4,502 research outputs found
Theory of PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3 Surfaces
First-principles total-energy calculations are carried out for (001) surfaces
of the cubic perovskite ATiO3 compounds PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3. Both
AO-terminated and TiO2-terminated surfaces are considered, and fully-relaxed
atomic configurations are determined. In general, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 are found
to have a rather similar behavior, while PbTiO3 is different in many respects
because of the partially covalent character of the Pb-O bonds. PbTiO3 and
BaTiO3 are ferroelectrics, and the influence of the surface upon the
ferroelectric distortions is studied for the case of a tetragonal ferroelectric
distortion parallel to the surface. The surface relaxation energies are found
to be substantial, i.e., many times larger than the bulk ferroelectric well
depth. Nevertheless, the influence of the surface upon the ferroelectric order
parameter is modest, and is qualitatively as well as quantitatively different
for the two materials. Surface energies and electronic properties are also
computed. It is found that for BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 surfaces, both AO-terminated
and TiO2-terminated surfaces can be thermodynamically stable, whereas for
PbTiO3 only the PbO surface termination is stable.Comment: 13 pages with 3 postscript figures embedded. Uses REVTEX and epsf
macros. Also available at
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/index.html#bm_pbsur
Alineamiento, desalineamiento y realineamiento en los distritos federales, 1997, 2000 y 2003
Este artículo es una continuación del que fuera publicado en esta misma revista en el núm. 14, titulado: "Competitividad electoral en distritos federales 1997, 2000 y 2003". Al revisarlo ya impreso surgieron algunas preguntas a las cuales se les dará respuesta en esta segunda parte. El artículo describe las victorias de los tres principales partidos políticos de 1997 al 2003 en los 300 distritos federales según tipo de distrito, como conceptos base se encuentran el alineamiento, desalineamiento y realineamiento. Además, en esta ocasión surgen nuevas variables para considerar en las próximas elecciones cómo: la nueva re-distritación que elabora el IFE
Movilidad electoral 2006-2012 en el Estado de México
La investigación es sobre la movilidad electoral de las elecciones federales en el Estado de México de 2006, 2009, 2012. El objetivo es encontrar a través de los triunfos y derrotas de los partidos políticos en los 40 distritos federales, los distritos alineados, los desplazamientos, los reposicionamientos y, eventualmente, la volatilidad electoral. Además se agregan a los 40 distritos las clasificaciones de urbano, rural y mixto para descubrir, como principal conclusión, que la idea de que el Partido Revolucionario Institucional predominaba en las zonas rurales y la oposición, Partido Acción Nacional y Partido de la Revolución Democrática, en las urbanas no se cumple para estas elecciones y en esta entidad durante dos elecciones presidenciales y una elección de diputados federales. La metodología usada se basó en el análisis estadístico, y el método histórico junto a la teoría del realineamiento electoral
The Logic & Limits of the Exceptional Circumstances Test in Magill and IMS Health
In this Article, we show that, in contrast to the Commission\u27s balancing approach in Microsoft, the ECJ\u27s narrow construction of the obligation to license IP under Article 82 of the EC Treaty is based on sound economics and constitutes appropriate public policy. The set of “exceptional circumstances” listed in Magill and IMS Health constitutes a reasonable implementation of the optimal legal standard for the assessment of refusals to licence IP: modified per se legality. In the IP context, an obligation to make property available is a requirement for compulsory licensing. The ECJ test limits compulsory licensing to those situations in which the prospective social benefits of licensing are large, while the negative effects of reducing the incentives to innovate are small. The ECJ test ensures that intervention is restricted to cases where the intervention is still likely to increase social welfare. The Commission\u27s test in Microsoft, being a balancing test, does not. As noted by Professor Gerardin, “balancing ex ante vs. ex post efficiencies is obviously a very difficult process, which even the most sophisticated economists may find daunting. The risk of mistaken decisions is therefore high.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the TM6 MADS-box gene in the octoploid strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
El contenido del poster presentado está desarrollado en: doi:10.1093/jxb/ery400 y
Publicado por Oxford University pressThe B-class of MADS-box transcription factors has been studied in many plant species, but
remain functionally uncharacterized in the Rosaceae family. APETALA3 (AP3), a member of this
class, controls the identity of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we identified
two members of the AP3 lineage in the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa): FaAP3
and FaTM6. Interestingly, FaTM6, and not FaAP3, shows an expression pattern equivalent to that
of AP3 in Arabidopsis. Genome editing using Cluster Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is becoming a robust tool for targeted and stable mutagenesis
of DNA. However, whether it can be efficiently used in an octoploid species such as F. × ananassa
is not known. In our study, we report the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 in F. × ananassa to
characterize the function of FaTM6 in flower development. An exhaustive analysis by high-throughput
sequencing of the FaTM6 locus spanning the target sites showed a high efficiency genome
editing already in the T0 generation. The phenotypic characterization of the mutant lines
indicates that FaTM6 plays a key role in petal and especially in anther development in strawberry.
Our results validate the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy for gene functional analysis in an octoploid
species such as F. × ananassa, and offer new opportunities for engineering strawberry to improve
traits of interest in breeding programs.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
The Influence of the Lists of Virtues and Vices in the Jewish Literature of the First Century
Biblical texts were part of a broader literary context. Indeed, the Greco-Roman literature influenced of the first century the intertestamental literature and other Jewish Apocryphal books. One of these influences was the lists of virtues and vices from the popular philosophical schools of the time. These lists presented a group of attitudes and behaviors that should be applied or rejected for the proper functioning of society. Different Jewish groups of the Second Temple Period adapted such lists to their teachings, presenting, in a concise manner, those attitudes that did not correspond to their vocation, as well as confirming the morality proper of the “people of the covenant.
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