Influence of the symbolic interaction theory in the violation of discourse principles

Sisenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2000-2001)This article tries to show the relationship between the violation of discourse principles, the presumptions, and knowledge of interview participants. In order to show this relationship we have based our study on the Symbolic Interaction Theory. According to this theory interviewer and respondent exhibit a kind of reflexive intelligence as they negotiate the meaning of questions on the one hand, and the meaning of answers on the other. Interview participants use discourse principles in order to express the right meaning or to hide the real meaning, according to their presumption. Finally, we can affirm that both the Symbolic Interaction Theory and the Principle of Relevance are based on the same presumption

Automatic error classification with multiple error labels

Although automatic classification of machine translation errors still cannot provide the same detailed granularity as manual error classification, it is an important task which enables estimation of translation errors and better understanding of the analysed MT system, in a short time and on a large scale. State-of-the-art methods use hard decisions to assign single error labels to each word. This work presents first results of a new error classification method, which assigns multiple error labels to each word. We assign fractional counts for each label, which can be interpreted as a confidence for the label. Our method generates sensible multi-error suggestions, and improves the correlation between manual and automatic error distributions

Diagnosis and treatment of lipodystrophy: a step‑by‑step approach

Aim : Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare heterogeneous disorders characterized by defciency of adipose tissue, usually a decrease in leptin levels and, frequently, severe metabolic abnormalities including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Purpose : To describe the clinical presentation of known types of lipodystrophy, and suggest specifc steps to recognize, diagnose and treat lipodystrophy in the clinical setting. Methods : Based on literature and in our own experience, we propose a stepwise approach for diagnosis of the diferent subtypes of rare lipodystrophy syndromes, describing its more frequent co-morbidities and establishing the therapeutical approach. Results : Lipodystrophy is classifed as genetic or acquired and by the distribution of fat loss, which can be generalized or partial. Genes associated with many congenital forms of lipodystrophy have been identifed that may assist in diagnosis. Because of its rarity and heterogeneity, lipodystrophy may frequently be unrecognized or misdiagnosed, which is concerning because it is progressive and its complications are potentially life threatening. A basic diagnostic algorithm is proposed. Efective management of lipodystrophy includes lifestyle changes and aggressive, evidence-based treatment of comorbidities. Leptin replacement therapy (metreleptin) has been found to improve metabolic parameters in many patients with lipodystrophy. Metreleptin is approved in the United States as replacement therapy to treat the complications of leptin defciency in patients with congenital or acquired generalized lipodystrophy and has been submitted for approval in Europe. Conclusions : Here, we describe the clinical presentation of known types of lipodystrophy, present an algorithm for diferential diagnosis of lipodystrophy, and suggest specifc steps to recognize and diagnose lipodystrophy in the clinical setting.S

Smart city's power system control

El proyecto Smart City’s Power System Control tiene cómo uno de los objetivos estudiar la viabilidad del autoconsumo de una urbanización, en Vilafranca del Penedés en concreto en el sector SUD-3. Este autoconsumo se llevo a cabo alimentado la urbanización con módulos de cogeneración y energía solar fotovoltaica. Para cumplir este objetivo se hizo un estudio energético de la potencia total demanda por todas las cargas de la urbanización. El resultado nos dio una potencia eléctrica demandada de 12 MW. A partir de este estudio se decidió utilizar treinta módulos CHP CE 400 NA y cuarenta y tres mil seis cientos noventa y dos paneles fotovoltaicos A-250p. El motivo por el cual se eligió estos módulos de cogeneración fue porque son los más económicos, el precio del combustible es más barato que la electricidad y emiten menos CO2. Estos módulos también se utilizaron para calentar el agua caliente sanitaria de los edificios, esto recibe el nombre de cogeneración. La estructura de la red eléctrica de distribución la realizamos en anillo para tener menos pérdidas y en caso de anomalía asegurar el suministro. Toda la estructura fue diseñada con el programa Power Wolrd, en el cual se puede apreciar toda la distribución en anillo y que sucedería en caso de fallo. La razón por la cual se opto por realizar una instalación de paneles fotovoltaicos es porque en la ubicación en la cual se encuentra, tenemos un gran nivel de radiación solar. Contamos con una gran superficie de tejado útil teniendo en cuenta el 65% de superficie que se puede utilizar según la normativa. Para realizar el estudio del número de paneles solares y su inclinación se utilizó el programa PVGIS. Como en todo proyecto se realizo un estudio de amortización de las instalaciones. Se comparó el precio del combustible si utilizáramos la red eléctrica o los módulos de cogeneración y el precio de instalar diez y siete transformadores o treinta módulos de cogeneración. Nuestro proyecto se podría llegar amortizar en poco más de tres años. Por otra parte toda esta energía demanda y generada se tiene que controlar de alguna manera. Este fue el motivo por el que decidimos hacer un estudio de los requisitos básicos de regulación de la generación de electricidad para poder gestionar la potencia que necesita la urbanización en cada momento dependiendo de la demanda. Este estudio se creó a partir del programa Matlab. Se puede observar a tiempo real la demanda de consumo que tiene nuestra urbanización y como lo gestiona para que sea alimentada. También se puede ver el número de generadores que se necesitan en cada momento para generar esta energía y la potencia generada por los paneles fotovoltaicos a tiempo real. En el estudio se estipulo la prioridad de utilizar la energía solar fotovoltaica. Antes de ponernos a programar el estudio se tuvo que analizar los consumos diarios de las cargas en la urbanización. Con este analisis se realizo el despacho económico para más tarde implementarlo en el estudio de regulación. Se tuvo que pensar en varias estrategias para controlar cuantos módulos de cogeneración se utilizarían en cada instante de tiempo. La estrategia que se siguió fue ir encendiendo respectivamente los módulos dependiendo de la demanda en cada momento y de esta manera te aseguras que funcionan a un 90% de su rendimiento ya que de esta forma funcionan en su punto óptimo de trabajo. Para ello se utilizo la curva de funcionamiento de los módulos

CFD Simulation of Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Surface

Two-dimensional simulations of laminar film condensation on a vertical surface are presented. A modified version of the interFoam solver present in OpenFOAM was developed, in order to take into account for energy and mass transfer. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to track the vapor-liquid interface, with the effects of interfacial stress, gravity and surface tension being considered. Concerning the mass transfer model between phases, several models are used in the literature. Some authors have chosen empiric models, which incorporate some parameters that must be tuned by trial and error. The right estimate of those parameters is essential, since excessively high values lead to numerical convergence problems, while too small values cause a significant deviation between interfacial and saturation temperatures. The model used in this work forces the equilibrium state in the interface cells, in a dynamic way, which allows mesh independence to be achieved. The obtained numerical results are compared against analytical results from Nusselt theory. The present numerical model is able to reproduce satisfactorily not only the Nusselt theory predictions, but additional effects (not included in that theory), namely, inertial forces, convective terms and interfacial shear stresses

Easily Solving Dynamic Programming Problems in Haskell by Memoization of Hylomorphisms

Dynamic Programming is a well known algorithmic technique that solves problems by a combination of dividing a problem into subproblems and using memoization to avoid an exponential growth of the costs. We show how to implement Dynamic Programming in Haskell using a variation of hylomorphisms that includes memoization. Our implementation uses polymorphism so the same function can return the best score or the solution to the problem based on the type of the returned value

The never−ending problem of Miocene beaver taxonomy

The finds of Miocene beavers are not rare at all. Neverthe− less, in most localities these rodents are only represented by a few dental elements, so that large collections are only occa− sionally available to researchers. Hence, the description of sufficiently large samples, such as the recently published de− scription of Steneofiber depereti from Hambach 6C (NW Germany, MN5) by Mörs and Stefen (2010), deserves the greatest attention. After a comprehensive description and comparison of the material, these authors conclude that pre− vious citations of the beaver Chalicomys jaegeri from the MN4 to MN6 (early to middle Miocene) are misidentifica− tions of the genus Steneofiber. Following Stefen (2009), these authors further question the validity of all the known Chali− comys species from the later middle Miocene (MN7+8). We agree with these authors that the occurrence of C. jaegeri in the middle Miocene is doubtful, but we disagree with their arguments for the synonymization of several species. Here we address this point and discuss the taxonomic criteria for distinguishing both genera, further reviewing the taxonomy of the genus Chalicomys at the species level