Hyperspectral Super-Resolution with Coupled Tucker Approximation: Recoverability and SVD-based algorithms

We propose a novel approach for hyperspectral super-resolution, that is based on low-rank tensor approximation for a coupled low-rank multilinear (Tucker) model. We show that the correct recovery holds for a wide range of multilinear ranks. For coupled tensor approximation, we propose two SVD-based algorithms that are simple and fast, but with a performance comparable to the state-of-the-art methods. The approach is applicable to the case of unknown spatial degradation and to the pansharpening problem.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, in Pres

Subcellular sorting of neuregulins controls the assembly of excitatory-inhibitory cortical circuits

The assembly of specific neuronal circuits relies on the expression of complementary molecular programs in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. In the cerebral cortex, the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 is critical for the wiring of specific populations of GABAergic interneurons, in which it paradoxically regulates both the formation of inhibitory synapses as well as the development of excitatory synapses received by these cells. Here, we found that Nrg1 and Nrg3, two members of the neuregulin family of trophic factors, regulate the inhibitory outputs and excitatory inputs of interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex, respectively. The differential role of Nrg1 and Nrg3 in this process is not due to their receptor-binding EGF-like domain, but rather to their distinctive subcellular localization within pyramidal cells. Our study reveals a novel strategy for the assembly of cortical circuits that involves the differential subcellular sorting of family-related synaptic proteins.Supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC Programme Grant, MR/S010785/1) and European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AIMS-2-TRIALS, 777394) to BR and OM, and Fondation Roger de Spoelberch to OM. DE-A was supported by a ‘la Caixa’ Foundation Graduate Fellowship

Proactive case detection of common childhood illnesses by community health workers: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying design features and implementation strategies to optimise community health worker (CHW) programmes is important in the context of mixed results at scale. We systematically reviewed evidence of the effects of proactive case detection by CHWs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on mortality, morbidity and access to care for common childhood illnesses. METHODS: Published studies were identified via electronic databases from 1978 to 2017. We included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies, and assessed their quality for risk of bias. We reported measures of effect as study investigators reported them, and synthesised by outcomes of mortality, disease prevalence, hospitalisation and access to treatment. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) as a principal summary measure, with CIs adjusted for cluster design effect. RESULTS: We identified 14 studies of 11 interventions from nine LMICs that met inclusion criteria. They showed considerable diversity in intervention design and implementation, comparison, outcomes and study quality, which precluded meta-analysis. Proactive case detection may reduce infant mortality (RR: 0.52-0.94) and increase access to effective treatment (RR: 1.59-4.64) compared with conventional community-based healthcare delivery (low certainty evidence). It is uncertain whether proactive case detection reduces mortality among children under 5 years (RR: 0.04-0.80), prevalence of infectious diseases (RR: 0.06-1.02), hospitalisation (RR: 0.38-1.26) or increases access to prompt treatment (RR: 1.00-2.39) because the certainty of this evidence is very low. CONCLUSION: Proactive case detection may provide promising benefits for child health, but evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions. More research is needed on proactive case detection with rigorous study designs that use standardised outcomes and measurement methods, and report more detail on complex intervention design and implementation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42017074621

Exosomas de la via aérea: nueva herramienta para el manejo de asma severo

El asma afecta a más de 339 millones de personas en el mundo y se caracteriza por una inflamación crónica, una hiperrespuesta bronquial y una obstrucción de la vía aérea. Es una enfermedad compleja y multifactorial y todavía no se han determinado sus mecanismos moleculares con certeza. El asma no debería considerarse como una enfermedad única, sino como un conjunto de fenotipos y mecanismos patológicos distintos que comparten manifestaciones clínicas similares. Es necesario encontrar biomarcadores específicos del asma, para mejorar el conocimiento sobre los procesos moleculares de la enfermedad y encontrar nuevas dianas terapéuticas. Los exosomas son vesículas extracelulares membranosas liberadas por un gran número de tipos celulares y encontrados en todos los fluidos biológicos. Esas vesículas tienen un papel fisiológico en la comunicación intercelular, y participan en mecanismos patológicos en el asma y en otras enfermedades. Para el estudio del asma y del potencial terapéutico de los exosomas en esta enfermedad, interesa estudiar las vesículas extracelulares procedentes de la vía aérea, que hasta ahora solo se han estudiado en lavado broncoalveolar. En este trabajo se propone aislar exosomas de esputo inducido, una técnica menos invasiva que el lavado broncoalveolar. Tras el procesamiento de muestras de esputo inducido, se aislaron los exosomas con el kit comercial ExoQuick y se confirmó su presencia de tres maneras: con un ELISA dirigido a una tetraspanina de los exosomas (CD63), con Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) y con microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Tras estos experimentos se pudo confirmar la presencia de exosomas en esputo inducido. Esas vesículas extracelulares en un fluido biológico fácil de obtener podrían ser la clave para la obtención de biomarcadores o el desarrollo de nuevas terapias en el asma, por ejemplo, basadas en miRNAs.<br /

Modelling metabolic network dynamics in a cheese bacterial community

International audienc