Association Between Perceived Discriminatory Experience and Poor Self-Rated Health, South Korea, 2004 (n = 11,544).

<p>Association Between Perceived Discriminatory Experience and Poor Self-Rated Health, South Korea, 2004 (n = 11,544).</p

Prevalence of Main Reasons for Perceived Discriminatory Experience After Stratified by Gender, South Korea, 2004.

a<p>Prevalence of perceived discriminatory experience in each situation.</p>b<p>Since respondents are allowed to answer multiple causes, the sum of proportion in each situation can be added up to over 100%.</p>c<p>The number of respondents for each questions after excluding the respondents who answered “Not applicable”.</p>d<p>P-value: Chi-square test about the difference of prevalence of perceived discriminatory experience between men and women in each situation (Legend: * p<.05;** p<.01;</p><p>***p<.001).</p

General Methodology for the Preparation of Unsymmetrical α‑Linked Bisenones via Ligandless Cross-Coupling Reactions

A stereocontrolled Stille cross-coupling reaction, involving the use of Pd₂dba₃, provides a general procedure for the synthesis of unsymmetrical α-linked bisenone systems. The transformation is achieved in the absence of phosphine ligands under conditions that promote the stabilization of “ligandless” palladium catalysis. The extension of these studies illustrates Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of 2-boryl-2-cyclohexen-1-one with iodide and triflate partners for the synthesis of novel electron-deficient 1,3-dienes

Total Synthesis of (+)-Ileabethoxazole via an Iron-Mediated Pauson–Khand [2 + 2 + 1] Carbocyclization

Studies describe the total synthesis of (+)-ileabethoxazole (<b>1</b>) using a Stille cross-coupling reaction of propargylic stannanes with 5-iodo-1,3-oxazoles to produce 1,1-disubstituted allenes (<b>11</b>). An iron-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] carbocyclization yields a novel cyclopentenone for elaboration to <b>1</b>. Site-selective palladium insertion reactions allow for regiocontrolled substitutions of the heterocycle. Asymmetric copper hydride reductions are examined, and strategies for the formation of the central aromatic ring are discussed

Total Synthesis of Neodolastane Diterpenes Trichoaurantianolides C and D

The first total synthesis of trichoaurantianolides C and D is described. An enantiocontrolled pathway leads to rapid construction of the tricyclic carbon skeleton and establishes the <i>trans</i>-dimethyl geometry of the quaternary bridgehead carbons via a reductive cyclization. Application of the π-allyl Stille cross-coupling leads to a nonracemic allylic alcohol as a prerequisite for the introduction of asymmetry in the cycloheptane system. Two strategies have been examined for elaboration of the unsaturated tetrahydrofuranyl ring from a common tricyclic intermediate. These efforts reveal a number of unanticipated issues of reactivity and significant stereochemical requirements for a novel acyloin rearrangement as well as the elimination and cyclodehydration of chiral α-hydroxy ketones. Key reactions leading to completion of the synthesis include the stereoselective addition of isopropenyllithium TMEDA complex and a facile chemoselective oxidation with selenium dioxide

A Stereoselective MichaelMannich Annelation Strategy for the Construction of Novel Tetrahydro­carbazoles

A novel annelation strategy has been devised for stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. The pathway features a regio- and stereocontrolled condensation of indole and its substituted derivatives with electron-deficient 1,3-dienes via a Michael–Mannich reaction sequence. An extension of this method to include cross-conjugated allenes as substrates also results in a Michael–Mannich–Michael cascade, incorporating 2 equiv of indole with increasing product complexity. The formal 4π + 2π cyclization describes a concise route to polycyclic alkaloids of this family

A Stereoselective MichaelMannich Annelation Strategy for the Construction of Novel Tetrahydro­carbazoles

A novel annelation strategy has been devised for stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. The pathway features a regio- and stereocontrolled condensation of indole and its substituted derivatives with electron-deficient 1,3-dienes via a Michael–Mannich reaction sequence. An extension of this method to include cross-conjugated allenes as substrates also results in a Michael–Mannich–Michael cascade, incorporating 2 equiv of indole with increasing product complexity. The formal 4π + 2π cyclization describes a concise route to polycyclic alkaloids of this family

Studies for the Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide P

A convergent, enantiocontrolled total synthesis of the 15-membered macrolide, amphidinolide P, is described. The synthesis utilizes three nonracemic components for an efficient assembly of the macrolactone in 12 steps via the longest linear pathway. Key developments include studies of the Hosomi–Sakurai reaction for the formation of the C₆–C₇ bond, a “ligandless” palladium-mediated Stille cross-coupling of the vinylic stannane <b>4</b> and the alkenyl bromide <b>5</b> to produce a highly functionalized dienol, and a thermally induced, intramolecular lactonization via the late-stage formation of an intermediate α-acylketene

Action spectra of mouse photoreceptors, GCaMP6s, ChrimsonR, and light sources for FACILE.

<p>Normalized action spectra of mouse photoreceptor opsins, melanopsin, ChrimsonR, GCaMP6s excitation and emission, and measured spectra of light sources: 488 nm GCaMP6s excitation laser, and 365 nm and 620 nm stimulating LEDs.</p

All-optical recording and stimulation of retinal neurons <i>in vivo</i> in retinal degeneration mice

<div><p>Here we demonstrate the application of a method that could accelerate the development of novel therapies by allowing direct and repeatable visualization of cellular function in the living eye, to study loss of vision in animal models of retinal disease, as well as evaluate the time course of retinal function following therapeutic intervention. We use high-resolution adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy to image fluorescence from the calcium sensor GCaMP6s. In mice with photoreceptor degeneration (rd10), we measured restored visual responses in ganglion cell layer neurons expressing the red-shifted channelrhodopsin ChrimsonR over a six-week period following significant loss of visual responses. Combining a fluorescent calcium sensor, a channelrhodopsin, and adaptive optics enables all-optical stimulation and recording of retinal neurons in the living eye. Because the retina is an accessible portal to the central nervous system, our method also provides a novel non-invasive method of dissecting neuronal processing in the brain.</p></div