Tradução, adaptação ao espanhol e validação da Escala de Bem-Estar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh em uma mostra de adultos maiores argentinos

El estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwick- Edinburgh luego de realizar la traducción directa y revertida y su adaptación al español. Se validó la escala mediante su aplicación a una muestra de 910 adultos mayores argentinos, con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 96 años (media 81.4 años; DE 10.9 años). Se obtuvieron los siguientes indicadores: distribución de respuestas, consistencia interna, confiabilidad test-retest, validez de constructo, y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En cuatro de los ítems se debieron modificar los términos para mantener la equivalencia conceptual con el original. El índice de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach (0.89), la correlación ítem-escala total (0.41-0.78), el índice test-retest medido mediante el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI) (0.91) mostraron un nivel satisfactorio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceptable; un valor CFI igual a 0.963, un valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior al deseado) y un GFI con un valor de 0.991. Se obtuvo una solución de dos factores, por lo cual no se pudo sostener la hipótesis de uni-dimensionalidad de la escala original. Se concluye que la escala traducida y adaptada al español para una muestra de adultos mayores no institucionalizados tiene un ajuste adecuado, con alta consistencia interna y buena confiabilidad test-retest, con iguales valores de constructo que el instrumento original, lo que permitiría su uso en la población adulta mayor.O estudo analisa as propriedades psicométricas e a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Bem-estar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh depois de realizar a tradução direta e revertida e sua adaptação ao espanhol. Validou-se a escala mediante sua aplicação a uma mostra de 910 adultos maiores argentinos, com idades compreendidas entre 71 e 96 anos (média 81.4 anos; DE 10.9 anos). Obtiveram-se os seguintes indicadores: distribuição de respostas, consistência interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade de constructo, e realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Em quatro dos itens tiveram que ser modificados os termos para manter a equivalência conceitual com o original. O índice de confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach (0.89), a correlação item-escala total (0.41-0.78), o índice teste-reteste medido mediante o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) (0.91) mostraram um nível satisfatório. A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou um RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceitável; um valor CFI igual a 0.963, um valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior ao desejado) e um GFI com um valor de 0.991. Obteve-se uma solução de dois fatores, pelo qual não de pôde sustentar a hipótese de uni-dimensionalidade da escala original. Concluise que a escala traduzida e adaptada ao espanhol para uma mostra de adultos maiores não institucionalizados tem um ajuste adequado, com alta consistência interna e boa confiabilidade teste-reteste, com iguais valores de constructo que o instrumento original, o que permitiria seu uso na população adulta maior.The study assesses psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale after forward and backward translations and Spanish adaptation. The scale was validated by applying it to a sample of 910 Argentine elders, with ages ranging from 71 and 96 years (media 81.4 years; SD 10.9 years). The following measures were obtained: response distributions, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In four of the original items, phrasing was modified to keep conceptual equivalence with the original instrument. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.89), item-total scale (0.41-0.78) and test-retest measured by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.91) were deemed appropriate. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed a RMSEA = 0.054, considered acceptable, a CFI = 0.963, a NNFI = 0.925 (slightly below the accepted value) and a GFI = 0.991. A two factor solution was obtained so it was not possible to hold the single dimensional hypothesis as in the original scale. The translated and adapted scale shows an appropriate level of adjustment, high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability, with the same construct validity as the original instrument which allows its use among the elderly population

Traducción al español y validación de la escala de autoevaluación de quejas cognitivas en esquizofrenia

Abstract The aim of the study from which this research paper derives is to translate into Spanish and to validate the Self-Assessment Scale of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS). A reverse translation was made from the original scale based on 5 factors memory, attention, executive functions, language and practice) with 21 items and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 157 schizophrenic outpatients using factorial analysis that offered two scales with 5 and 6 factors, this last factor being the one which better adjusts. The factors were named semantic memory, working memory, difficulties in everyday life, metacognition, executive skills and distractibility. Convergent validity was assessed with several instruments that confirmed its reliability (Cronbach alpha coefficient= .89, intra-class correlation coefficient= .87). SCCS is a useful instrument to assess subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenic patients, allowing them to express those cognitive matters that interfere with their quality of life. Resumen El objetivo del estudio del que deriva este artículo de investigación consistió en traducir al español y validar la Escala de Autoevaluación de Quejas Cognitivas Subjetivas en Esquizofrenia (EQCE), se realizó la traducción revertida de la escala original, que cubre cinco dominios (memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y praxias) con 21 ítems, y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas en 157 pacientes ambulatorios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Todo esto, mediante un análisis factorial que ofreció dos escalas con 5 y 6 factores, esta última con mejor ajuste. Los factores se denominaron Memoria semántica, Memoria de trabajo, Dificultades en la vida cotidiana, Metacognición, Habilidades ejecutivas y Distractibilidad. La validez convergente se estudió con varios instrumentos que confirmaron su confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach= .89, coeficiente de correlación intra-clase= .87). Se concluyó que el EQCE es un instrumento útil para evaluar quejas subjetivas de cognición en pacientes con esquizofrenia, pues permite expresar las dificultades cognitivas que interfieren en su calidad de vida

Testing and comparing two self-care-related instruments among older Chinese adults

Objectives The study aimed to test and compare the reliability and validity, including sensitivity and specificity of the two self-care-related instruments, the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE), and the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale-Revised (ASAS-R), among older adults in the Chinese context. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. The sample consisted of 1152 older adults. Data were collected by a questionnaire including the Chinese version of SASE (SASE-CHI), the Chinese version of ASAS-R (ASAS-R-CHI) and the Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale (ESCA). Homogeneity and stability, content, construct and concurrent validity, and sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Results The Cronbach's alpha (α) of SASE-CHI was 0.89, the item-to-total correlations ranged from r = 0.15 to r = 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC) was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99±1.00; P<0.001). The Cronbach's α of ASAS-R-CHI was 0.78, the item-to-total correlations ranged from r = 0.20 to r = 0.65, and the test-retest ICC was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92±0.96; P<0.001). The content validity index (CVI) of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI was 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The findings of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) confirmed a good construct validity of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI. The Pearson's rank correlation coefficients, as a measure of concurrent validity, between total score of SASE-CHI and ESCA and ASAS-R-CHI and ESCA were assessed to 0.65 (P<0.001) and 0.62 (P<0.001), respectively. Regarding ESCA as the criterion, the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for the cut-point of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91±0.94) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80±0.86), respectively. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the two instruments. Each has its own characteristics, but SASE-CHI is more suitable for older adults. The key point is that the users can choose the most appropriate scale according to the specific situation.publishedVersionNivå

Task: Observing the Older Adult. A Pedagogical Tool for Changing Ageist Attitudes in Psychology Students

The ageist attitudes of students represent an obstacle to the development of the knowledge and empathy required for assisting the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in explicit/implicit attitudes and knowledge regarding older people, in a sample of psychology students before and after they carried out a practical task called "Observing the Older Adult" (TOAM). To this end, we evaluated the changes in explicit knowledge with Palmore's Facts on Aging Quizzes 1 and 2 (FAQs1-2); the changes in explicit attitudes with Kogan's Scale for Attitudes Toward Old People (SATOP); and the Age Group Evaluation and Description (AGED) Inventory. The subsequent changes in implicit attitudes were evaluated with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The changes were measured one week, three months, one year and two years after completing the TOAM with ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. After the TOAM was carried out, positive changes were observed in knowledge and explicit attitudes toward seniors, but implicit attitudes remained negative in the first assessment, and were modified only after a year.</span

Traducción al español y validación de la escala de autoevaluación de quejas cognitivas en esquizofrenia

Abstract The aim of the study from which this research paper derives is to translate into Spanish and to validate the Self-Assessment Scale of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS). A reverse translation was made from the original scale based on 5 factors memory, attention, executive functions, language and practice) with 21 items and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 157 schizophrenic outpatients using factorial analysis that offered two scales with 5 and 6 factors, this last factor being the one which better adjusts. The factors were named semantic memory, working memory, difficulties in everyday life, metacognition, executive skills and distractibility. Convergent validity was assessed with several instruments that confirmed its reliability (Cronbach alpha coefficient= .89, intra-class correlation coefficient= .87). SCCS is a useful instrument to assess subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenic patients, allowing them to express those cognitive matters that interfere with their quality of life. Resumen El objetivo del estudio del que deriva este artículo de investigación consistió en traducir al español y validar la Escala de Autoevaluación de Quejas Cognitivas Subjetivas en Esquizofrenia (EQCE), se realizó la traducción revertida de la escala original, que cubre cinco dominios (memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y praxias) con 21 ítems, y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas en 157 pacientes ambulatorios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Todo esto, mediante un análisis factorial que ofreció dos escalas con 5 y 6 factores, esta última con mejor ajuste. Los factores se denominaron Memoria semántica, Memoria de trabajo, Dificultades en la vida cotidiana, Metacognición, Habilidades ejecutivas y Distractibilidad. La validez convergente se estudió con varios instrumentos que confirmaron su confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach= .89, coeficiente de correlación intra-clase= .87). Se concluyó que el EQCE es un instrumento útil para evaluar quejas subjetivas de cognición en pacientes con esquizofrenia, pues permite expresar las dificultades cognitivas que interfieren en su calidad de vida

Retratamiento con lamotrigina después de reacción cutánea de rash. Estudio de casos abiertos y metaanálisis combinados

Abstract Objective: To determine the safety of lamotrigine rechallenge after a first episode of skin rash in bipolar patients. Method: An open cases prospective study was conducted with patients, who developed a skin rash when first treated with lamotrigine, were refractory to other treatments, and were offered lamotrigine rechallenge using a different dose titration. Additionally a review was performed on previous skin rash management strategies and lamotrigine rechallenge reports. Results: Every 3 out of 10 lamotrigine rechallenge patients required drug interruption due to persistent rash. One of them was potentially serious and resolved by stopping the lamotrigine. The review of available literature identified several lamotrigine rechallenge studies with rates of positive results varying between 70% and 87% depending on the study. No patient developed Stevens---Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis after rechallenge. The rate of rash was higher when rechallenge began between 4 weeks from initial rash (19% vs 7%, P = .001) and decreased when first rash showed no potentially serious signs (0% vs 19%, P = .01). Conclusions: Rechallenge is a viable option after a benign lamotrigine-induced rash, and can even be rechallenged after rash with greater precautions when there exists one or two potentially serious signs. In cases of more serious rash there are no reliable data available on rechallenge safety and it may pose a significant risk. In those cases rechallenge should better be avoided between 4 weeks from first rash