The impact of hybridization on morphological variation on Xiphophorus fishes

Hybridization can produce novel phenotypic variation which may allow hybrid populations to evolve in novel directions relative to parentals. Hybridization can produce intermediate as well as extreme phenotypes with respect to the parent species. Furthermore, separate hybridization events may create phenotypically divergent populations compared to the parentals but also to other hybrid zones. The hybrid system of Xiphophorus birchmanni and X. malinche has been shown to be replicated independently in seven streams along an elevation gradient. The sword sexual ornament is an extension of the ventral portion of the caudal fin that has been secondarily lost in X. birchmanni but persists in X. malinche and is polymorphic in hybrids. Female X. birchmanni have lost a preference for the sword and female X. malinche and hybrids are indifferent to males with swords. To determine if these replicated hybrid zones have unique introgression of the sword, morphometric data of the parental species and hybrids were collected across the hybrid zones. Though there was a general trend for the increase of the sword as one moved towards a more X. malinche-like population, the hybrid zones displayed variation for the introgression of the sword

Exercícios para liberação da tensão e do trauma : aplicação a situações de violência conjugal

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2013.A violência conjugal tem sido considerada um grave problema de saúde pública. Reflete diferenças de poder entre homens e mulheres nas esferas privada e social. Está relacionada também ao uso de formas comunicacionais e de resolução de conflitos violentas. As condutas violentas constituem uma resposta extremada ao estresse e são também produtoras de estresse, trazendo consequências físicas e emocionais deletérias a todas as pessoas envolvidas. O foco deste trabalho foi conhecer relações entre estresse, gênero e violência, de forma a contribuir para o delineamento de intervenções inovadoras e eficazes. O objetivo geral foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação dos Exercícios para Liberação da Tensão e do Trauma (TRE) em homens e mulheres em situação de violência conjugal, quanto aos níveis de estresse e enfrentamento à situação de violência. Participaram da pesquisa 14 mulheres e 15 homens envolvidos em processos judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios devido às denúncias de mulheres vítimas de violência em seu relacionamento conjugal. As/os participantes foram divididas/os em dois Grupos de Intervenção – um de homens e um de mulheres – e em dois Grupos de Comparação – um de homens e um de mulheres. Aos Grupos Intervenção foi aplicada a técnica TRE e demais procedimentos da pesquisa. Nos Grupos Comparação foram aplicados todos os procedimentos de pesquisa, com exceção da técnica TRE. A técnica TRE mostrou-se adequada e eficaz como ferramenta interventiva nos casos de violência contra a mulher. As mulheres e os homens que receberam a intervenção demonstraram menos sinais de anestesia emocional, ampliaram sua capacidade de percepção de sinais corporais de estresse, fizeram uma avaliação mais acurada dos riscos de reincidência da violência e da tensão e estresse relacional e passaram a adotar estratégias mais ativas de prevenção a novos episódios de violência. A continuidade da prática regular de TRE mostrou-se fundamental para manutenção, consolidação e ampliação dos benefícios da técnica para todos os casos. Os resultados evidenciaram também uma clara relação entre as categorias gênero, estresse e violência. A comparação entre homens e mulheres, tanto dos Grupos Intervenção quanto dos Grupos Comparação, revelou que as experiências subjetivas de homens e mulheres em situação de violência são bastante distintas. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTMarital violence has been considered a serious public health issue. It reflects the power differences between men and women in the private and social spheres. It is also related to the use of violent communications and conflict resolutions strategies. The violent behaviors constitute an extreme reaction to stress and are, at the same time, stress producers, generating deleterious physical and emotional consequences to everyone involved. The focus of this research was to understand the relationships between stress, gender and violence in order to contribute to the design of innovative and effective interventions. The general objective was to evaluate the effects of the application of Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises (TRE) in the levels of stress and in the strategies used to deal with violence of men and women leaving in marital violent relationships. Participated in the research 15 men and 14 women involved in a domestic violence judicial process at the Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios, related to a legal complaint made by women victims. The participants were assigned to two Intervention Groups - one of women and the other of men - and two Control Groups - one of women and the other of men. The participants of the Intervention Groups received the TRE technique and other research procedures; the Control Groups participants went through the research procedures only. The TRE technique proved to be an adequate intervention technique to be used in domestic violence cases. Men and women who were exposed to the intervention diminished their levels of emotional anesthesia, heightened their levels of perception of corporal stress signs, were able to give a more accurate evaluation of the level of risk of recidivism of violence and relational stress and tension and were able to adopt more active strategies to prevent new episodes of violence. The continuity of a regular practice of the TRE exercises was essential for the maintenance, consolidation and expansion of the benefits of the technique for all cases. The results also showed a clear relationship between gender, stress and violence. The comparison between men and women who participated in the Intervention Groups or in the Control Groups revealed that the subjective experiences of men and women who are part of a violent relationship are very distinct

Population Genetics of the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and Western South Atlantic

The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, is an important species in estuarine habitats, serving as both predator and prey to other species, and plays a pivotal ecological and economic role throughout its range. In recent years, however, its populations have been declining. Declining blue crab populations will negatively affect critically endangered organisms that depend on the blue crab, like Kemp’s Ridley sea turtles and whooping cranes, as well as commercially important fish species, such as red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic population structure, which can be affected by population reductions. Previous research provides conflicting evidence of genetic variation in the blue crab across its range. Some studies have identified significant population structure in blue crabs in the Gulf of Mexico, attributed to seasonality, catastrophic events, and post-larval selection, while others have found genetic homogeneity in the Texas coast, possibly due to gene flow by larval dispersal. The results from previous studies are being used to implement management strategies, despite their limitations. In this study, population structure of the blue crab was assessed throughout the Gulf of Mexico, in the Chesapeake Bay, and southern Brazil using sixteen microsatellite markers. The results show high levels of gene flow for the blue crabs in the United States (GST = 0.005; DST = 0.015), with no genetic differentiation identified by any of the analyses. There is evidence of strong genetic differentiation between the U.S. and Brazil (GST = 0.067; DST = 0.056). No signs of a recent bottleneck were detected in any of the populations. Estimated NE was very high for all populations. This information will aid management decisions for the blue crab and help preserve this important species by improving stock delineations and providing a baseline of genetic diversity

Uma proposta de reorganização do posto de coleta e da atenção dada ao aleitamento materno em um hospital amigo da criança no município de Natal/RN

TCC(especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Linhas de Cuidado em Saúde Materna, Neonatal e do LactanteO presente trabalho trata-se de um projeto de intervenção a ser realizado no Hospital Amigo da Criança denominado Unidade Materno Infantil de Saúde Integrada das Quintas, no município de Natal/RN, tendo como objetivos: Capacitar as equipes de enfermagem no apoio, incentivo e promoção ao aleitamento materno, orientar e acompanhar a equipe de enfermagem na organização, conforme normativas atuais do posto de coleta de leite humano, instituir protocolos para ordenha, manter periodicidade de contato com o banco de leite de referência, melhorar o manejo do leite cru e pasteurizado e capacitar a equipe de enfermagem do hospital com treinamento em aleitamento materno como preconiza a Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança. O trabalho realizar-se-á do mês de Maio a Setembro de 2014 e contará com o apoio da comissão de aleitamento materno da Unidade, terá como programação o desenvolvimento de capacitações para as categorias que estão envolvidas com o processo de aleitamento materno contabilizando 10 horas de duração para os encontros, e ao final, a entrega de certificado de participação aos que foram instruídos. A iniciativa espera incentivar profissionais a direcionarem um olhar mais responsável e compromissado a esta finalidade, que as diretrizes preconizadas pela Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança possam ser cumpridas, que o nosso projeto de intervenção possa trazer uma forma mais adequada de trabalho àqueles que ainda não internalizaram a proposta que preconiza o Ministério da Saúde e que se possa despertar nos que atuam nesta instituição um desejo de doação a esta causa

Profissional da informação : perfil de habilidades demandadas pelo mercado

The present article deals our area of interest, that concerns in a research about the information professional performance in the knowledge organizations. A study of the market demand to by that professional will be accomplished close the consulting companies and of recruitment and selection of human resources. It will be studied the information professional profile, training and abilities requested by the market.O presente artigo aborda a nossa área de interesse, que diz respeito a uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a atuação do profissional da informação em organizações do conhecimento. Será realizado um estudo da demanda de mercado por esse profissional junto às empresas de consultorias e de recrutamento e seleção de recursos humanos. Será estudado o perfil do profissional da informação, capacitação e habilidades requeridas pelo mercado

The place of affect, the affect for the place : what do the elderly say?

Este estudo investigou os lugares favoritos, os lugares evitados e os afetos a eles relacionados como exemplos de estratégias de regulação das emoções. Um total de 340 participantes (169 homens e 171 mulheres), com idades entre 60 e 90 anos, residentes em Brasília e Natal, responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, indicando os lugares favoritos quando se sentem alegres e quando não se sentem alegres, os lugares evitados e as razões para tais escolhas. Os resultados apontam preferência por ambientes facilitadores de interação social quando se sentem alegres e, em seguida, a sua própria casa. Essas preferências se invertem, quando não se sentem alegres, sendo indicado também que lugares agitados e cheios de estimulação são evitados. Foram encontradas mais similaridades do que diferenças quanto ao local de residência e poucas diferenças quanto ao gênero. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da perspectiva do curso de vida, bem como da influência recíproca pessoa versus ambiente. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study investigated the favorite and the avoided places, as well as the affects related to them as examples of environmental strategies of emotional regulation. A total of 340 participants (169 male and 171 female), between 60 to 90 years old, living in two Brazilian capitals, Brasília and Natal, responded individually to a semi-structured interview about their favorite places when they are happy and unhappy, the places they avoid and the reasons for these choices. The results point out to preferences, when they are happy, for environments that allow for social interaction and, next, for their own homes. When the respondents are not happy, the order of those preferences is reverse, and they refer also to places that are agitated and full of stimulation as avoided. It was found more similarities than differences with respect to place of residence, and few differences regarding to gender. Results are discussed in terms of the lifespan perspective as well as the reciprocal influence between person versus environment

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma without paraproteinemia

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is a chronic granulomatous and xantomathous disease, characterized by indurated, nontender, yellowish and erythematous nodules and plaques especially located on the periorbital region. It is commonly associated with paraproteinemia and an increased risk for hematological and lymphoproliferative malignancies. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. Alkylating agents, such as chlorambucil and melphalan may be used to treat the disease with variable success. We report a case of this rare disease in a patient with a solitary tumor and without paraproteinemia.O xantogranuloma necrobiótico é doença crônica granulomatosa e xantomatosa, caracterizada por pápulas e placas infiltradas, eritematosas e amareladas, preferencialmente localizadas na região periorbital. É comum associar-se com paraproteinemia e risco aumentado para malignidades hematológicas e linfoproliferativas. Sua patogênese permanece desconhecida. Agentes alquilantes, como clorambucil e melfalan, podem ser utilizados no tratamento com sucesso variável. Relata-se um exemplo dessa rara doença em paciente com lesão única e sem paraproteinemia.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Dermatologia Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, Depto. de Dermatologia Escola Paulista de MedicinaSciEL

Prevalence of and factors associated with benzodiazepine use in community-resident elderly persons

Objective: to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of benzodiazepines in elderly persons living in the community. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted through a household survey of 423 elderly persons from Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To analyze the factors associated with the outcome, the Poisson regression model was used, based on the theoretical model of determination with hierarchical blocks. The variables were adjusted within each block, with those with a 5% significance level remaining in the final model. Result: The prevalence of benzodiazepine use was 18.3% (95% CI 15.2 to 21.6). Most benzodiazepines used had a long-elimination half-life (59.2%) and use was considered long in 85.5% of users. Among benzodiazepine users 38.4% also used antidepressants. The use of these drugs was associated with the presence of selfreported mental and behavioral disorders, polypharmacy and medical visits in the last three months. Conclusion: The use of benzodiazepines was considered high among the elderly. The reduction in the prescription of these drugs should be assessed individually, considering the physiological alterations of the elderly and the adverse effects of drugs, in order to minimize incorrect prescriptions.

Macrocolony of NDM-1 producing Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae generates subpopulations with different features regarding the response of antimicrobial agents and biofilm formation

Enterobacter cloacae complex has been increasingly recognized as a nosocomial pathogen representing the third major Enterobacteriaceae species involved with infections. This study aims to evaluate virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of subpopulations generated from macrocolonies of NDM-1 producing Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolates. Biofilm was quantified using crystal violet method and fimbrial genes were investigated by PCR. Susceptibility of antimicrobials, alone and combined, was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration and checkerboard assays, respectively. Virulence and efficacy of antimicrobials were evaluated in Galleria mellonella larvae. Importantly, we verified that some subpopulations that originate from the same macrocolony present different biofilm production ability and distinct susceptibility to meropenem due to the loss of blaNDM-1 encoding plasmid. A more in-depth study was performed with the 798 macrocolony subpopulations. Type 3 fimbriae were straightly related with biofilm production; however, virulence in larvae was not statistically different among subpopulations. Triple combination with meropenem–rifampicin–polymyxin B showed in vitro synergistic effect against all subpopulations; while in vivo this treatment showed different efficacy rates for 798-1S and 798-4S subpopulations. The ability of multidrug resistant E. hormaechei isolates in generating bacterial subpopulations presenting different susceptible and virulence mechanisms are worrisome and may explain why these infections are hardly overcome