Financing Transitional Jobs Programs: A Strategic Guide to Federal Funding Sources

An increasing number of communities are seeking to help individuals faced with multiple employment barriers succeed in the labor force through transitional jobs (TJ) programs. TJ programs offer temporary, paying jobs with support services and job placement assistance to individuals who are not served by more traditional job training and placement programs. These more intensive programs have been shown to be effective with hard-to-employ adults and youth, but not without a cost. TJ programs cost significantly more per client than employment programs for individuals who are more job-ready. This strategy brief is designed to help local leaders seeking funding to develop, sustain, or expand transitional jobs programs. While significant work has already been done on financing TJ for individuals moving off of welfare, there is little information available on financing options for programs that serve other populations. This paper seeks to fill this information gap for three target groups- ex-offenders, homeless people, and youth - by describing federal funding sources and financing strategies that can support TJ programs for these populations

Identification of an active ID-like group of SINEs in the mouse

AbstractThe mouse genome consists of five known families of SINEs: B1, B2, B4/RSINE, ID, and MIR. Using RT-PCR we identified a germ-line transcript that demonstrates 92.7% sequence identity to ID (excluding primer sequence), yet a BLAST search identified numerous matches of 100% sequence identity. We analyzed four of these elements for their presence in orthologous genes in strains and subspecies of Mus musculus as well as other species of Mus using a PCR-based assay. All four analyzed elements were identified either only in M. musculus or exclusively in both M. musculus and M. domesticus, indicative of recent integrations. In conjunction with the identification of transcripts, we present an active ID-like group of elements that is not derived from the proposed BC1 master gene of ID elements. A BLAST of the rat genome indicated that these elements were not in the rat. Therefore, this family of SINEs has recently evolved, and since it has thus far been observed mainly in M. musculus, we refer to this family as MMIDL

Extending the double ramification cycle using Jacobians

We prove that the extension of the double ramification cycle defined by the first-named author (using modifications of the stack of stable curves) coincides with that defined by the last-two named authors (using an extended Brill-Noether locus on suitable compactified universal Jacobians). In particular, in the untwisted case we deduce that both of these extensions coincide with that constructed by Li and Graber-Vakil using a virtual fundamental class on a space of rubber maps.Comment: 13 pages. Supersedes the published version. 3 small changes: (1) we correct a minus sign error in what are now Formulas 19 and 21, (2) we correct the definition of [DR] in Section 2.1, and (3) we add a citation to Dudin for Lemma 8. European Journal of Mathematics (2018

Transcription and processing of the rodent ID repeat family in germline and somatic cells

ID elements comprise a rodent SINE (short Interspersed DNA repetitive element) family that has amplified by retroposition of a few master genes. In order to understand the Important factors of SINE amplification, we investigated the transcription of rat ID elements. Three different size classes of ID transcripts, BC1, BC2 and T3, have been detected In various rat tissues, including brain and testes. We have analysed the nucleotlde sequences of testes- and brain-derived ID transcripts isolated by size-fractlonation, C-talling and RACE. Nucleotide sequence variation of testes ID transcripts demonstrated derivation from different loci. However, the transcripts represent a preferred set of ID elements that closely match the subfamily consensus sequences. The small ID transcripts, T3, are not comprised of primary transcripts, but are instead processed polyA- transcripts generated from many different loci. These truncated transcripts would be expected to be retroposition-incompetent forms. Therefore, the amplification of ID elements is likely to be regulated at multiple steps of retroposition, which Include transcription and processing. Although brain ID transcripts showed a similar pattern, with the addition of very high levels of transcription from the BC1 locus, we also found evidence that a single locus dominated the production of brain BC2 RNA species. BC1 RNA is highly stable In both germ line and brain cells, based on the low level of detection of the processing product, T3. This stability of BC1 RNA might have been a contributing factor in its role as a master gene for ID amplification. © 1995 Oxford University Press

Surface Warming During the 2018/MY 34 Mars Global Dust Storm

Surface warming during the 2018 Global Dust Storm is revealed from assimilating Mars Climate Sounder observations into a GCM. Net warming occurred at low thermal inertia regions, due to inhibited night-time cooling; elsewhere, net cooling occurred

Tracing the fate of carbon and the atmospheric evolution of Mars

The climate of Mars likely evolved from a warmer, wetter early state to the cold, arid current state. However, no solutions for this evolution have previously been found to satisfy the observed geological features and isotopic measurements of the atmosphere. Here we show that a family of solutions exist, invoking no missing reservoirs or loss processes. Escape of carbon via CO photodissociation and sputtering enriches heavy carbon (^(13)C) in the Martian atmosphere, partially compensated by moderate carbonate precipitation. The current atmospheric ^(13)C/^(12)C and rock and soil carbonate measurements indicate an early atmosphere with a surface pressure <1 bar. Only scenarios with large amounts of carbonate formation in open lakes permit higher values up to 1.8 bar. The evolutionary scenarios are fully testable with data from the MAVEN mission and further studies of the isotopic composition of carbonate in the Martian rock record through time