Förderung der »historischen Mündigkeit« durch ideologiekritische Überlegungen

McLean P. Förderung der »historischen Mündigkeit« durch ideologiekritische Überlegungen. In: Danker U, ed. Geschichtsunterricht - Geschichtsschulbücher - Geschichtskultur. Aktuelle geschichtsdidaktische Forschungen des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für Geschichtsdidaktik. Vol Band 15. Göttingen: V&R unipress; 2017: 65-83

Predictors of psychiatric comorbidity in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital

Purpose: A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on one's mental health. The present study investigated the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital. Methods: Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed shortly before hospital discharge and half a year after hospitalization using a structured clinical interview (SCID), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Frequencies at both time points were estimated using percentages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predictors of mental disorders were identified using binary logistic regression models. Results: At the time of hospital discharge, 39 out of 334 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity, and 15 (7%) were diagnosed half a year later. Among the diagnoses, adjustment disorders (3%) were most frequent at the time of hospital release, while major depression (3%) was the most frequent 6 months later. Having a mental disorder was associated with unemployment (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.1-10.9, p = 0.04). There was no evidence that school education (OR 2.0, CI 0.4-9.0, p = 0.38), higher education (OR 0.7, CI 0.2-2.4, p = 0.60), income (OR 1.0, CI 1.0-1.0, p = 0.06), tumor stage (OR 1.1, CI 0.4-3.2, p = 0.85), type of disease (OR 0.6, CI 0.2-2.1, p = 0.47), pain (OR 1.0, CI 1.0-1.0, p = 0.15), fatigue (OR 1.0, CI 1.0-1.0, p = 0.77), or physical functioning (OR 1.0, CI 1.0-1.0, p = 0.54) were related to the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions: Unemployment was associated with at least a threefold increased risk of mental disorder, which highlights the need for special attention to be given to this subgroup of cancer patients

Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii-induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23–mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii–induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23–dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down-regulated and dispensable. CD4+ T cells were the main source of IL-22 in the small intestinal lamina propria. Thus, IL-23 regulates small intestinal inflammation via IL-22 but independent of IL-17. Gelatinases may be useful targets for treatment of intestinal inflammation