Edward Shorter and David Healy. Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007. 398 pp. $27.95 (cloth). ISBN 978-0813541693

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71359/1/20431_ftp.pd

Sex and Gender in Psychiatry: A View From History

Although physicians have attempted for centuries to uncover the biological differences between men and women with regard to mental illness, they continue to face the challenges of untangling biological factors from social and cultural ones. This article uses examples from history to illustrate three common problems in trying to establish biological differences: identifying factors as sex-based when they are really gender-based; overlooking changes in masculine and feminine roles over time; and placing too great an emphasis on hormones. By using the benefit of hindsight to identify problems from the past, we can think more critically about these issues in the present and the future.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83269/1/Gender.JMH.LDH.pd

Science, Gender, and the Emergence of Depression in American Psychiatry, 1950-1980

Between the first (1952) and the third (1980) editions of psychiatry’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, depression emerged as a specific disease category with concrete criteria. In this article, I analyze this change over time in psychiatric theory and diagnosis through an examination of medication trials and category formation. Throughout, I pay particular attention to the ways in which psychiatrists and researchers invoked science in their clinical trials and disease theories, as well as the ways in which gender played an important but largely unspoken role in the formation of a category of depression.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83270/1/LDH science gender.pd

History, Memory, and Profession: A View of American Psychiatry Through the APA Presidents, 1844-2004

The address of the retiring president of the American Psychiatric Association has been a traditional part of the annual meeting of the association since 1883. The presidential address, which has explicitly been exempted from general discussion or criticism, has become an opportunity for the elected leader of the association to reflect on the state of the profession. Over the last 120 years, the presidents of the association have hemselves engaged with the history of psychiatry in ways that reflect the changes in psychiatry of the time. In the process, memory has served a professionalizing purpose, as some aspects of psychiatry’s history have been remembered while others have not. In the presidential addresses, history is not just a story about the past but also a story about psychiatry’s self-definition and its future.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83266/1/LDH history memory.pd

The Flapper and the Fogy: Representations of Gender and Age in the 1920s

In the 1920s in the United States, public attention was riveted on the antics of a new, rebellious younger generation. Although popular representations focused on youth in crisis, these representations emphasized comparisons between young and old. This article explores the public discussions about youth culture in the 1920s and how they helped to refine cultural categories of youth and old age. In addition, through gender-specific representations, social commentators worked out new definitions of masculinity, femininity, and the relationships between the sexes. Furthermore, the rhetorical conflict between generations of Americans helped to frame important contemporary questions about national identity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83264/1/LDH flapper.pd

William Osler and The Fixed Period: Conflicting Medical and Popular Ideas about Old Age

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83267/1/LDH Osler.pd