Trisections of 4-manifolds with Boundary

Given a handle decomposition of a 4-manifold with boundary, and an open book decomposition of the boundary, we show how to produce a trisection diagram of a trisection of the 4-manifold inducing the given open book. We do this by making the original proof of the existence of relative trisections more explicit, in terms of handles. Furthermore, we extend this existence result to the case of 4-manifolds with multiple boundary components, and show how trisected 4-manifolds with multiple boundary components glue together.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

THE INFLUENCE OF SALMONELLA IN PIGS PRE-HARVEST ON SALMONELLA HUMAN HEALTH COSTS AND RISK FROM PORK

Salmonellosis in people is a costly disease, much of it occurring because of food associated exposure. We develop a farm-to-fork model which estimates the pork associated Salmonella risk and human health costs. This analysis focuses on the components of the pork production chain up to the point of producing a chilled pork carcass. Sensitivity and scenario analysis show that changes that occur in Salmonella status during processing are substantially more important for human health risk and have a higher benefit/cost ratio for application of strategies that control Salmonella compared with on-farm strategies.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Visualization of Science Supported by NADP Measurements

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Cohort, Spirituality, and Religiosity A Cross-sectional Comparison

Abstract The social scientific conversation on the relationship between birth cohort, spirituality, and religiosity has been going on for some time. The Millennial cohort has now "come of age" and cross-sectional comparisons of the Millennial cohort, Generation X, and the Baby Boomers are possible. The 2010 and 2012 General Social Surveys are used to analyze the relationship between cohort, subjective religiosity, subjective spirituality, and various sociodemographic variables. Results indicate that members of Generation X are the most likely to be "spiritual but not religious" (SBNR) with the Silent Generation the least likely. Millennials are consistently less religious than Baby Boomers but are similar to Generation X in prayer and attendance at religious services. Future research is needed as the Millennials age to examine life course spirituality and religiosity

Subjective Patriotism: A Cross-sectional Comparison of the Millennial, Generation X, Baby Boom, and Silent Generation Birth Cohorts

With the power to unite or divide a nation, patriotism is an integral component of the many attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors which collectively influence the nature and direction of society. In its extreme forms, patriotism can lead to systematic social disorganization, foster intolerance and fear, or give rise to fascist or neo-fascist movements. Given the diverse and potentially problematic roles patriotism can play, identifying determinants for patriotism represents an important line of inquiry. Although several studies have explored the origins of patriotism in society, prior research has yet to examine the influence of birth cohort effects on patriotic self-identification the United States. This study examines generational birth cohort effects on a subjective measure of American patriotism. Data for this research were collected from the Pew Research Center 2014 Political Survey. Results from our analysis suggest that younger cohorts are significantly less patriotic than preceding generations. Cohort effects on patriotism were significant with and without controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a systematic link between birth cohort and patriotism within the context of a multivariate examination. We also found evidence of a significant interaction between religiosity and birth cohort. Specifically, the positive effect of religiosity on patriotism is considerably more pronounced among Millennials than Baby Boomers. In addition to identifying a new source of variation in American patriotism, this study demonstrates the continued relevance and utility of birth cohort research for identifying and describing broad patterns of variation in society

mTORC2 signaling drives the development and progression of pancreatic cancer

mTOR signaling controls several critical cellular functions and is deregulated in many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. To date, most efforts have focused on inhibiting the mTORC1 complex. However, clinical trials of mTORC1 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer have failed, raising questions about this therapeutic approach. We employed a genetic approach to delete the obligate mTORC2 subunit Rictor and identified the critical times during which tumorigenesis requires mTORC2 signaling. Rictor deletion resulted in profoundly delayed tumorigenesis. Whereas previous studies showed most pancreatic tumors were insensitive to rapamycin, treatment with a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor strongly suppressed tumorigenesis. In late-stage tumor-bearing mice, combined mTORC1/2 and PI3K inhibition significantly increased survival. Thus, targeting mTOR may be a potential therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer

Cardiovascular autonomic control in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support and pharmacologic therapy

Objectives The objective of the study is to determine cardiac autonomic control in patients undergoing assessment for and/or LVAD therapy. Methods Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in 17 explanted LVAD, 17 implanted LVAD and 23 NYHA III-IV classified chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and ten healthy matched controls under three conditions: supine free breathing, standing and supine controlled breathing. Five measures of HRV were assessed: mean R-R interval (mR-R), high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) spectral power, LF in normalised units (LFnu), and LF to HF (LF:HF) ratio. Results Repeat measures ANOVA showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in HRV between all three conditions within groups. Lower values were observed in CHF for LF(in log natural units) compared with explanted patients (- 1.4 [95% CI - 2.6 to - 0.7], p = 0.04) and controls (- 2.1 [- 3.5 to - 0.7], p = 0.001) and for LF:HF compared with implanted patients under paced breathing conditions (z = - 2.7, p = 0.007) and controls in standing (z = - 2.9, p = 0.004) and paced breathing conditions (z = - 2.3, p = 0.02). However, no significant differences were seen between explanted, implanted and control groups under any condition. Conclusions Patients implanted with an LVAD and explanted from a LVAD following myocardial recovery demonstrate a more normal dynamic response to autonomic stimuli and have a lower HRV risk profile compared to CHF patients. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Associations between dietary iron and zinc intakes, and between biochemical iron and zinc status in women

Iron and zinc are found in similar foods and absorption of both may be affected by food compounds, thus biochemical iron and zinc status may be related. This cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) describe dietary intakes and biochemical status of iron and zinc; (2) investigate associations between dietary iron and zinc intakes; and (3) investigate associations between biochemical iron and zinc status in a sample of premenopausal women aged 18&ndash;50 years who were recruited in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a 154-item food frequency questionnaire (n = 379). Iron status was assessed using serum ferritin and hemoglobin, zinc status using serum zinc (standardized to 08:00 collection), and presence of infection/inflammation using C-reactive protein (n = 326). Associations were explored using multiple regression and logistic regression. Mean (SD) iron and zinc intakes were 10.5 (3.5) mg/day and 9.3 (3.8) mg/day, respectively. Median (interquartile range) serum ferritin was 22 (12&ndash;38) &mu;g/L and mean serum zinc concentrations (SD) were 12.6 (1.7) &mu;mol/L in fasting samples and 11.8 (2.0) &mu;mol/L in nonfasting samples. For each 1 mg/day increase in dietary iron intake, zinc intake increased by 0.4 mg/day. Each 1 &mu;mol/L increase in serum zinc corresponded to a 6% increase in serum ferritin, however women with low serum zinc concentration (AM fasting &lt; 10.7 &mu;mol/L; AM nonfasting &lt; 10.1 &mu;mol/L) were not at increased risk of depleted iron stores (serum ferritin &lt;15 &mu;g/L; p = 0.340). Positive associations were observed between dietary iron and zinc intakes, and between iron and zinc status, however interpreting serum ferritin concentrations was not a useful proxy for estimating the likelihood of low serum zinc concentrations and women with depleted iron stores were not at increased risk of impaired zinc status in this cohort