The relationship between upper mantle anisotropic structures beneath California, transpression, and absolute plate motions

We calculated SKS splitting parameters for the California Integrated Seismic Network. In southern California, we also estimated splitting in the upper 100 km using azimuthal anisotropy determined from surface waves. The inferred splitting from surface waves in the mantle lithosphere is small (on average < 0.2 s) compared with SKS splitting (1.5 s) and obtains a maximum value (0.5 s) in the transpressive region of the Big Bend, south of, and aligned with, the San Andreas Fault (SAF). In contrast, the SKS splitting is approximately E-W and is relatively uniform spatially either side of the Big Bend of the SAF. These differences suggest that most of the SKS splitting is generated much deeper (down to 300–400 km) than previously thought, probably in the asthenosphere. Fast directions align with absolute plate motions (APM) in northern and southeastern California but not in southwestern California. We interpret the parallelism with APM as indicating the SKS anisotropy is caused by cumulative drag of the asthenosphere by the overlying plates. The discrepancy in southwestern California arises from the diffuse boundary there compared to the north, where relative plate motion has concentrated near the SAF system. In southern California the relative motion originated offshore in the Borderlands and gradually transitioned onshore to the SAF system. This has given rise to smaller displacement across the SAF (160–180 km) compared with central and northern California (400–500 km). Thus, in southwestern California the inherited anisotropy, from prior North American APM, has not yet been overprinted by Pacific APM

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Oscillation pressure device for dynamic calibration of pressure transducers

Method and apparatus for obtaining dynamic calibrations of pressure transducers. A calibration head (15), a flexible tubing (23) and a bellows (20) enclose a volume of air at atmospheric pressure with a transducer (11) to be calibrated subject to the pressure inside the volume. All of the other apparatus in the drawing apply oscillations to bellows (20) causing the volume to change thereby applying oscillating pressures to transducer (11) whereby transducer (11) can be calibrated

The History of the Department of Photography & Cinema of The Ohio State University

Prepared for the Centennial of The Ohio State University

Recessed label panels - Another view

In response to K. F. Hahn's article on label recesses, the stress analyses were repeated for lightweight, non-refillable glass containers rather than open cylinders. Although recessed label panels induce stress concentrators at the ends of the label panel, they are not the highest stresses generated on the outside surface of the bottle. The maximum stress occurs in the bottom region of the container, yet bottles rarely fail in this highly stressed region. The recessed nature of the push-up feature in the bottom region of a glass container guards against surface abuse. The same justification applies for the label panels in the sidewall region of the container. In spite of the stress concentrators, the recessed nature of label panels protects the glass surface in the panel from abuse and hence failure. With the introduction of recessed panels into a bottle design, the shoulder and heel contact heights become natural contact sites and susceptible to handling damage. However, stresses at the shoulder and heel contact heights are reduced by the presence of the recessed panels. Thus, the performance of such a bottle will then be enhanced by confining surface damage to regions of low stress and regions of high stress from possible surface damage

Development Of A Friction Element For Metal Forming Analysis

A three-dimensional finite element friction element has been developed. The friction element has been used in the analysis of round-to-square forward extrusion.Comparison with some limited experimental data is presented. © 1982 by ASME

Farming Freshwater Shrimp.

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A Plastic Stress Analysis Of Cylindrical Wafers Under Elastically Deformable Compression Plates

This paper represents an analysis of the pressure distribution occurring in axially loaded cylindrical wafers with, and without, elastic radial constraints. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the resulting stress patterns that occur in short compression specimens frequently used in determining material properties, and in the opposed-anvil, or Bridgman-type, high-pressure cells. The influence of radial constraints, material strain hardening, wafer diameter-to-height ratio, anvil or plate deflection, and the wafer-anvil interface friction on the resulting stress distributions have been examined. The integrated normal stress distribution across the specimen surface has been verified experimentally via numerous tests in which each of the subject parameters listed above was varied. © 1967 by ASME

The effects of caffein on dark adaptation

Caffein ingestion increases scotopic sensitivity during dark adaptation. The influence is seen with both large (2°26\u27) and small (11.5\u27) test stimuli. This indicates that the caffein effect is not due to changes in spatial summation. Since the effect peaks about 20 minutes after onset of dark adaptation, there may be a greater effect on the kinetics of dark adaptation than on the overall sensitivity of the visual system