Desarrollo de tejido vascular en etapas precoces de combinaciones de injerto/patrón de diferente compatibilidad

Comunicación presentada en el X Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Hortícolas (Pontevedra, mayo de 2003), en su apartado "Fruticultura".El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar diferencias tempranas de compatibilidad en el desarrollo de uniones entre yemas del cultivar Moniquí de albaricoquero injertadas en plantas híbridas provenientes de cruzamientos interespecíficos entre albaricoquero y ciruelo Mirobolán.Peer reviewe

In Vitro Culture of ‘Myrobalan’ (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) Embryos

The definitive version is available at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/In vitro embryo culturing has arisen as a powerful tool for embryo germination of low-viability seeds. This tool has been used to germinate seeds of early-maturing or hybrid Prunus species. ‘Myrobalan’ (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) is a widely used rootstock for plum and apricot cultivars and its interspecific hybrids have a clear potential for breeding purposes. However, early seed abortion is often a problem in interspecific crosses because no protocol has been established yet for ‘Myrobalan’ seeds. In this work, we developed a procedure for in vitro germination of embryos of different sizes. Various factors affecting embryo germination such as the culture media, the presence of cotyledons, the stratification temperature, and the embryo size were tested in three different ‘Myrobalan’ clones. The developed protocol includes the use of full embryos that were stratified at 4 °C and cultured in C2d culture medium. The germination rate was strongly affected by the embryo size and reached 90% germination with intermediate- to large-sized embryos (6.5 to 10 mm). However, smaller embryos could also be germinated, and up to 30% germination was achieved with 0.5- to 2-mm long embryos. The results obtained here provide a protocol for in vitro germination of ‘Myrobalan’ embryos that will likely be helpful in breeding programs.This work was partially supported by the INIA-FEDER project RF2008-00029-C02-01 and by the Grupo de Excelencia A-43 (Gobierno de Aragón).Peer reviewe

Selección de híbridos interespecíficos para la obtención de nuevos patrones de albaricoquero

[ES] El cultivo del albaricoquero en el Valle Medio del Ebro está limitado por la falta de un patrón adaptado que se a compatible al injerto con las variedades más exigentes. En este trabajo se han combinado métodos convencionales de mejora con la selección precoz y el cultivo de tejidos, por un lado, y la selección con marcadores moleculares por otro, para obtener nueva variabilidad y seleccionar los clones de más interés. Se han realizado cruzamientos interespecíficos entre el patrón ciruelo Mirobolán y la variedad de albaricoquero Moniquí. Mediante el rescate de los embriones inmaduros y la micropropagación de los nuevos clones se han obtenido plantas clonales de las que se ha determinado su carácter híbrido mediante un test de paternidad basado en microsatélites. La detección precoz de la compatibilidad de injerto ha permitido identificar cuatro clones híbridos que tienen mayor aptitud al injerto con Maniquí y que serán evaluados agronómicamente en campo.[EN] Apricot culture in Central Ebro VaIley is limited due to the lack of a suitable rootstock that fit both adaptation and graft compatibility to the most demanding apricot varieties. In this work conventional breeding methods have been: combined, in the one hand, to early selection and tissue culture, and in the other hand, to marker assisted selection, to obtain new variability and to select the most interesting clones. Interspecific crosses between the plum rootstock Mirobolon and the apricot cultivar Moniquí have been made, and new clones have been obtained by embryo rescue and micropropagation of seedlings. A father hood test with SSRs markers wasper for med to as certain hybrid genotypes. Early detection of graft compatibility allowed us to identify four clones with higher compatibility degree with Moniquí that wilI be evaluated in the field.La financiación de este trabajo se ha debido al aporte de los Proyectos de Plan Nacional AGL2001-2414-C04-01 y AGL2002-03231 AGR-FOR, de los Proyectos CONSID-DGA P54/98 y P012/2001 y Grupo Consolidado pGA "Biología del desarrollo y material vegetal en frutales"(2002).Peer reviewe

Desarrollo de tejido vascular en etapas precoces de combinaciones de injerto/patrón de diferente compatibilidad

Comunicación presentada en el X Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Hortícolas (Pontevedra, mayo de 2003), en su apartado "Fruticultura".El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar diferencias tempranas de compatibilidad en el desarrollo de uniones entre yemas del cultivar Moniquí de albaricoquero injertadas en plantas híbridas provenientes de cruzamientos interespecíficos entre albaricoquero y ciruelo Mirobolán.Peer reviewe

Successful establishment of in vitro cultures of Prunus cerasifera hybrids by embryo culture of immature fruits

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 616: I International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants. 4 Pag., 2 Tabl. The definitive version is available at: http://www.actahort.org/Rapid obtaining of clonal plants is desirable to shorten crossing programs in fruit tree breeding. In this work, seedling germination and multiplication in vitro allowed us to establish successful in vitro cultures of hybrid seedlings. As a part of a breeding program in apricot rootstocks, we have obtained interespecific hybrid seeds after cross-pollination: myrobalan x apricot (Prunus cerasifera armeniaca). Immature fruits were harvested and embryos, isolated in aseptic conditions, were grown in culture medium. From a total of 419 seeds, we obtained a germination rate of 81.4%, succeeding in the rescue of 73% of aborting seeds. The successful micropropagation and acclimatization methods applied, yielded a high number of cloned plants from every cultured embryo, allowing us to obtain soil-established plants in a very short time. Advantages of in vitro germination and micropropagation versus conventional methods have been assessed from the point of view of the length of the process and the number of clonal plants obtained.This work was supported by projects CONSI+D-DGA P54/98 and CICYT AGF98-0277-C4-01Peer reviewe

Significant effect of accidental pollinations on the progeny of low setting Prunus interspecific crosses

The incidence of fortuitous pollination on interspecific hybridizations of the plum rootstock Myrobalan with the apricot cultivars 'Moniquí' and 'Moniquí Borde' was assessed in this work. Progeny was originated through hand pollination of emasculated flowers of three Myrobalan clones, without bagging, in 1998 and 1999. Fruit set was low and variable among years (1.8-8.0%), but higher than the level of accidental pollination measured with emasculated and non-pollinated flowers (1.2%). Molecular characterization of the progeny was performed with three SSR markers showing that only 28% of the seedlings, obtained by in vitro germination and culture of immature embryos, were hybrids. This represents a lower percentage than expected, and is explained here by the low viability of hybrid embryos and seedlings. The use of molecular markers is discussed in terms of a convenient method for an early identification of putative hybrids in breeding programs with low setting crosses, where the proportion of non-hybrids is magnified.This work was supported by projects CONSID-DGA: P012/2001, and CICYT: AGL2001-2414-C04-01 and AGL2002-03231-AGR-FOR. MED was supported by a fellowship from INTA, Argentina.Peer Reviewe

Curvas de tuberización : IV influencia de algunos factores en la pérdida de peso de papa almacenada

p.145-158Se estudió la pérdida de peso acumulativa porcentual (PPA por ciento) de tubérculos de papa Solanum tuberosum, L. , cultivares (cvs) Ballenera MAG, Huinkul MAG, Kennebec y Spunta, cosechas: 1983-84, 1984-85 y 1985-86. Muestras de 1 kg de peso de tubérculos calibrados y dispuestos en bolsas de red de arpileno se almacenaron por 6 meses en dos depósitos. Se registraron la temperatura, la pérdida de peso (PP) y la podredumbre de testigo (te) y tratadas con 20 ppm de CTPC (tr). Todos los cvs presentaron XI periodos de almacenamiento en los 3 años; las PP del mismo se ana 1 izaron por un test ANVA; te vs te y tr vs tr. La PPA por ciento fueron de 16,68 y 15,03 por ciento para te y tr en depósito Horticultura y 13.88 y 13,66 en Arata. En ambos depósitos, Kennebec v Spunta, años 1984-85 y 1985-86, te y tr presentaron las mayores PPA por ciento. El tratamiento con CIPC no aseguraría menor PP si las temperaturas iniciales de almacenamiento oscilan entre 20 y 30°C (Kokkalos, 1975; Ordóñez-Limongelli et al. ,1986 y 1985). La PPA por ciento es la resultante de temperatura de los depósitos, factores bioquímicos y fisiológicos de pre- y post-cosecha y forma del tubérculo que, considerados aisladamente, dificultan interpretar el fenómeno de la PP

Stratification Temperature Affects the In Vitro Germination of Immature Prunus Embryos

6 Pags.- 1 Tabl.- 2 Figs. The definitive version is available at: https://www.actahort.org/index.htmI International Symposium on Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruit Tree SpeciesThe rapid multiplication of clonal plants is desirable to shorten crossing programs in fruit tree breeding. In vitro stratification and germination allowed us to shorten the time and to improve the germination rates by embryo rescue. In this work, two stratification temperatures (0º and 4ºC) were compared and related to the development of interspecific hybrid embryos. The influence of embryo size was also determined, in order to optimise the process. Data showed that germination took place in 91% of the seeds when the stratification temperature was 4ºC. During stratification, embryo weight and embryo-weight increment were assessed at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Stratification temperature showed a significant effect in both embryo weight and embryo-weight increment 60 days after sowing, while embryo size showed a smaller influence. Embryo culture and stratification at 4 ºC allowed a satisfactory germination of immature seeds produced in crosses from breeding programs.This work was supported by projects CONSID – DGA: P012/2001, CICYT: AGF98-0277-C04-01 and CICYT: AGL2001-2414-C04-01.Peer reviewe

Rootstock breeding program for apricot through interspecific crosses of Myrobalan x apricot: Significant effect of accidental pollinations

A rootstock breeding programme for apricot is being developed through interspecific crosses of the Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) and the 'Moniqui' and 'Moniqui Borde' (P. armeniaca L.) apricot cultivars. In this work, the incidence of accidental pollinations on these low-setting hybridisations was assessed. The progeny originated through hand-pollination of emasculated flowers of three Myrobalan clones, in three consecutive years. Fruit set was low and variable among years (1.8-8.0%), but higher than the level of accidental pollination measured with emasculated and non-pollinated flowers (1.2%). The molecular characterisation of the progeny was performed with three SSR markers. The results show that, from the 278 genotypes evaluated, 73 appeared to be hybrids and 205 did not. The procedure to obtain hybrid plants is discussed here in terms of the loss of hybrid clones along the process from pollination to field cultivation.Peer Reviewe

Germinación in vitro de semillas inmaduras de mirobolán (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.)

En este trabajo se exponen los resultados preliminares de la puesta a punto de la técnica de cultivo de embriones inmaduros de mirobolán, presentando los resultados de la germinación in vitro de semillas inmaduras.Peer reviewe