Human Fraternity & Inclusive Citizenship

Polarization and discrimination linked to religion have been increasing in many parts of the world, including on the two shores of the Mediterranean. Against this background, however, seeds of hope have emerged from a number of religious leaders who have called for a new narrative of human fraternity and inclusive citizenship. This report analyzes the opportunities which human fraternity and inclusive citizenship offer for government-religious partnerships aimed at building more inclusive and peaceful societies across both shores of the Mediterranean and puts forward interreligious engagement as a new policy framework that recognizes and amplifies these novel dynamics. Can the interreligious narrative of human fraternity help to create new inclusive forms of citizenship? How can governments and international organizations better partner with religious leaders and communities to concretely build inclusive societies from the MENA region to Europe?Publishe

Iron acquisition in Bacillus cereus: the roles of IlsA and bacillibactin in exogenous ferritin iron mobilization

9siIn host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease. To overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. The molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied; however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store thousands of iron atoms within its cavity. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, a surface protein named IlsA (Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) binds heme, hemoglobin and ferritin in vitro and is involved in virulence. Here, we demonstrate that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor causing ferritin aggregation on the bacterial surface. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that IlsA binds several types of ferritins through direct interaction with the shell subunits. UV-vis kinetic data show a significant enhancement of iron release from ferritin in the presence of IlsA indicating for the first time that a bacterial protein might alter the stability of the ferritin iron core. Disruption of the siderophore bacillibactin production drastically reduces the ability of B. cereus to utilize ferritin for growth and results in attenuated bacterial virulence in insects. We propose a new model of iron acquisition in B. cereus that involves the binding of IlsA to host ferritin followed by siderophore assisted iron uptake. Our results highlight a possible interplay between a surface protein and a siderophore and provide new insights into host adaptation of B. cereus and general bacterial pathogenesis.openopenSegond D; Abi Khalil E; Buisson C; Daou N; Kallassy M; Lereclus D; Arosio P; Bou-Abdallah F; Nielsen Le Roux C.Segond, D; Abi Khalil, E; Buisson, C; Daou, N; Kallassy, M; Lereclus, D; Arosio, Paolo; Bou Abdallah, F; Nielsen Le Roux, C

Les Églises de l’Orient arabe face à la mondialisation du dialogue islamo-chrétien

Cet article représente une étude comparative des programmes du dialogue interreligieux pour les musulmans et les chrétiens de l’Orient arabe. L’auteur défend la thèse que la période qui suit les attaques terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 voit une évolution majeure sur le plan du dialogue et pose de nouveaux défis pour ses protagonistes. L’entrée en force des grandes institutions politiques musulmanes, sur la scène du dialogue, le propulse en effet sur le plan mondial et inter-civilisationnel, sans pour autant résoudre ses enjeux locaux. Cette situation crée un décalage entre les attentes des chrétiens d’Orient face au dialogue — dialogue qui est vital pour leur présence et le maintien du « vivre ensemble » dans leurs sociétés —, et les attentes des musulmans qui cherchent à corriger par le dialogue l’image de l’islam qui est projetée mondialement. Ce décalage représente un enjeu, voire un risque pour l’avenir du dialogue au Moyen-Orient. Ce risque peut cependant être transformé en une circonstance favorable, suivant les hypothèses conclusives de l’auteur.This paper represents a comparative study of the agendas of interreligious dialogue for Muslims and Christians in the Arab East. The author argues that the period following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 saw a major shift in the dialogue and poses new challenges for its protagonists. Indeed the dynamic involvement of important Muslim political institutions in dialogue propelled it on a global and inter-civilizational level without solving its local issues. This creates a gap between the expectations of Eastern Christians concerning the dialogue — a dialogue that is vital to their presence and living-together with Muslims in their societies — and those of Muslims who seek to globally correct through dialogue the image of Islam. This shift is a challenge, even a risk for the future of dialogue in the Middle East, but it nevertheless can be transformed into an opportunity according to the concluding hypothesis of the author

L'Inculturation dans le "Croissant" (les Eglises orientales catholiques dans la perspective d'une Eglise arabe)

Les Eglises orientales constituent le berceau du christianisme. Aussi sont-elles les témoins privilégiés du processus originel et intégral d'inculturation. Epousant la pluralité socioculturelle de son contexte, l'inculturation est devenue une matrice d'Eglises locales. Or, le contexte culturel de ces Eglises a radicalement évolué. Aujourd'hui, c'est l'arabité en prise avec la modernité et la mondialisation qui constitue le sitz im leben du processus inculturationnel dans le Croissant. Par conséquent, une nouvelle inculturation doit animer la vie de ces Eglises. D'un point de vue catholique, ce dynamisme est appelé à soulever trois défis : la mission, la communion et la catholicité. Nanties de la riche expérience du passé et d'une structure ecclésiale favorable, les Eglises orientales catholiques du Croissant arabe donnent aujourd'hui les premiers signes de ce renouveau. Il les place dans une perspective nouvelle, celle d'une Eglise d'Eglises, l'Eglise arabe.STRASBOURG-B.N.U.S. (674821001) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'hospitalité divine : l'autre dans le dialogue des théologies chrétienne et musulmane

Cet ouvrage présente aux lecteurs un exposé sur la question de la diversité religieuse du point de vue croyant. Il a pour but de clarifier ce qu'avancent la foi chrétienne et la foi musulmane sur l'altérité religieuse. Son discours n'est pas élaboré pour l'autre, au risque d'édulcorer la vérité au profit de plus de sympathie, mais représente une construction théologique systématique s'adressant avant tout au croyant lui-même. Le défi face auquel ce livre met d'abord le croyant est celui d'accepter d'avancer vers l'autre muni, non d'une identité religieuse figée comme d'une cuirasse, mais de la conviction que le message spirituel dont l'autre est porteur n'est peut-être pas étranger au plan de Dieu

Investigation of S21 Magnitude Extraction Methodologies by using a Pattern Generator and Sampling Oscilloscope

S-parameter measurements of a digital link path are measured with VNAs or high-end TDRs. For multi-port in-situ measurements, these become inconvenient and time consuming. However, it can be handled more conveniently in the time domain (TD) by using a pattern generator and a multichannel sampling oscilloscope, which are used for eye-diagram measurements. This paper outlines and compares three methods to extract S21 magnitude from the time domain measurements using a pattern generator and a sampling oscilloscope for any channel. The setup differs in terms of the input waveform and the processing. The comparison provides insight into the advantages and limitations of each method

Human fraternity & inclusive citizenship: interreligious engagement in the mediterranean

Polarization and discrimination linked to religion have been increasing in many parts of the world, including on the two shores of the Mediterranean. Against this background, however, seeds of hope have emerged from a number of religious leaders who have called for a new narrative of human fraternity and inclusive citizenship. This report analyzes the opportunities which human fraternity and inclusive citizenship offer for government-religious partnerships aimed at building more inclusive and peaceful societies across both shores of the Mediterranean and puts forward interreligious engagement as a new policy framework that recognizes and amplifies these novel dynamics. Can the interreligious narrative of human fraternity help to create new inclusive forms of citizenship? How can governments and international organizations better partner with religious leaders and communities to concretely build inclusive societies from the MENA region to Europe

Iron Acquisition in Bacillus cereus: The Roles of IlsA and Bacillibactin in Exogenous Ferritin Iron Mobilization

In host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease. To overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. The molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied; however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store thousands of iron atoms within its cavity. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, a surface protein named IlsA (Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) binds heme, hemoglobin and ferritin in vitro and is involved in virulence. Here, we demonstrate that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor causing ferritin aggregation on the bacterial surface. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that IlsA binds several types of ferritins through direct interaction with the shell subunits. UV-vis kinetic data show a significant enhancement of iron release from ferritin in the presence of IlsA indicating for the first time that a bacterial protein might alter the stability of the ferritin iron core. Disruption of the siderophore bacillibactin production drastically reduces the ability of B. cereus to utilize ferritin for growth and results in attenuated bacterial virulence in insects. We propose a new model of iron acquisition in B. cereus that involves the binding of IlsA to host ferritin followed by siderophore assisted iron uptake. Our results highlight a possible interplay between a surface protein and a siderophore and provide new insights into host adaptation of B. cereus and general bacterial pathogenesis. Author Summary Iron homeostasis is important for all living organisms; too much iron confers cell toxicity, and too little iron results in reduced cell fitness. While crucial for many cellular processes in both man and pathogens, a battle for this essential nutrient erupts during infection between the host and the invading bacteria. Iron is principally stored in ferritin, a large molecule able to bind several thousand iron ions. Although host ferritins represent a mine of iron for pathogens, studies of the mechanisms involved in its acquisition by bacteria are scarce. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, the surface protein IlsA is able to bind several host iron sources in vitro. In this study, we show that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor and enhances iron release from the ferritin through direct interaction with each ferritin subunit. Moreover, we demonstrate that the siderophore bacillibactin, a small secreted iron chelator, is essential for ferritin iron acquisition and takes part in B. cereus virulence. We propose a new iron acquisition model that provides new insights into bacterial host adaptation

Acute Kidney Injury Post-cardiac Surgery in Infants and Children: A Single-Center Experience in a Developing Country.

Introduction: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery varies between 15 and 64%, with a mortality rate of 10-89% among those requiring dialysis. This variation in the incidence and mortality of AKI across studies is probably due to the inconsistent definitions used for AKI. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with AKI post-cardiac surgery with emphasis on predisposing or aggravating factors. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the incidence of AKI using the KDIGO criteria in 150 infants and children undergoing cardiac surgeries between 2015 and 2017. Post-operatively, all patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care center in a developing country. This is a retrospective chart review in which data collected included age, gender, type of heart disease, prior cardiac surgeries, RACHS-1 category, and pre- and post-operative creatinine levels. Neonates were not included in this study. Results: Six percent of the studied patients were below 1 year of age, 84% 1-10 years, and 10% 10-18 years. Fourteen patients (9.3%) developed AKI. Patients with cyanotic heart disease were more prone to develop AKI (78%) compared to those with non-cyanotic heart disease (44%). Children with AKI had a higher length of stay in PICU, 2.56 ± 1.44 vs. 4 ± 2.66 (p- 0.02). Serum lactic acid was higher in patients who developed AKI with a mean value of 6.8 ± 6.9 vs. 2.85 ± 1.55 mmol/l in the non-AKI group (p- 0.03). Lower hemoglobin levels and hyperlactic acidemia were significantly more prevalent in the AKI group. There were five deaths in this series (3.3%), and four of those (80%) were in the AKI group. Conclusion: Using the KDIGO criteria, the incidence of AKI in infants and children following cardiac surgery was 9.3%. This is slightly lower than in previously published studies where the range was between 15 and 64%. Children with cyanotic cardiac disease, hyperlactic acidemia, and anemia were more prone to developing AKI. Identifying patients at risk might help decrease the risk of post-operative AKI