to relieve the flood wave in its retention area and then to discharge it in a controlled way. Retentions of the“ srednje Posavlje“ area on the Sava river are: Odransko polje and Zelenik on the right side and Žutica, Lonjsko polje, Opeka, Trstik and Mokro polje of the left side. The work is divided into several sections. The introduction defines basic problematics of flood control and general problematics of the paper itself. In the second section, characteristics of flood control are explained, how the system itself changed and developed through history and which are the main parts of flood control system through retentions. The third section deals with retentions in general but also describes each retention's general purpose on the river Sava when dealing with flood control on the srednje Posavlje area. The fourth section deals with analyses showing whether retention Mokro polje could or could not accept flood waves flooding its area in given periods of time. At the end of the study there's a conclusion showing an overview of the work as a whole

FLOOD PROTECTION - RETENTION

Ovim radom prikazana je problematika sustava obrane od poplava srednjeg Posavlja rijeke Save putem retencija. Cilj retencija je da rasterete vodni val u svoje retenciono područje, a zatim ga kontrolirano ispuštaju. Retencije srednjeg Posavlja na rijeci Savi su Odransko polje i Zelenik s desne strane te Žutica, Lonjsko polje, Opeka, Trstik i Mokro polje s lijeve strane. Rad je podijeljen u nekoliko cjelina. U uvodu je definirana osnovna problematika sustava obrane od poplave i općenita problematika rada. U drugoj cjelini objašnjene su karakteristike sustava, kako je tekao razvitak sustava kroz povijest te koji su osnovni dijelovi sustava obrane od poplave putem retencija. Treća cjelina govori o retencijama te obrađuje svaku pojedinu retenciju na Savi u sustavu obrane od poplava srednjeg Posavlja. Četvrta cjelina bavi se proračunom kojim se pokazuje može li retencija Mokro polje prihvatiti poplavni val koji nailazi u određenom razdoblju. Na kraju se nalazi zaključak kojim je prikazan osvrt na rad u cjelini.This study presents the problematics of controlling floods caused by the river Sava in ˝srednje Posavlje˝ area through retentions. The goal is to relieve the flood wave in its retention area and then to discharge it in a controlled way. Retentions of the“ srednje Posavlje“ area on the Sava river are: Odransko polje and Zelenik on the right side and Žutica, Lonjsko polje, Opeka, Trstik and Mokro polje of the left side. The work is divided into several sections. The introduction defines basic problematics of flood control and general problematics of the paper itself. In the second section, characteristics of flood control are explained, how the system itself changed and developed through history and which are the main parts of flood control system through retentions. The third section deals with retentions in general but also describes each retention's general purpose on the river Sava when dealing with flood control on the srednje Posavlje area. The fourth section deals with analyses showing whether retention Mokro polje could or could not accept flood waves flooding its area in given periods of time. At the end of the study there's a conclusion showing an overview of the work as a whole

AGRICULTURE IN NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION: proceedings & abstracts 10th international scientifi c/professional conference

PROGRAM: PLENARY SECTION, Livestock, Plant production, Agricultural technology, Agroeconomics and informatics