Lymphendothel in terminaler Herzinsuffizienz und nach Herz- und Lungentransplantation

The lymphatic endothelium is relevant for the pathogenesis of various cardiac and pulmonary diseases. However, the knowledge about the functions and role of lymphatic endothelium in the setting of transplantation is very limited. Therefore it was the main focus of this study. The study investigated the changes of lymphatic endothelial phenotype in patients with terminal heart failure and during the time course after heart and lung transplantation. These observations of the lymphatic phenotype are the first of their kind and provide the evidence, that acute allograft rejection after heart and lung transplantation in human patients is associated with significant changes in the phenotype of lymphatic endothelium. To show the exact mechanistic role of lymphatic endothelium in acute organ rejection and to clarify the cause-effect relation between allograft rejection and lymphatic endothelium, the experimental studies involving heterotopic heart transplantation in rat and mouse were conducted. The results demonstrated that ischemiareperfusion injury induced the activation of lymphatic endothelial cells in rat cardiac allografts. The process was mediated by interaction in the VEGF-C-VEGFR-3 axis and had direct consequences for the development of alloimmune responses. Further, specific perioperative single-dose VEGF-C inhibiting strategies demonstrated beneficial effects on lymphatic vessel activation, antigenpresenting cell trafficking and subsequent development of alloimmune responses in rat cardiac allografts. VEGF-C/D trapping in donor heart prevented acute lymphatic vessel activation and led to homing of VEGFR-3+ dendritic cells in cardiac allograft. Intracoronary ex-vivo perfusion with VEGFC/D trap also improved rat cardiac allograft survival and inhibited the development of cardiac fibrosis, allograft vasculopathy and inflammation. The results of the study, thus, demonstrate the significance of VEGF-C-VEGFR-3 signaling in alloimmunity and suggest VEGF-C/D inhibiting strategies as an alternative clinically feasible immunomodulatory approach targeting lymphatic vessels

Participation of teachers in the work of scientific and local legal organizations

One of the most striking manifestations of the social life of the pre-revolutionary Urals was the local history movement. Teachers took an active part in it. At the beginning of the 20th century, 7 scientific and regional studies organizations functioned in the Perm province (the provincial statistical committee, the Ural society of science lovers, the Perm scientific and industrial museum, the society of history, archeology, ethnography lovers of the Cherdynsky region, the Perm Scientific Archival Commission, the Perm diocesan church and archaeological society, Ekaterinburg Church and Archaeological Society). The members of these societies studied Russian history, archeology, ethnography, the natural wealth of the region, created museums, and engaged in educational work. An appeal to the historical memory of the people formed among the intelligentsia a sense of pride and patriotism, and became the motive for its ascetic activity. In the course of scientific and gathering activities, traditions of caring for the heritage of their predecessors developed. The rich material collected in the museums of local history societies provided the basis for professional study of the history of the region. The names of such teachers and local historians as N. K. Chupin, A. A. Dmitriev, V. N. Shishonko still make up the golden fund of the Ural historiography.Одним из ярких проявлений общественной жизни дореволюционного Урала было научно-краеведческое движение. Активное участие в нем принимали учителя. В начале XX в. в Пермской губернии действовали 7 научно-краеведческих организаций (Губернский статистический комитет, Уральское общество любителей естествознания, Пермский научно-промышленный музей, Общество любителей истории, археологии, этнографии Чердынского края, Пермская ученая архивная комиссия, Пермское епархиальное церковно-археологическое общество, Екатеринбургское епархиальное церковно-археологическое общество). Члены этих обществ занимались изучением отечественной истории, археологии, этнографии, естественных богатств края, создавали музеи, занимались просветительской работой. Обращение к исторической памяти народа формировало в среде интеллигенции чувство гордости и патриотизма, становилось мотивом ее подвижнической деятельности. В ходе научной и собирательской деятельности складывались традиции бережного от-ношения к наследию предшественников. Богатый материал, собранный в музеях научно-краеведческих обществ, дал основу для профессионального изучения истории края. Имена таких педагогов и краеведов, как Н. К. Чупин, А. А. Дмитриев, В. Н. Шишонко до сих пор составляют золотой фонд уральской историографии

The development of higher education in the urals: the search of authorities and civil society

The purpose of this article is to identify the role of civil society in the establishment of the higher educational institutions in the Urals, and to determine the importance and activeness of the Ural intelligentsia in the process of transformation of regional education. Methods. The study is based on the methodological approaches inherent in the modernization paradigm. The methods used in the analysis and systematization of the factual material are historical-comparative, historical-genetic, and historical-systematic methods. Results. It is revealed that in the pre-revolutionary period the local authorities were active actors of modernization of regional education. Using projects, prepared with the help of intelligentsia forces, Zemstvo (Russian local assembly) and municipal councils of towns in the Urals were able to defend their interests at the highest level. The decision to open the first higher educational institutions in Yekaterinburg and Perm were carried in 1914 and 1916. Scientific novelty. It’s the first time that the projects of Ural intelligentsia, which initiated the development of higher education in the Ural region, are summarized and analyzed. Practical significance. The results of the study and the facts put into scientific use can be applied in the preparation of general and specialized courses on the history of pedagogy Цель статьи – показать роль гражданского общества в становлении высшей школы Урала и значимость участия уральской интеллигенции в процессе преобразований в области регионального образования. Методы. Исследование базируется на методологических подходах модернизационной парадигмы. При анализе и систематизации фактического материала использовались историко-сравнительный, историко-генетический и историко-системный методы. Результаты. Продемонстрировано, что в дореволюционный период активными акторами модернизации регионального образования были органы местного самоуправления. Благодаря проектам, подготовленным при участии сил местной интеллигенции, земства и городские думы уральских городов смогли отстоять свои интересы на высочайшем уровне. Решения об открытии первых высших учебных заведений в Екатеринбурге и Перми были приняты в 1914 и 1916 гг. Научная новизна. Впервые обобщена и проанализирована деятельность уральской интеллигенции, давшая начало высшему образованию в регионе. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования и изложенные в статье факты могут быть использованы при разработке общих и специальных курсов по истории педагогики

Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate: A diary of a servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov

Marina Larionova, a specialist in the history of Russia, a candidate of historical sciences, presents her Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate (Yekaterinburg, 2013). The book was written with reference to a rare historical source, a diary of a servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov that is kept in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region (GASO, f. 67, op. 1, d. 69). The diary is anonymous, and the authorship was established as a result of an inquiry into its origin; Matvey Andreev, a descendant of a family of serfs was finally given credit as the author, and, according to the diary, he was a petty bourgeois of Kungur, an uyezd town, by the time the diary was started. For 3 years and 5 months (1872-1875), he wrote an account of daily life in the estate and in the manor house located in Aleksandrovskoye Settlement of Vladimir Platonovich Golubtsov, a Perm landowner. The diary describes the everyday life of a Ural petty manorial estate located in Krasnoufimsk Uyezd, Perm Governorate, the day-to-day routine of the owner and the dwellers of the manor, the relationships between them and the ones characteristic of the life of an uyezd community, the emotional experience of the people mentioned in the diary, and other details shedding light on the previously unknown events in the history of the Urals. In her talk with Lyudmila Dashkevich and Yevgeny Neklyudov, professors of history, research fellows of the Institute for History and Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch), and with Irina Shalina, professor of philology, the author discusses the academic significance and informational potential of the source in question. The comparison drawn of the document with some previously known similar sources gives evidence proving its uniqueness conditioned by its comprehensive character, the author's viewpoint and the quality of the publication. Thus, it does not only comply with the text and has few editorial corrections, it also contains a variety of academic historical, cultural and biographic commentaries. The diary both describes the problems a 19 th -century manor could face on a daily basis and dwells on some general issues connected with the relationships between social classes, the historical psychology of servants, the perseverance of serf consciousness after the abolition of serfdom, the patriarchal character of life, and the modernization of the region's economy. © 2015 Ural Federal University. All rights reserved

Lymphatic Endothelium in Terminal Heart Failure and after Heart and Lung Transplantation

The primary goal of the conducted research was to analyse the role of lymphatic endothelial cell in heart failure as well as in the setting of heart and lung transplantation. Our observations of lymphatic phenotype after heart and lung transplantation in human patients are the first of their kind and provide the evidence, that acute allograft rejection is associated with significant changes of lymphatic endothelial phenotype. In experimental studies, we demonstrated that ischemia-reperfusion injury activated the lymphatic endothelium in cardiac allografts. The process was mediated by interaction in the VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 axis and had direct consequences for the development of alloimmune responses. Furthermore, specific perioperative single-dose VEGF-C inhibition demonstrated beneficial effects on lymphatic vessel activation, antigen-presenting cell transport and subsequent alloimmune responses in cardiac allografts. The results of the studies, thus, demonstrate the significance of VEGF-C-VEGFR-3 signaling in promotion of alloimmunity and suggest VEGF-C/D inhibiting strategies as an alternative clinically feasible lymphatic vessel targeted immunomodulatory approach.No Finnish or Swedish abstract available for the reason of the author´s origin

COMBINED TECHNOLOGY OF ELECTRO-SPARK ALLOYING AND THERMAL DIFFUSION BORIDING OF STEEL

The process of thermal diffusion boriding is well known and used throughout the world. It has a number of unique properties, such as high hardness and wear resistance under abrasive wear conditions. Continuous boride layers have increased brittleness, which is related with the elastic properties of borides. In this work, we studied the features of the formation of surface layers onlow-carbon steels after electro-spark alloying, and not by continuous processing of the entire surface of the steel, but only sections and subsequent thermal diffusion boriding from powder medium. Such complex technology enables to form discrete regular and irregular layers, which have a number of advantages, in particular, reduced brittleness. The structure and phase composition of the combined coating growth kinetics of the diffusion layer during the thermal diffusion boriding, are investigated. The creation of the considered composite layers with FeB and Fe2B phases with reduced brittleness will significantly expand their area of application, for example, for working conditions with moderate impact loads

USING DYNAMIC PRE-ACTIVATION OF STEEL SURFACES FOR NITRIDING INTENSIFICATION

The article considers the possibility of pre-activation of the steel surface before nitriding. A complex dynamic method of material activation with a high-speed flow of powder particles (super deep penetration) was used. To exclude the influence of alloying elements, low-carbon steel (2% wt. C) was chosen as the initial material. Powders of NaF (> 250 μm) and Pb

Русско-башкирские школы Екатеринбургского уезда: опыт национально-­образовательной деятельности земства

This article analyses the experience of the national educational activity of Yekaterinburg Uyezd Zemstvo between the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is noted that initially, the zemstvo turned to the all-Russian practice of opening Russian and non-Russian vocational schools in accordance with the Rules from March 26, 1870 “On Measures for the Education of Non-Russians Living in Russia.” The establishment and economic maintenance of Russian-Bashkir schools in the region was carried out at the expense of Yekaterinburg Zemstvo, setting the task of enlightening the population of economically disadvantaged areas. The activity of the Zemstvo in opening Russian-Bashkir schools was not always met with support in the Muslim community. In 1898, the opening of the school in Karabolka was disrupted, and in 1902 the school in Asanovo was closed. However, gradually, the network of Russian-Bashkir schools expanded. In 1917, there were six educational institutions of this type (in Berdenish, Sary, Kaluzhbaeva, Karabolka, Alabuga, and Staroe Asanovo).Following the Revolution of 1905, the liberalisation of the religious policy of the government attracted the attention of zemstvo leaders to the confessional schools of the uyezd. Starting from 1908, zemstvo benefits began to be paid to these educational institutions amounting to 3 915 roubles in 1916. The practice of national educational activity of Yekaterinburg Zemstvo was quite liberal and did not have a Russification focus. By aiding the confessional educational institutions of the “new method”, the zemstvo showed respect for the traditional cult and historical past of the Muslim population and thereby sought interaction with the local communities. Muslim leaders, however, hoped to strengthen national elements in education. After the February Revolution, S. S. Khamzin, member of the Yekaterinburg Uyezd Commissariat, released a project, insisting that Russian-Bashkir vocational schools should be transformed into national schools. The uyezd zemstvo postponed the question of organising national schools until the establishment of Muslim volost zemstvos in the uyezd. However, the zemstvo failed to complete these transformations.В статье анализируется опыт национально-образовательной деятельности Екатеринбургского уездного земства во второй половине XIX — начале XX в. Отмечается, что первоначально земство обратилось к общероссийской практике открытия русско-инородческих училищ в соответствии с Правилами от 26 марта 1870 г. «О мерах к образованию населяющих Россию инородцев». Все заботы об открытии и хозяйственном состоянии русско-башкирских школ в уезде Екатеринбургское земство взяло на себя, ставя задачу развития просвещения среди населения районов, неблагополучных в экономическом отношении. Деятельность земства по открытию русско-башкирских школ не всегда встречала сочувствие в мусульманском обществе. В 1898 г. сорвалось открытие школы в Караболке, в 1902 г. была закрыта школа в Асаново. Тем не менее, постепенно сеть русско-башкирских училищ расширялась. В 1917 г. действовало 6 учебных заведений этого типа (Берденишское, Саринское, Калужбаевское, Карабольское, Алабужское, Старо-Асановское).Либерализация вероисповедной политики правительства после революции 1905 г. привлекла внимание земских деятелей к конфессиональным школам уезда. С 1908 г. началась выдача земских пособий этим учебным заведениям, общая сумма которых составляла в 1916 г. 3 915 руб. Практика национально-образовательной деятельности Екатеринбургского уездного земства в целом была вполне либеральной и не носила русификаторской направленности. Оказывая помощь «новометодным» конфессиональным учебным заведениям, земство демонстрировало уважение к традиционному культу и историческому прошлому мусульманского населения и добивалось тем самым взаимодействия с местными общинами. Лидеры мусульманского населения надеялись на усиление национальных элементов в образовании. После Февральской революции появился проект члена Екатеринбургского уездного комиссариата С. С. Хамзина, в котором говорилось о необходимости преобразования русско-башкирских школ в национальные училища. Уездное земство отложило вопрос об организации национальных школ до создания в уезде мусульманских волостных земств. Завершить эти преобразования, однако, земству не удалось

Красноуфимская русско-башкирская низшая сельскохозяйственная школа: педагогический проект Н. А. Соковнина

This article explores the history of the establishment of the first Russian-Bashkir agricultural school in the Urals. Its initiator was Nikolai Aleksandrovich Sokovnin (1841–1893), a prominent figure in professional education. The article analyses reports of the Krasnoufimsk Russian-Bashkir lower agricultural school to the trustee of the Orenburg educational district written by Sokovnin. They testify to the fact that the establishment of this educational institution was the result of many years of thinking by the teacher about how it could be possible to improve the economic situation of peasants with the help of education. Sokovnin was convinced that agricultural schools could not be limited to teaching the theory and practice of farming and cattle breeding, they had to give peasants the skills to process agricultural products. He looked for new sources of national wealth in the development of small trades such as handicrafts, as well as in the dissemination of technical knowledge among the population. Sokovnin saw the missionary function of the school in the fact that it could change the established traditions of raising Bashkir children and make them sensible and thrifty heads of households. Sokovnin sent the first teachers of the agricultural school to the best processing enterprises in Central Russia to improve their technical knowledge and skills. The Krasnoufimsk Russian-Bashkir lower agricultural school was opened in 1887. It worked in accordance with the Charter, which demanded that the school have full-time teachers who received state salaries and people who worked for hire. The former included a school manager, a preparatory class teacher, three main class teachers and a teacher of law, the latter — a mullah teacher, craft teachers, foremen, a watchman and other attendants. Education at the school lasted for five years: two years in the preparatory class and three years in the basic. About 60 people studied at the school every year, a third of them being Bashkirs and representatives of other peoples who professed Islam.В статье освещается история организации первой на Урале русско-башкирской сельскохозяйственной школы. Инициатором ее создания был видный деятель профессионального образования Николай Александрович Соковнин (1841–1893). В статье анализируются отчеты Красноуфимской русско-башкирской низшей сельскохозяйственной школы перед попечителем Оренбургского учебного округа, написанные рукой Н. А. Соковнина. Они свидетельствуют о том, что создание этого учебного заведения стало результатом многолетних раздумий педагога о том, как можно с помощью образования улучшить экономическое положение крестьян. Н. А. Соковнин был уверен в том, что сельскохозяйственные школы не могут ограничиваться обучением теории и практики ведения земледелия и скотоводства, они должны давать крестьянам навыки переработки сельскохозяйственных продуктов. В развитии мелких промыслов — кустарных и ремесленных, а также распространении среди населения технических знаний он искал новые источники народного богатства. Миссионерскую функцию школы Н. А. Соковнин видел в том, что она могла изменить сложившиеся традиции воспитания башкирских детей и сделать их толковыми и бережливыми хозяевами. Первых преподавателей сельскохозяйственной школы Н. А. Соковнин отправил для повышения технических знаний и умений на лучшие перерабатывающие предприятия Центральной России. Красноуфимская русско-башкирская низшая сельскохозяйственная школа была открыта в 1887 г. Она работала в соответствии с Уставом, на основании которого в школе имелись штатные преподаватели, получавшие казенное жалованье, и лица, работавшие по найму. К первым относились управляющий школой, учитель приготовительного класса, три преподавателя основных классов и законоучитель, ко вторым — мулла-вероучитель, учителя ремесел, мастера, сторож и прочий обслуживающий персонал. Обучение в школе длилось пять лет: два года в приготовительном классе и три — в основных. Ежегодно в школе обучались около 60 человек, треть из них составляли башкиры и представители других народов, исповедовавших мусульманство

Estimated nitric oxide density in auroras from ground-based photometric data

In this paper, we numerically estimate the nitric oxide density in auroras, using photometric data on 427.8, 557.7, and 630.0 nm emission intensities. The data were obtained at midnight at observatories of the Polar Geophysical Institute. These estimates were made using a numerical modeling procedure with a time-dependent model of the auroral ionosphere [Dashkevich et al., 2017]. It is shown that the NO density in the maximum of the altitude profile is between (1÷3.3)∙10^8 cm–3. The obtained estimates indicate the absence of a correlation between the [NO]max values and 427.8 nm emission intensities