Tradução, adaptação ao espanhol e validação da Escala de Bem-Estar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh em uma mostra de adultos maiores argentinos

El estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwick- Edinburgh luego de realizar la traducción directa y revertida y su adaptación al español. Se validó la escala mediante su aplicación a una muestra de 910 adultos mayores argentinos, con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 96 años (media 81.4 años; DE 10.9 años). Se obtuvieron los siguientes indicadores: distribución de respuestas, consistencia interna, confiabilidad test-retest, validez de constructo, y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En cuatro de los ítems se debieron modificar los términos para mantener la equivalencia conceptual con el original. El índice de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach (0.89), la correlación ítem-escala total (0.41-0.78), el índice test-retest medido mediante el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI) (0.91) mostraron un nivel satisfactorio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceptable; un valor CFI igual a 0.963, un valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior al deseado) y un GFI con un valor de 0.991. Se obtuvo una solución de dos factores, por lo cual no se pudo sostener la hipótesis de uni-dimensionalidad de la escala original. Se concluye que la escala traducida y adaptada al español para una muestra de adultos mayores no institucionalizados tiene un ajuste adecuado, con alta consistencia interna y buena confiabilidad test-retest, con iguales valores de constructo que el instrumento original, lo que permitiría su uso en la población adulta mayor.O estudo analisa as propriedades psicométricas e a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Bem-estar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh depois de realizar a tradução direta e revertida e sua adaptação ao espanhol. Validou-se a escala mediante sua aplicação a uma mostra de 910 adultos maiores argentinos, com idades compreendidas entre 71 e 96 anos (média 81.4 anos; DE 10.9 anos). Obtiveram-se os seguintes indicadores: distribuição de respostas, consistência interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade de constructo, e realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Em quatro dos itens tiveram que ser modificados os termos para manter a equivalência conceitual com o original. O índice de confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach (0.89), a correlação item-escala total (0.41-0.78), o índice teste-reteste medido mediante o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) (0.91) mostraram um nível satisfatório. A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou um RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceitável; um valor CFI igual a 0.963, um valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior ao desejado) e um GFI com um valor de 0.991. Obteve-se uma solução de dois fatores, pelo qual não de pôde sustentar a hipótese de uni-dimensionalidade da escala original. Concluise que a escala traduzida e adaptada ao espanhol para uma mostra de adultos maiores não institucionalizados tem um ajuste adequado, com alta consistência interna e boa confiabilidade teste-reteste, com iguais valores de constructo que o instrumento original, o que permitiria seu uso na população adulta maior.The study assesses psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale after forward and backward translations and Spanish adaptation. The scale was validated by applying it to a sample of 910 Argentine elders, with ages ranging from 71 and 96 years (media 81.4 years; SD 10.9 years). The following measures were obtained: response distributions, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In four of the original items, phrasing was modified to keep conceptual equivalence with the original instrument. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.89), item-total scale (0.41-0.78) and test-retest measured by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.91) were deemed appropriate. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed a RMSEA = 0.054, considered acceptable, a CFI = 0.963, a NNFI = 0.925 (slightly below the accepted value) and a GFI = 0.991. A two factor solution was obtained so it was not possible to hold the single dimensional hypothesis as in the original scale. The translated and adapted scale shows an appropriate level of adjustment, high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability, with the same construct validity as the original instrument which allows its use among the elderly population

Testing and comparing two self-care-related instruments among older Chinese adults

Objectives The study aimed to test and compare the reliability and validity, including sensitivity and specificity of the two self-care-related instruments, the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE), and the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale-Revised (ASAS-R), among older adults in the Chinese context. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. The sample consisted of 1152 older adults. Data were collected by a questionnaire including the Chinese version of SASE (SASE-CHI), the Chinese version of ASAS-R (ASAS-R-CHI) and the Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale (ESCA). Homogeneity and stability, content, construct and concurrent validity, and sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Results The Cronbach's alpha (α) of SASE-CHI was 0.89, the item-to-total correlations ranged from r = 0.15 to r = 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC) was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99±1.00; P<0.001). The Cronbach's α of ASAS-R-CHI was 0.78, the item-to-total correlations ranged from r = 0.20 to r = 0.65, and the test-retest ICC was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92±0.96; P<0.001). The content validity index (CVI) of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI was 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The findings of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) confirmed a good construct validity of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI. The Pearson's rank correlation coefficients, as a measure of concurrent validity, between total score of SASE-CHI and ESCA and ASAS-R-CHI and ESCA were assessed to 0.65 (P<0.001) and 0.62 (P<0.001), respectively. Regarding ESCA as the criterion, the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for the cut-point of SASE-CHI and ASAS-R-CHI were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91±0.94) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80±0.86), respectively. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the two instruments. Each has its own characteristics, but SASE-CHI is more suitable for older adults. The key point is that the users can choose the most appropriate scale according to the specific situation.publishedVersionNivå

Task: Observing the Older Adult. A Pedagogical Tool for Changing Ageist Attitudes in Psychology Students

The ageist attitudes of students represent an obstacle to the development of the knowledge and empathy required for assisting the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in explicit/implicit attitudes and knowledge regarding older people, in a sample of psychology students before and after they carried out a practical task called "Observing the Older Adult" (TOAM). To this end, we evaluated the changes in explicit knowledge with Palmore's Facts on Aging Quizzes 1 and 2 (FAQs1-2); the changes in explicit attitudes with Kogan's Scale for Attitudes Toward Old People (SATOP); and the Age Group Evaluation and Description (AGED) Inventory. The subsequent changes in implicit attitudes were evaluated with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The changes were measured one week, three months, one year and two years after completing the TOAM with ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. After the TOAM was carried out, positive changes were observed in knowledge and explicit attitudes toward seniors, but implicit attitudes remained negative in the first assessment, and were modified only after a year.</span

Traducción al español y validación de la escala de autoevaluación de quejas cognitivas en esquizofrenia

Abstract The aim of the study from which this research paper derives is to translate into Spanish and to validate the Self-Assessment Scale of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS). A reverse translation was made from the original scale based on 5 factors memory, attention, executive functions, language and practice) with 21 items and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 157 schizophrenic outpatients using factorial analysis that offered two scales with 5 and 6 factors, this last factor being the one which better adjusts. The factors were named semantic memory, working memory, difficulties in everyday life, metacognition, executive skills and distractibility. Convergent validity was assessed with several instruments that confirmed its reliability (Cronbach alpha coefficient= .89, intra-class correlation coefficient= .87). SCCS is a useful instrument to assess subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenic patients, allowing them to express those cognitive matters that interfere with their quality of life. Resumen El objetivo del estudio del que deriva este artículo de investigación consistió en traducir al español y validar la Escala de Autoevaluación de Quejas Cognitivas Subjetivas en Esquizofrenia (EQCE), se realizó la traducción revertida de la escala original, que cubre cinco dominios (memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y praxias) con 21 ítems, y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas en 157 pacientes ambulatorios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Todo esto, mediante un análisis factorial que ofreció dos escalas con 5 y 6 factores, esta última con mejor ajuste. Los factores se denominaron Memoria semántica, Memoria de trabajo, Dificultades en la vida cotidiana, Metacognición, Habilidades ejecutivas y Distractibilidad. La validez convergente se estudió con varios instrumentos que confirmaron su confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach= .89, coeficiente de correlación intra-clase= .87). Se concluyó que el EQCE es un instrumento útil para evaluar quejas subjetivas de cognición en pacientes con esquizofrenia, pues permite expresar las dificultades cognitivas que interfieren en su calidad de vida

Traducción al español y validación de la escala de autoevaluación de quejas cognitivas en esquizofrenia

Abstract The aim of the study from which this research paper derives is to translate into Spanish and to validate the Self-Assessment Scale of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS). A reverse translation was made from the original scale based on 5 factors memory, attention, executive functions, language and practice) with 21 items and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 157 schizophrenic outpatients using factorial analysis that offered two scales with 5 and 6 factors, this last factor being the one which better adjusts. The factors were named semantic memory, working memory, difficulties in everyday life, metacognition, executive skills and distractibility. Convergent validity was assessed with several instruments that confirmed its reliability (Cronbach alpha coefficient= .89, intra-class correlation coefficient= .87). SCCS is a useful instrument to assess subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenic patients, allowing them to express those cognitive matters that interfere with their quality of life. Resumen El objetivo del estudio del que deriva este artículo de investigación consistió en traducir al español y validar la Escala de Autoevaluación de Quejas Cognitivas Subjetivas en Esquizofrenia (EQCE), se realizó la traducción revertida de la escala original, que cubre cinco dominios (memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y praxias) con 21 ítems, y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas en 157 pacientes ambulatorios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Todo esto, mediante un análisis factorial que ofreció dos escalas con 5 y 6 factores, esta última con mejor ajuste. Los factores se denominaron Memoria semántica, Memoria de trabajo, Dificultades en la vida cotidiana, Metacognición, Habilidades ejecutivas y Distractibilidad. La validez convergente se estudió con varios instrumentos que confirmaron su confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach= .89, coeficiente de correlación intra-clase= .87). Se concluyó que el EQCE es un instrumento útil para evaluar quejas subjetivas de cognición en pacientes con esquizofrenia, pues permite expresar las dificultades cognitivas que interfieren en su calidad de vida

Validación en español del test TYM para cribado de demencia en una población argentina

The aim of this study is the validation and identification of cut-off scores for a fast neurocognitive test, called TYM (Test Your Memory) which goal is dementia screening. It was translated and adapted to meet a sample profiles that dwell in Rosario. Results between patients and normal controls matched for age and gender were compared. To establish cut-off points the TYM test was compared against other standardized well-known test (Test de Lobo or MEC, Addenbrook Cognitive Test in Spanish -Revised or ACE-R and -Pfeiffer Test or PFAQ) in two samples of subjects with 50 demented patients and 100 normal controls each one. Patients with dementia completed the TYM with a mean score of 37/50 and controls scored 47/50. Correlation with the other tests was good. A score ofResumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue validar y determinar los puntos de corte de un test neurocognitivo rápido de cribado de demencia llamado Test Your Memory ([TYM]; Test Your Memory - Evalúa Tu Memoria), traducido y modificado para adaptarlo a las características de una muestra de sujetos procedente de la ciudad de Rosario. Se compararon los resultados entre pacientes con demencia y controles normales apareados por edad y sexo. Para la validación y selección de puntos de corte del TYM se lo comparó con otros test estandarizados testigos (Test de Lobo o MEC, Addenbrook´s Cognitive Test en Español-Revisado o ACE-R y Test de Pfeiffer o PFAQ) en dos muestras de sujetos formadas por 50 pacientes dementes y 100 controles normales. Los pacientes con demencia completaron el TYM con puntaje promedio de 37/50 mientras que los controles puntuaron 47/50. La correlación con los otros tests fue muy buena. Un puntaje < 40/50 tuvo sensibilidad de 84 % (95 % CI 82.2-88.7 %) y especificidad de 95 % (95 % CI 92.1-96.9 %) en demencia. Los puntos de corte se establecieron usando curvas ROC. El TYM detectó 97 % de pacientes con demencia mientras que MEC y ACE-R detectaron 78 %. El valor predictivo negativo y positivo del TYM con un punto de corte de < 40 fue de 95 % y 45 %, respectivamente para una prevalencia de demencia de 5. Este punto de corte se redujo a 39/50 para el caso de sujetos con bajo nivel de escolaridad (< 6 años de estudios). El TYM es simple y económico, se completó rápida y sencillamente por los pacientes y controles y constituyó una herramienta de cribado válida para la detección de demencia. Sin embargo se previene de su uso indiscriminado sin control por agentes sanitarios o clínicos, quienes deben estar a cargo de la puntuación e interpretación de los resultados

El trabajo de observación del adulto mayor: Una herramienta pedagógica para modificar actitudes ageístas en estudiantes de psicología

Las actitudes ageístas de los estudiantes representan un obstáculo para el desarrollo de conocimientos y la empatía requeridas para asistir a las personas mayores. El objetivo que persigue este trabajo es evaluar los cambios en actitudes explícitas e implícitas y en conocimientos sobre personas mayores en una muestra de estudiantes de Psicología, antes y después de llevar a cabo una tarea práctica denominada "Trabajo de observación del adulto mayor" (TOAM). Para ello, se evaluaron los cambios en los conocimientos explícitos mediante el Palmore´s Facts on Ageing Quizzes 1 y 2 (FAQs1-2), las modificaciones en las actitudes explícitas mediante la Kogan´s Scale for Attitudes toward Old People (SATOP) y el Age Group Evaluation and Description (AGED) Inventory (AGED). Las modificaciones en actitudes implícitas posteriores se evaluaron con un Test de Asociación Implícita (TAI). Los cambios se midieron una semana, tres meses, un año y dos años después de completar el TOAM con test de ANOVA, U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis Después de realizar el TOAM se observaron cambios positivos en conocimientos y actitudes explícitas hacia las personas mayores, pero las actitudes implícitas permanecieron negativas en las primeras evaluaciones y solamente se modificaron después del año

Alteración de la cognición social en la demencia fronto-temporal

En el presente artículo se revisa el deterioro de cognición social (CS), reconocimiento de rostros y emociones, Teoría de la Mente (TM) y juicio moral en Demencia Frontotemporal variante frontal, y se comparan con psicopatías, trastorno de personalidad antisocial (TPA), demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA) y Esquizofrenia (E). La DFT afecta casi todas las tareas de CS, correlaciona con atrofia cortical y reducción del metabolismo cerebral en lóbulos temporal y órbito frontal. Psicopatías y TPA sólo alteran el reconocimiento de las emociones. La DTA tiene déficits menos severos en tareas de reconocimiento de emociones y la E muestra déficits selectivos en TM pero no conductas psicopáticas. La DFT representa una enfermedad neurodegenerativa rápida, mientras que los trastornos psicopáticos y E son más lentos. Esta diferencia es importante para el patrón diferencial de deterioro clínico

A reminiscence program intervention to improve the quality of life of long-term care residents with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial Intervenção com um programa de reminiscência para melhorar qualidade de vida de residentes com Alzheimer com cuidados prolongados: ensaio controlado randomizado

OBJECTIVE: A single-blinded, parallel-groups (intervention, active and passive control groups) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was chosen to investigate whether a specific reminiscence program is associated with higher levels of quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia. METHODS: The intervention used a life-story approach, while the control groups participated in casual discussions. The Social Engagement Scale (SES) and Self Reported Quality of Life Scale (SRQoL) were used as the outcome measures, which were examined at baseline (T0), 12 weeks (T1), and six months (T2) after the intervention. The final sample had 135 subjects (active control group = 45; passive control group = 45; intervention group = 45). RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in the intervention group between T2 and T0, and between T1 and T0 in the SES, and there were significant differences between T0 and T1 (intervention effect size = 0.267) and T1 and T2 (intervention effect size = 0.450) in the SRQoL. The univariate logistic regression scores showed that predictors of change in the SRQoL were associated with fewer baseline anxiety symptoms and lower depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention led to significant differences between the three groups over time, showing a significant improvement in the quality of life and engagement of the residents in the intervention group.<br>OBJETIVO: Elegeu-se um ensaio randomizado controlado simples cego, com grupos paralelos (intervenção, comparação e controle) para pesquisar se um programa específico de reminiscência associa-se com maiores níveis de qualidade de vida em residentes com demência com cuidados prolongados. MÉTODO: No grupo de intervenção usou-se o enfoque da história de vida, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu conversas amistosas. A Escala de Compromisso Social (SES) e a escala auto-referida de qualidade de vida (SRQoL) foram as medidas de resultados, examinados na linha de base, doze semanas, e seis meses após a intervenção. A mostra final teve 135 sujeitos (controle n = 45; comparação n = 45; intervenção n = 45). RESULTADOS: Wilcoxon test no grupo intervencional comparando os resultados entre T1 e T0, T2 e T1, e T2 e T0 mostraram diferenças significativas entre T2 e T0 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,460) e T1 e T0 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,486) em o SES; e entre T0 e T1 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,267) e T1 e T2 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,450) em o SRQoL no grupo de intervenção. As pontuações de regressão logística univariada mostraram que os predictores de mudança estavam associados com menores níveis de ansiedade basal e menores níveis de depresión. CONCLUSÕES: A intervenção produziu diferenças significativas entre os três grupos ao longo do tempo, mostrando uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida e compromisso dos residentes no grupo de intervenção

Traducción al español y validación de la escala de autoevaluación de quejas cognitivas en esquizofrenia

The aim of the study from which this research paper derives is to translate into Spanish and to validate the Self-Assessment Scale of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Schizophrenia (SASCCS). A reverse translation was made from the original scale based on 5 factors memory, attention, executive functions, language and practice) with 21 items and its psychometric properties were analyzed on 157 schizophrenic outpatients using factorial analysis that offered two scales with 5 and 6 factors, this last factor being the one which better adjusts. The factors were named semantic memory, working memory, difficulties in everyday life, metacognition, executive skills and distractibility. Convergent validity was assessed with several instruments that confirmed its reliability (Cronbach alpha coefficient= .89, intra-class correlation coefficient= .87). SCCS is a useful instrument to assess subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenic patients, allowing them to express those cognitive matters that interfere with their quality of life.El objetivo del estudio del que deriva este artículo de investigación consistió en traducir al español y validar la Escala de Autoevaluación de Quejas Cognitivas Subjetivas en Esquizofrenia (EQCE), se realizó la traducción revertida de la escala original, que cubre cinco dominios (memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y praxias) con 21 ítems, y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas en 157 pacientes ambulatorios con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Todo esto, mediante un análisis factorial que ofreció dos escalas con 5 y 6 factores, esta última con mejor ajuste. Los factores se denominaron Memoria semántica, Memoria de trabajo, Dificultades en la vida cotidiana, Metacognición, Habilidades ejecutivas y Distractibilidad. La validez convergente se estudió con varios instrumentos que confirmaron su confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach= .89, coeficiente de correlación intra-clase= .87). Se concluyó que el EQCE es un instrumento útil para evaluar quejas subjetivas de cognición en pacientes con esquizofrenia, pues permite expresar las dificultades cognitivas que interfieren en su calidad de vida