The design and application of a personal printer/scanner system

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-47).A prototype system for concurrent printing and scanning of documents has been constructed. By taking a personal computer ink-jet printer and modifying it to include a line-scan sensor, major benefits are derived. Both conventional printers and scanners contain mechanisms for moving either documents, sensors or mirrors. Combining a printer and a scanner into a single device offers a potential reduction in cost because the printer's mechanisms then serve a double duty. A scanner makes available to the personal computer user established commercial applications such as image digitization and facsimile. Moreover, unique document processing features are possible when a scanner is present in a printing device. With documents already containing some information, intelligent printing annotation can be performed. For example, a previously scanned and digitized picture can be printed on a new document already containing text and open space. Scaling, positioning and printing of the digitized picture to fit within the open space is archived through scanning and analyzing the new document. The physical and functional characteristics of the printer/scanner system are described. Principles relevant to the design, construction and application of the printer/scanner are given, and present and future applications discussed.by Jeffrey David Keast.M.S.V.S

Values in the Decision Making of CEOs in Public Colleges

The effective administration of postsecondary education depends, to a significant degree, upon sound and systematic judgments by educational leaders in key administrative roles. The view taken in this paper is that "sound judgment" is comprised of rational decision processes combined with basic value choices. Yet, to date, one notices a conspicuous lack of research on decisions and values in higher education. The need for such research may be urgent, given our present climate of rapid change and economic restraint. This study examines the decision making and values of CEOs in public colleges. The paper provides an overview and comparison of types of decisions made, the processes used in decision making, and the value choices which influence those decisions.L a qualité de l'administration dans le domaine de l'éducation postsecondaire dépend en bonne part de la qualité et de la logique des choix d s dirigeants aux postes clef des institutions d'enseignement . On considère dans le présent article qu'un "bon choix " découle d'un processus de décision rationnel combiné à l'adoption de certaines valeurs de base . La recherche sur les décisions et les valeurs dans le domaine de l'éducation supérieure fait pourtant défaut . Or, dans le contexte actuel de changements rapides et de rigueur économique , c'est une recherche qu'il peut être urgent d'entreprendre . On se penche dans la présente étude sur les prises e décision et les valeurs adoptée  par les présidents de collèges publics . L'article est une vue d'ensemble et une comparaison des types de décisions prises, des processus à l'œuvre dans la prise de décision et des valeurs adoptées qui influent sur ces décisions

Studying Part-Time at University: From Research to Policy to Practice

In the last few years universities in Canada have seen a noticeable decline in part-time enrollments. This trend has given rise to a number of pressing concerns regarding the needs and aspirations of part-time students and the status and future of part-time study. Unfortunately, these concerns exist against a backdrop of relatively little research on part- time university students, programs, and attendance which is useful for decisions on policy and practice. This paper highlights the results of research which examined part-time programming at Canadian universities and the needs and characteristics of undergraduate student populations with potential for part-time degree completion. It is argued that the mature, working, part-time learner constitutes a distinct nontraditional group, with a distinct set of educational needs and expectations. The findings suggest changes which may be necessary in university functioning in order to better serve these student populations in the future. Results are compared with other recent research and implications for institutional policy and practice are discussed.Comme les contraintes économiques dans le secteur post-secondaire deviennent une préoccupation permanente, il se manifeste une appréciation de la contribution des étudiants à temps partiel dans les universités, et une sensibilisation de leurs besoins. Ces derniers temps, les universités canadiennes ont néanmoins enregistré un déclin perceptible des inscriptions à temps partiel, ce qui inquiète les milieux universitaires. Malheureusement, cette inquiétude se présente sur une toile de fond d'un nombre restreint de recherches au sujet des étudiants d'université à temps partiel, des programmes, et de la présence aux cours, toutes des informations utiles pour prendre des décisions en matière de règlements et de pratique. Le présent article souligne les résultats de la recherche qui s'intéresse aux programmes d'études à temps partiel des universités canadiennes et aux besoins et caractéristiques des populations d'étudiants au premier cycle potentiellement aptes à obtenir un diplôme à temps partiel. Il est soutenu que les apprenants à temps partiel, matures et détenteurs d'un emploi constituent un groupe distinct, non traditionnel, avec des besoins et des attentes distincts en matière d'éducation. Les résultats suggèrent des changements qui, à l'avenir, seront peut-être nécessaires au fonctionnement des universités pour mieux servir ces populations d'étudiants. Ces résultats sont comparés avec d'autres recherches effectuées récemment et des implications concernant la réglementation et les pratiques institutionnelles sont aussi examinées

Desperately seeking innovation nirvana:Australia’s cooperative research centres

The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) program has been one of the flagship programs of Australia’s National Innovation System (NSI) for 30 years. But compared to other members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), statistics indicate that Australia has persistent low levels of business expenditure on research and development (BERD), while World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) reports highlight poor diffusion-of-innovation characteristics. In response to reports of this ilk, and in line with the generally evolving nature of NSIs, the CRC program, and the Australian NSI system, has developed and matured. In a wide-ranging longitudinal review of the program’s policy documentation, we discover that a number of changes have affected the language used within the program, the targeted organizations, and, crucially, the duration of the funding periods. We conclude that, within the confines of the nation’s historical and geographic context, the CRC program exhibits similar characteristics to NSIs elsewhere. In addition, there may be scope for Australia to split the CRC program into separate streams, and that even further support for integration into the Asia-Pacific markets is likely to be beneficial to the diffusion of Australian innovation

Lymphedema impact and prevalence international study: the Canadian data

Background: Chronic edema/lymphedema is defined as edema present for more than 3 months. It is under recognized and under treated. The International Lymphedema Framework developed an international study, Lymphedema Impact and Prevalence International (LIMPRINT) to estimate the prevalence and impact of chronic oedema in heterogeneous populations. Canada participated in this study. Methods: Participants were recruited from an outpatient chronic wound management clinic. At a study visit the following tools were administered: The Core Tool, Demographics & Disability assessment (WHODAS 2.0), Quality of life assessment (LYMQOL + EQ-5D), Details of swelling, Wound assessment and Cancer. Data were entered into an international data base (Clindex) and country specific data was analyzed. Results: 68 subjects were enrolled. 57% were males and 43% females. Over 90% were over 45 years of age. Only 7.35% had primary lymphedema. Most had lower extremity edema (65 of 68). Over half (47.06%) were morbidly obese with Body Mass Index > 40. The most common underlying condition was venous disease. Only 8 of 68 had a history of cancer. While 72.06% had a history of cellulitis only 10.2% had been hospitalized I the past year. 39.71% had an open wound. Greater than 75% had received multilayer bandaging, compression garments, wound dressings and extensive counselling. Few had received manual lymphatic drainage which is not funded. Disability was less than expected. Conclusions: Chronic edema/lymphedema is an under recognized condition. This data and the wider LIMPRINT study are important tools to advocate for wider recognition and funding of treatment by health care systems

Wound infection in clinical practice : principles of best practice

The International Wound Infection Institute (IWII) is an organisation of volunteer interdisciplinary health professionals dedicated to advancing and improving practice relating to prevention and control of wound infection. This includes acute wounds (surgical, traumatic and burns) and chronic wounds of all types, although principally chronic wounds of venous, arterial, diabetic and pressure aetiologies. Wound infection is a common complication of wounds. It leads to delays in wound healing and increases the risk of loss of limb and life. Implementation of effective strategies to prevent, diagnose and manage, is important in reducing mortality and morbidity rates associated with wound infection. This second edition of Wound Infection in Clinical Practice is an update of the first edition published in 2008 by the World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS). The original document was authored by leading experts in wound management and endorsed by the WUWHS. The intent of this edition is to provide a practical, updated resource that is easy-to-use and understand. For this edition, the IWII collaborative team has undertaken a comprehensive review of contemporary literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses when available. In addition, the team conducted a formal Delphi process to reach consensus on wound infection issues for which scientific research is minimal or lacking. This rigorous process provides an update on the science and expert opinion regarding prevention, diagnosis and control of wound infection. This edition outlines new definitions relevant to wound infection, presents new paradigms and advancements in the management and diagnosis of a wound infection, and highlights controversial areas of discussion

Altered levels of shorter vs long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in commercial diets for market-sized Atlantic salmon reared in seawater – Effects on fatty acid composition, metabolism and product quality

There is a growing trend of ‘replacing’ long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC PUFA) rich oils with C18 shorter-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid rich oils in Atlantic salmon aquafeed formulations. n-3 LC PUFA, including 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, play contrasting physiological roles and are metabolised differently in comparison to C18 PUFA. Accordingly, the present study recorded the effect of replacing n-3 LC PUFA rich dietary fish oil with C18 n-3 PUFA rich camelina oil at two inclusion levels in commercial-like diets fed to market-sized Atlantic salmon. This assessment was achieved by an analysis of industry relevant production parameters including growth performance, fatty acid composition and metabolism, nutrient digestibility and consumer acceptance (liking and attribute analysis of fillet). The trial was conducted over the final 150 days of an on-farm grow-out period in seawater. The dietary replacement of n-3 LC PUFA with C18 n-3 PUFA resulted in a significant decrease in fillet n-3 LC PUFA and a poorer growth performance. However, in the absence of fish oil, the inclusion of camelina oil at high levels (40%) contributed to an improved n-6/n-3 ratio and partially ameliorated low dietary n-3 LC PUFA by providing added substrate for endogenous n-3 LC PUFA synthesis in comparison to a 20% camelina oil inclusion. Furthermore, consumer acceptance of Atlantic salmon was unaffected by the dietary addition of camelina oil

The impact of dietary protein: lipid ratio on growth performance, fatty acid metabolism, product quality and waste output in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

A common strategy for aquafeed manufacturers has been the utilisation of relatively large amounts of terrestrial, both animal and plant, oil sources to produce diets with a high energy content. The provision of high fat diets is aimed at promoting the utilisation of energy from lipid, thus increasing the amount of dietary protein used for tissue synthesis. However, in recent years the cost of marine sourced dietary lipids has risen, at the same time, farming operations are under increasing pressure to limit environmental degradation associated with nitrogenous waste effluent. Currently there is limited information available regarding the environmental and economic impacts of an altered dietary protein: lipid ratio in diets for large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in seawater, presenting a potential impediment for nutritional based solutions. Accordingly the present study compared two isoenergetic diets with varied protein: lipid ratios via an assessment of growth, fatty acid utilisation, human nutritional quality, nitrogenous waste output and economic considerations. The trial diets were fed to the fish for the final 150 days of an on-farm grow-out period and resulted in minimal differences in fish growth, fatty acid utilisation and fillet quality. A decreased dietary protein: lipid ratio resulted in a more efficient protein utilisation both in terms of digestibility and assimilation into fish and, therefore, nitrogenous waste output was reduced. However, due to small differences in feed utilisation, the cost of fish production was numerically higher