Calcium partially relieves the deleterius effects of hypoxia on a maize cultivar selected for waterlogging tolerance

Low soil oxygen concentrations due to waterlogging or transient flooding severely reduce maize production. However, genotypes with tolerance or even resistance to hypoxia develop morphological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms which may prove to be useful criteria for the selection and breeding of new improved genotypes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of levels and modes of application of calcium sources on biomass yield, the contents of total soluble sugars and reduced sugars and on the activities of invertase isoforms and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, in a maize variety (BRS 4154) derived from the 14th selection cycle for tolerance to transient soil flooding conditions, when cultivated under waterlogging conditions. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, utilizing 20 kg pots, filled with a lowland soil. The effects of two sources of calcium (CaCl2 , 300 kg ha-1 and CaSO4 , 500 and 1.500 kg ha-1) and three modes of application (applied 8 cm below surface, mixed with the whole soil volume and surface application) were tested in soils kept at field capacity and waterlogged after plants reached growth stage V6. Above ground biomass yield, the contents of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars and the activities of the neutral citosol (INC), acid vacuolar (IAV), acid cell wall invertases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were determined at the onset of flowering. Calcium application partially relieved the deleterious effect of waterlogging on biomass yield and the activities of INC, IAPC and PEPcase.Maíz-Zea may

Capital account regulations and the trading system: a compatibility review

This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Center Task Force Reports, a publication series that began publishing in 2009 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. Spanish version produced by the Center for the Study of State and Society, Buenos Aires. Portuguese version coordinated by Daniela Magalhaes Prates, a contributing author of the report, in collaboration with Ana Trivellato (translator), and Maria Inês Amorozo (graphic designer).This report is the product of the Pardee Center Task Force on Regulating Capital Flows for Long-Run Development and builds on the Task Force´s first report published in March 2012. The Pardee Center Task Force was convened initially in September 2011 as consensus was emerging that the global financial crisis has re-confirmed the need to regulate cross-border finance. The March 2012 report argues that international financial institutions – and in particular the International Monetary Fund – need to support measures that would allow capital account regulations (CARs) to become a standard and effective part of the macroeconomic policy toolkit. Yet some policymakers and academics expressed concern that many nations — and especially developing countries — may not have the flexibility to adequately deploy such regulations because of trade and investment treaties they are party to. In June 2012, the Pardee Center, with the Center for the Study of State and Society (CEDES) in Argentina and Global Development and Environment Institute (GDAE) at Tufts University, convened a second Task Force workshop in Buenos Aires specifically to review agreements at the WTO and various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) for the extent to which the trading regime is compatible with the ability to deploy effective capital account regulations. This report presents the findings of that review, and highlights a number of potential incompatibilities found between the trade and investment treaties and the ability to deploy CARs. It also highlights an alarming lack of policy space to use CARs under a variety of FTAs and BITs—especially those involving the United States. Like the first report, it was written by an international group of experts whose goal is to help inform discussions and decisions by policymakers at the IMF and elsewhere that will have implications for the economic health and development trajectories for countries around the world

Educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with nursing professionals of the operating room

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with operating room nurses. METHOD A quasi-experimental study, aimed at an educational intervention of short duration with the nursing staff in the operating room of the institution hosting the research in the city of São Paulo, with the participation of 96 professionals. Pre-intervention tests and post-intervention tests were applied, which consisted of a lecture followed by simulation. RESULTS Considering the overall results of the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (pOBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educativa sobre a hipertermia maligna com profissionais de enfermagem do centro cirúrgico. MÉTODO Estudo quase-experimental, voltado a uma intervenção educativa de curta duração com a equipe de enfermagem do centro cirúrgico da instituição-sede da pesquisa, situada na cidade de São Paulo, com a participação de 96 profissionais. Foram aplicados pré e pós-teste à intervenção, que consistiu em aula expositiva seguida de simulação. RESULTADOS Considerando-se os resultados globais da intervenção, houve diferença estatística significativa (pOBJETIVO Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa acerca de la hipertermia maligna con profesionales de enfermería del quirófano. MÉTODO Estudio casi experimental, volcado a una intervención educativa de corta duración con el equipo de enfermería del quirófano de la institución sede de la investigación, ubicada en la ciudad de São Paulo, con la participación de 96 profesionales. Se aplicaron pre y post prueba a la intervención, que consistió en clase expositiva seguida de simulación. RESULTADOS Considerándose los resultados globales de la intervención, hubo diferencia estadística significativa (

Liderazgo en enfermería: análisis del proceso de elección de jefes

The process of choosing heads can be strategic to achieve desired results in nursing care. This study presents an exploratory and descriptive research that aims to analyze the process of choosing heads for the ward, in the nursing area of a teaching hospital in Porto Alegre. Data was collected from registered nurses, technicians and nursing auxiliaries through a semi-structured interview technique and free choice of words. Three theme categories emerged from content analysis: process of choosing heads, managerial competences of the head-to-be and team articulation. Leadership was the word most frequently associated with the process of choosing heads. The consultation process for the choice of the leader also contributes to the success of the manager, as it makes the team members feel co-responsible for the results achieved and legitimizes the head-to-be in their group.El proceso de elección de dirigentes se reviste de importancia estratégica para el alcance de los resultados deseados en el cuidado de enfermería. Este estudio presenta una investigación exploratoria descriptiva, con el objetivo de analizar el proceso de elección de jefes de unidad, en el área de enfermería de un hospital de enseñanza, habiendo recolectado datos con enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería, mediante entrevista semiestructurada y evocación libre de palabras. Del análisis de contenido, emergieron tres categorías temáticas: 1) proceso de elección de jefes, 2) competencias administrativas del futuro jefe y, 3) articulación del equipo. La palabra liderazgo fue la más frecuentemente asociada al proceso de elección de jefes. El proceso de consulta para la elección de jefes contribuye para el éxito de la administración, ya que responsabiliza a los miembros del equipo por los resultados alcanzados y otorga legitimidad al futuro jefe del grupo.O processo de escolha de dirigentes reveste-se de importância estratégica para o alcance dos resultados desejados do cuidado de enfermagem. Este estudo apresenta pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com o objetivo de analisar o processo de escolha de chefias de unidade, na área de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino, tendo-se coletado dados com enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e evocação livre de palavras. Da análise de conteúdo, emergiram três categorias temáticas: processo de escolha de chefias, competências gerenciais do futuro chefe e articulação da equipe. Liderança compreendeu a palavra mais frequentemente associada ao processo de escolha de chefia. O processo consultivo para a escolha dos chefes contribui para o sucesso da gestão, pois corresponsabiliza os membros da equipe pelos resultados alcançados e legitima o futuro chefe em seu grupo

Saúde única e tuberculose: comunicação entre os entes da administração

Tuberculosis is a reemerging disease of great epidemiological interest for public health agencies. Within the scope of zoonotic diseases, bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis. This pathological agent affects mainly cattle, but also can infect domestic, wild animals and humans. Tuberculosis continues to have a global distribution and affects several countries, especially those in development. It is a matter of great importance in the definition of public policies regarding the right to health. To combat zoonotic tuberculosis more effectively, a well-structured information chain is needed that allows for the circulation of information between the various agencies, especially the departments and ministries of agriculture and health. Therefore, to confront tuberculosis, it is important to apply integrative strategies between the animal health defense agencies and the public and environmental health agencies, so that information can be exchanged between the various health agencies. Therefore, to cope with tuberculosis, it is important to apply integrative strategies between animal health, defense agencies and those of public and environmental health, so that information is exchanged between the various organs of the administration. Keywords: Government programs. Law. Constitution. Mycobacterium bovis.La tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente de gran interés epidemiológico para los organismos de salud pública. Dentro del ámbito de las enfermedades zoonóticas, la tuberculosis bovina es una enfermedad crónica causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium bovis. Este agente patológico afecta principalmente al ganado, así como a los animales domésticos y salvajes, y puede infectar a los seres humanos. La tuberculosis sigue teniendo una distribución mundial y afecta a varios países, especialmente a los que están en vías de desarrollo. Se trata de una cuestión de gran importancia en la definición de las políticas públicas, en relación con el derecho a la salud. Para combatir más eficazmente la tuberculosis zoonótica, es necesaria una cadena de información bien estructurada que permita la circulación de información entre los diferentes organismos, especialmente las secretarías y los ministerios de agricultura y salud. Por lo tanto, para la lucha contra la tuberculosis, es importante aplicar estrategias integradas entre los organismos de defensa de la salud animal y los organismos de salud pública y ambiental, de modo que haya un intercambio de información entre los distintos organismos sanitarios. Por lo tanto, para hacer frente a la tuberculosis, es importante aplicar estrategias integradoras entre las agencias de defensa de la salud animal y las de salud pública y ambiental, de modo que se intercambie información entre las diversas agencias de la administración. Palabras clave: Programas gubernamentales. La ley. Constitución, Mycobacterium bovis.A tuberculose é uma doença reemergente de grande interesse epidemiológico para os órgãos vinculados à saúde pública. No âmbito das doenças zoonóticas, a tuberculose bovina é uma doença de evolução crônica causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium bovis. Este agente patológico acomete principalmente bovinos, além de animais domésticos e silvestres, podendo infectar seres humanos. A tuberculose continua tendo distribuição global e atingindo diversos países, principalmente aqueles em desenvolvimento, sendo assunto de grande importância nas definições de políticas públicas, no que concerne ao direito à saúde. Assim, neste artigo se verificou a concepção de saúde única incluindo a tuberculose como um agravo importante para saúde pública, e como os diferentes entes institucionais devem integrar as ações quando há o diagnóstico de tuberculose nos rebanhos bovinos ou na população em geral. Percebeu-se que para um enfrentamento mais efetivo da tuberculose zoonótica é necessária uma cadeia de informação bem estruturada que permita a circulação de informação entre os mais diversos órgãos, sobretudo secretarias e ministérios da agricultura, pecuária e abastecimento e saúde. Portanto, para o enfrentamento da tuberculose, é importante a aplicação de estratégias integrativas entre os órgãos de defesa sanitária animal e os de saúdes pública e ambiental, para que ocorra a troca de informações entre os diversos órgãos da administração. Palavras-chave: Programas governamentais. Direito. Constituição. Mycobacterium bovis

Influéncia da aplicacao de cálcio e alagamento do solo sobre características anatómicas das folhas de milho (Zea mays L.) ¨Saracura¨ BRS-4154

A cultivar de milho “Saracura” BRS-4154 apresenta-se tolerante às condições de hipoxia decorrentes do encharcamento do solo. Alterações fisiológicas e anatômicas estão envolvidas no processo de adaptação de plantas a ambientes com baixa pressão de oxigênio. Ao mesmo tempo, o cálcio, além de ser um elemento estrutural que participa dos constituintes da parede celular, mostrou-se eficiente no aumento da tolerância de plantas do milho “Saracura” submetidas a estresse gasoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações morfo-anatômicas das folhas da cultivar de milho “Saracura” sob influência da aplicação de cloreto de cálcio e alagamento do solo em plantas em estádio de floração. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, cujos tratamentos consistiram na aplicação ou não de cálcio ao solo com irrigação normal ou alagamento. Cortes transversais e paradérmicos foram preparados de acordo com as técnicas usuais de microtécnica vegetal. Foram observadas alterações significativas para o tamanho dos estômatos, ângulo de curvatura de lâmina foliar, diâmetro polar de células buliformes e espessura de nervura mediana, feixe vascular, metaxilema, mesofilo, epiderme das superfícies adaxial e abaxial.Cacao-Theobroma caca

Elimination of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the forebrain causes hyperactivity and deficits in spatial memory and long-term potentiation

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, which innervate the hippocampus and cortex, have been implicated in many forms of cognitive function. Immunolesion-based methods in animal models have been widely used to study the role of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmission in these processes, with variable results. Cholinergic neurons have been shown to release both glutamate and ACh, making it difficult to deduce the specific contribution of each neurotransmitter on cognition when neurons are eliminated. Understanding the precise roles of ACh in learning and memory is critical because drugs that preserve ACh are used as treatment for cognitive deficits. It is therefore important to define which cholinergic-dependent behaviors could be improved pharmacologically. Here we investigate the contributions of forebrain ACh on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior by selective elimination of the vesicular ACh transporter, which interferes with synaptic storage and release of ACh. We show that elimination of vesicular ACh transporter in the hippocampus results in deficits in long-term potentiation and causes selective deficits in spatial memory. Moreover, decreased cholinergic tone in the forebrain is linked to hyperactivity, without changes in anxiety or depression-related behavior. These data uncover the specific contribution of forebrain cholinergic tone for synaptic plasticity and behavior. Moreover, these experiments define specific cognitive functions that could be targeted by cholinergic replacement therapy

Evolution, structure and emerging roles of C1ORF112 in DNA replication, DNA damage responses, and cancer

The C1ORF112 gene initially drew attention when it was found to be strongly co‐expressed with several genes previously associated with cancer and implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, such as RAD51 and the BRCA genes. The molecular functions of C1ORF112 remain poorly understood, yet several studies have uncovered clues as to its potential functions. Here, we review the current knowledge on C1ORF112 biology, its evolutionary history, possible functions, and its potential relevance to cancer. C1ORF112 is conserved throughout eukaryotes, from plants to humans, and is very highly conserved in primates. Protein models suggest that C1ORF112 is an alpha-helical protein. Interestingly, homozygous knockout mice are not viable, suggesting an essential role for C1ORF112 in mammalian development. Gene expression data show that, among human tissues, C1ORF112 is highly expressed in the testes and overexpressed in various cancers when compared to healthy tissues. C1ORF112 has also been shown to have altered levels of expression in some tumours with mutant TP53. Recent screens associate C1ORF112 with DNA replication and reveal possible links to DNA damage repair pathways, including the Fanconi anaemia pathway and homologous recombination. These insights provide important avenues for future research in our efforts to understand the functions and potential disease relevance of C1ORF112

Lower insulin-dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) is associated with less complications in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes treated with hematopoetic stem-cell transplantation and conventional therapy

Objective: To evaluate the association between insulin-dose adjusted A1C (IDAA1c) and microvascular complications (MC) and hypoglycemia in a representative Brazilian population of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Research Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a previous study, “Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: a comparative analysis of patients treated with autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST) and conventional medical therapy (CT)”. The 168 patients in that study (144 from CT plus 24 from AHST) were re-subdivided into two groups, according to their IDAA1c values (30 patients had IDAA1c ≤ 9; 138 had IDAA1c > 9). Then, the prevalence of MC (diabetic renal disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy), hypoglycemia (blood glucose <60 mg/dL), and severe hypoglycemic (episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of another person to treat) events were compared between the groups. The groups were well-matched on these factors: duration of disease, sex, and age at the time of diagnosis of T1DM. Results: After an average of 8 years after diagnosis, only 6.6% (2/30) of the patients from IDAA1c ≤ 9 group developed any MC, whereas 21.0% (29/138) from the IDAA1c > 9 group had at least one complication (p = 0.044). Regarding hypoglycemic events, the proportion of individuals who reported at least 1 episode of hypoglycemia in the last month was 43.3 and 64.7% from the IDAA1c ≤ 9 and IDAA1c > 9 groups, respectively (p = 0.030). Regarding severe hypoglycemia, the proportion of patients presenting at least one episode in the last month and the rate of episode/patient/month were similar between groups (6.7 vs. 13.2%; p = 0.535; and 0.1/patient/month vs. 0.25/patient/month; p = 0.321). Conclusion: In a representative Brazilian population of T1DM patients, those with IDAA1c ≤ 9 presented a lower frequency of MC, as well as fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, in the month prior to the analysis.publishedVersio