The road to sovereignty for New Caledonia? Analysis of the November 2018 consultation on self-determination

New Caledonia – also known as Kanaky – is a French autonomous territory in the South Pacific. As the final phase of an emancipation process that began almost 30 years ago, a first referendum on self-determination occurred on November 4, 2018. Since 56% of voters rejected separation from France in 2018, two other consultative referendums are due by 2022, the next one being organised in 2020. This paper analyses the result of the 2018 New Caledonian self-determination referendum and presents the context in which it unfolded: an archipelago where, 60 years ago, 98% of the population voted to remain a French Overseas Territory. This paper also draws out some of the key perspectives on political and institutional matters that may dominate debate in New Caledonia over the next few years.peer-reviewe

II-6. Dispositifs d’administration et de gouvernance existants ou nécessaires

International audienceLa Polynésie française se caractérise par une immense zone économique exclusive, constituant la moitié de la zone maritime française, elle-même deuxième mondiale. Les enjeux de conservation et d'exploitation durable des océans et des ressources marines (objectif 14 de l'agenda onusien du développement durable) y sont considérables. Dans un contexte international marqué par une hausse de la demande en matières premières minérales et une "course à la mer", nouvelle frontière d'expansion territoriale, la question des ressources minérales profondes en Polynésie française suscite aujourd'hui un intérêt accru. L'État et la Polynésie française ont commandé à l'Institut de recherche pour le Développement (IRD) cette expertise collégiale sur les ressources minérales marines profondes en Polynésie française. Cette expertise, réalisée par un collège d'experts pluridisciplinaire (anthropologie, biologie, droit, économie, géographie, géologie, technologie), recense les connaissances actuelles et construit un diagnostic nuancé. Elle aboutit à une série de recommandations utiles aux décideurs politiques en matière de production de connaissances, de développement de technologies et de gouvernance, contribuant ainsi à la définition d'une stratégie de développement d'une filière minière sous-marine respectueuse des enjeux sociaux et environnementaux spécifiques à la Polynésie française. Contribution des auteur

Determinanten van non-compliance van handhygiëne op intensieve zorgen

C

Ethnicity and maternal and child health outcomes and service coverage in western China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of accurate information about health outcomes and health service coverage among ethnic minorities in China. We assessed maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes and service coverage among ethnic minorities compared with Han populations in western China. METHODS: We did a systematic review searching English (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], VIP, Wanfang) databases for population-based studies comparing MCH indicators between ethnic minorities between Jan 1, 1990, and Nov 9, 2016, in any language. For studies making individual comparisons we used the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% CIs as the primary measure to assess the association between MCH indicators and ethnicity. We used a random-effects model to pool odds ratios. FINDINGS: We included 29 Chinese and 16 English language studies, providing 31 individual comparisons and 15 ecological comparisons. Ethnic minority women had lower odds of antenatal care use (pooled crude OR 0·60 [95% CI 0·48-0·75]) and birth in health facilities (0·50 [0·39-0·64]) than did Han women; and their children had higher odds of mortality (2·02 [1·23-3·32]) and lower immunisation (0·34 [0·24-0·47]) than did Han children. After taking account of the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, ethnic minority women were less likely to use antenatal care (pooled adjusted OR 0·54 [0·42-0·71]) or to immunise their children (0·57 [0·44-0·74]) compared with Han women. INTERPRETATION: China has a wealth of primary data that could further our understanding of why ethnic minority populations are lagging behind. As MCH outcomes continue to improve nationally, ethnic minorities will take a greater share of the overall burden of adverse outcomes, requiring strategic investments to address the specific challenges faced by people living in remote areas. FUNDING: China Medical Board

Fatores Associados à Satisfação com um Serviço Comunitário de Saúde Mental

Este estudio evaluó tanto los factores asociados con la satisfacción de 84 pacientes y 84 miembros de la familia con el tratamiento recibido y la satisfacción de 67 profesionales para trabajar en un servicio de salud mental. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, de corte transversal, con delineamiento correlacional y análisis de datos multivariada. Los participantes respondieron a las preguntas de las escalas de satisfacción y cuestionarios demográficos. Los resultados mostraron que las variables: edad de inicio del trastorno psiquiátrico, reciben el apoyo de profesionales, reciben información sobre el tratamiento, el nivel de educación y tiempo de trabajo en la salud mental eran predictores de la satisfacción. Los resultados mostraron que la asociación con las familias de los pacientes es importante para asegurar su satisfacción y adherencia al tratamiento y la forma en que el sistema de salud pública gestiona la carrera profesional ha contribuido a su insatisfacción que requiere reformulaciones urgentes.This study’s objective was to simultaneousy assess the factors associated with the satisfaction of 84 patients and 84 family members with treatment and the satisfaction of 67 professionals with the work performed in a mental health service. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with a correlational design and multivariate data analysis. The participants responded to satisfaction scales and sociodemographic questionnaires. The results indicate that the following variables predicted the level of satisfaction: age at onset of psychiatric disorder; being supported by the professionals; receiving information about treatment; level of education; and years of work in mental health services. The results reveal that establishing a partnership with the families of patients is important to ensuringtheir satisfaction and treatment adherence, while the way the public health system manages the professionals’ careers has contributed to their dissatisfaction, requiring urgent reformulation.Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, simultaneamente, os fatores associados à satisfação de 84 pacientes e de 84 familiares com o tratamento recebido e a satisfação de 67 profissionais com o trabalho realizado em um serviço de saúde mental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, de corte transversal, com delineamento correlacional e análise de dados multivariada. Os participantes responderam questões das Escalas de Satisfação e questionários sociodemográficos. Os resultados apontaram que as variáveis idade de início do transtorno psiquiátrico, receber o apoio dos profissionais, receber informações sobre o tratamento, nível de escolaridade e tempo de trabalho em saúde mental foram preditoras do grau de satisfação. A parceria com as famílias dos pacientes é importante para garantir sua satisfação e adesão ao tratamento. A forma como o sistema público de saúde gerencia a carreira dos profissionais tem contribuído para a sua insatisfação, necessitando de reformulações urgentes

A recusa de Marx da teoria do valor

Resumo: Harvey compara a teoria do valor-trabalho de Ricardo e a teoria do valor adotada por Karl Marx, trazendo uma amostra das discussões de seu mais recente livro, Capital e a loucura da razão econômica. O autor discute as diferenças entre essas teorias e seus desdobramentos nos estudos marxistas atuais, concluindo que a forma valor dos estudos de Marx não pode ser considerada um “princípio imóvel e estável no mundo tumultuado do capital, mas uma métrica instável e em constante mudança”, que se expressa nas “novas práticas de reprodução social e massivas transformações nas vontades, necessidades e desejos de toda uma população” pela inserção na vida cotidiana. Segundo o autor, isso demonstra que essa teoria está “muito além do que Ricardo tinha em mente e é igualmente distante daquela concepção de valor geralmente atribuída a Marx”. Abstract: In this recent article, not yet available by publishers, David Harvey does a comparison between the labour theory of value from Ricardo and the value theory from Karl Marx, bringing a sample of the discussions of his latest book Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. The author thus discusses the differences between these theories and their unfoldings in the current Marxist studies, concluding that the value form from the Marx studies could not be considered as a “stable fulcrum in capital’s churning world but a constantly changing and unstable metric”, which is expressed through “by unfolding practices of social reproduction, and massive transformations in the wants, needs and desires of whole populations” through everyday life. That demonstrates, according to the author, that this theory is “far beyond what Ricardo had in mind and equally far away from that conception of value usually attributed to Marx”

Marx’s Refusal of the Labour Theory of Value

In this recent article, not yet available by publishers, David Harvey does a comparison between the labour theory of value from Ricardo and the value theory from Karl Marx, bringing a sample of the discussions of his latest book Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. The author thus discusses the differences between these theories and their unfoldings in the current Marxist studies, concluding that the value form from the Marx studies could not be considered as a “stable fulcrum in capital’s churning world but a constantly changing and unstable metric”, which is expressed through “by unfolding practices of social reproduction, and massive transformations in the wants, needs and desires of whole populations” through everyday life. That demonstrates, according to the author, that this theory is “far beyond what Ricardo had in mind and equally far away from that conception of value usually attributed to Marx”.Neste artigo recente, ainda não publicado em livro, David Harvey compara a teoria do valor-trabalho de Ricardo e a teoria do valor adotada por Karl Marx, trazendo uma amostra das discussões de seu mais recente livro, Capital e a loucura da razão econômica. O autor discute as diferenças entre essas teorias e seus desdobramentos nos estudos marxistas atuais, concluindo que a forma valor dos estudos de Marx não pode ser considerada um “princípio imóvel e estável no mundo tumultuado do capital, mas uma métrica instável e em constante mudança”, que se expressa nas “novas práticas de reprodução social e massivas transformações nas vontades, necessidades e desejos de toda uma população” pela inserção na vida cotidiana. Segundo o autor, isso demonstra que essa teoria está “muito além do que Ricardo tinha em mente e é igualmente distante daquela concepção de valor geralmente atribuída a Marx”

Aspiration, Achievement and Abandonment in ‘The World’s Best Country’: Merit and Equity or Smoke and Mirrors?

Finland is internationally valorised for its education system, quality of life and high-tech, innovative, competitiveness. However, a critical focus on institutional dynamics and trajectories of higher education careers illuminates questions about the reproduction of global inequities, rather than the societal transformation Finland’s education system was once noted for. The purpose of this self-ethnography of career trajectories within Finnish higher education is designed to call attention to institutional social dynamics that have escaped the attention of scholarly literature and contemporary debates about academic work and practice within highly situated research groups, departments and institutes. Our analysis illuminates emergent stratification, in a country and institution previously characterized by the absence of stratification and the ways in which this reinforces - and is reinforced by – the tension between transnational academic capitalism, methodological nationalism and the resulting global division of academic labour that now cuts across societies, manifesting within the one institution Finland’s general population trusts to explain, engage and ameliorate stratification: Higher Education