1,949 research outputs found
Kelvin-Helmholtz versus Hall Magneto-shear instability in astrophysical flows
We study the stability of shear flows in a fully ionized plasma.
Kelvin-Helmholtz is a well known, macroscopic and ideal shear-driven
instability. In sufficiently low density plasmas, also the microscopic Hall
magneto-shear instability can take place. We performed three-dimensional
simulations of the Hall-MHD equations where these two instabilities are
present, and carried out a comparative study. We find that when the shear flow
is so intense that its vorticity surpasses the ion-cyclotron frequency of the
plasma, the Hall magneto-shear instability is not only non-negligible, but it
actually displays growth rates larger than those of the Kelvin-Helmholtz
instability
Simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability driven by coronal mass ejections in the turbulent corona
Recent high resolution AIA/SDO images show evidence of the development of the
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) expand in the
ambient corona. A large-scale magnetic field mostly tangential to the interface
is inferred, both on the CME and on the background sides. However, the magnetic
field component along the shear flow is not strong enough to quench the
instability. There is also observational evidence that the ambient corona is in
a turbulent regime, and therefore the criteria for the development of the
instability are a-priori expected to differ from the laminar case. To study the
evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with a turbulent background, we
perform three-dimensional simulations of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic
equations. The instability is driven by a velocity profile tangential to the
CME-corona interface, which we simulate through a hyperbolic tangent profile.
The turbulent background is generated by the application of a stationary
stirring force. We compute the instability growth-rate for different values of
the turbulence intensity, and find that the role of turbulence is to attenuate
the growth. The fact that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is observed, sets an
upper limit to the correlation length of the coronal background turbulence
Electrostatic Decay of Plasma Turbulence
The study of the evolution of a suprathermal electron beam traveling through
a background plasma is relevant for the physics of solar flares and their
associated type III solar radio bursts. As they evolve guided by the coronal
magnetic field-lines, these beams generate Langmuir turbulence. The
beam-generated turbulence is in turn responsible for the emission of radio
photons at the second harmonic of the local plasma frequency, which are
observed during type III solar radio bursts. To generate the radio emission,
the beam-aligned Langmuir waves must coalesce, and therefore a process capable
of re-directioning the turbulence in an effective fashion is required.
Different theoretical models identify the electrostatic (ES) decay process L1
-> L2 + S (L: Langmuir wave; S: Ion-acoustic wave) as the re-directioning
mechanism for the L waves. Two different regimes have been proposed to play a
key role: the back-scattering and the diffusive (small angle) scattering. This
paper is a comparative analysis of the decay rate of the ES decay for each
regime, and of the different observable characteristics that are expected for
the resulting ion-acoustic waves.Comment: 14 pages, 8 Figures. AAS LaTeX Macros v5.0. To appear in The
Astrophysical Journa
Direct simulations of helical Hall-MHD turbulence and dynamo action
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent Hall dynamos are presented. The
evolution of an initially weak and small scale magnetic field in a system
maintained in a stationary turbulent regime by a stirring force at a
macroscopic scale is studied to explore the conditions for exponential growth
of the magnetic energy. Scaling of the dynamo efficiency with the Reynolds
numbers is studied, and the resulting total energy spectra are found to be
compatible with a Kolmogorov type law. A faster growth of large scale magnetic
fields is observed at intermediate intensities of the Hall effect.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, ApJ (in press
Divergent modulation of nociception by glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal subpopulations in the periaqueductal gray
The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) constitutes a major descending pain modulatory system and is a crucial site for opioid-induced analgesia. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that glutamate and GABA play critical opposing roles in nociceptive processing in the vlPAG. It has been suggested that glutamatergic neurotransmission exerts antinociceptive effects, whereas GABAergic neurotransmission exert pronociceptive effects on pain transmission, through descending pathways. The inability to exclusively manipulate subpopulations of neurons in the PAG has prevented direct testing of this hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate the different contributions of genetically defined glutamatergic and GABAergic vlPAG neurons in nociceptive processing by employing cell type-specific chemogenetic approaches in mice. Global chemogenetic manipulation of vlPAG neuronal activity suggests that vlPAG neural circuits exert tonic suppression of nociception, consistent with previous pharmacological and electrophysiological studies. However, selective modulation of GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons demonstrates an inverse regulation of nociceptive behaviors by these cell populations. Selective chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons, or inhibition of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG suppresses nociception. In contrast, inhibition of glutamatergic neurons, or activation of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG facilitates nociception. Our findings provide direct experimental support for a model in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the PAG bidirectionally modulate nociception
Waves, Coriolis force and the dynamo effect
Dynamo activity caused by waves in a rotating magneto-plasma is investigated.
In astrophysical environments such as accretion disks and at sufficiently small
spatial scales, the Hall effect is likely to play an important role. It is
shown that a combination of the Coriolis force and Hall effect can produce a
finite -effect by generating net helicity in the small scales. The
shear/ion-cyclotron normal mode of the Hall plasma is the dominant contributor
to the dynamo action for short scale motions.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, ApJ (in press
The general Leigh-Strassler deformation and integrability
The success of the identification of the planar dilatation operator of N=4
SYM with an integrable spin chain Hamiltonian has raised the question if this
also is valid for a deformed theory. Several deformations of SYM have recently
been under investigation in this context. In this work we consider the general
Leigh-Strassler deformation. For the generic case the S-matrix techniques
cannot be used to prove integrability. Instead we use R-matrix techniques to
study integrability. Some new integrable points in the parameter space are
found.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, reference adde
Acute Hypersensitivity Reaction After Casirivimab/Imdevimab Infusion in a COVID-19-Positive Young Male: Myopericarditis or Kounis Syndrome?
Myocarditis has been a rare, but well-documented side effect of the mRNA-based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as a complication of viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. However, myopericarditis as a complication of monoclonal antibody infusion or as a complication of allergic reaction to antibody infusions might be underreported.
We report the case of a 30-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection one week prior to presentation, unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2, who was referred from a monoclonal infusion center where he received casirivimab/imdevimab and 15 minutes after the infusion began to complain of chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, and was hypotensive. In the infusion center, the patient received epinephrine and diphenhydramine and was directed to the ER, where the patient was febrile, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Initial troponin was 1.91 which peaked at 11.73 and CK-MB which peaked at 21.2. EKG had no ischemic changes. A two-dimensional echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction (EF) of about 45%, with a left ventricular dysfunction and trivial posterior pericardial effusion, and it was diagnosed as myopericarditis. On admission, he was started on full-dose enoxaparin, aspirin, fluid resuscitation, steroids, remdesevir, and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPap) due to his respiratory compromise. Three days later, with clinical improvement, a repeat echocardiogram showed EF of 65%, with normal ventricular contractility and no pericardial effusion. The patient was discharged home with close cardiology follow-up.
Though this could be a simple case of viral myopericarditis with troponinemia secondary to demand-ischemia, the differential should be broadened to complication of monoclonal antibody, given the sudden symptom onset after infusion completion and/or a possible Kounis syndrome. Though there have not been any reported cases of casirivimab/imdevimab causing myopericarditis, adverse cardiac events after monoclonal therapy have been reported mainly in cancer patients receiving monoclonal infusions
Transmission through a quantum dot molecule embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
We study theoretically the transmission through a quantum dot molecule
embedded in the arms of an Aharonov-Bohm four quantum dot ring threaded by a
magnetic flux. The tunable molecular coupling provides a transmission pathway
between the interferometer arms in addition to those along the arms. From a
decomposition of the transmission in terms of contributions from paths, we show
that antiresonances in the transmission arise from the interference of the
self-energy along different paths and that application of a magnetic flux can
produce the suppression of such antiresonances. The occurrence of a period of
twice the quantum of flux arises to the opening of transmission pathway through
the dot molecule. Two different connections of the device to the leads are
considered and their spectra of conductance are compared as a function of the
tunable parameters of the model.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
ILC3s restrict the dissemination of intestinal bacteria to safeguard liver regeneration after surgery.
It is generally believed that environmental or cutaneous bacteria are the main origin of surgical infections. Therefore, measures to prevent postoperative infections focus on optimizing hygiene and improving asepsis and antisepsis. In a large cohort of patients with infections following major surgery, we identified that the causative bacteria are mainly of intestinal origin. Postoperative infections of intestinal origin were also found in mice undergoing partial hepatectomy. CCR6+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) limited systemic bacterial spread. Such bulwark function against host invasion required the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which controlled the expression of antimicrobial peptides in hepatocytes, thereby limiting bacterial spread. Using genetic loss-of-function experiments and punctual depletion of ILCs, we demonstrate that the failure to restrict intestinal commensals by ILC3s results in impaired liver regeneration. Our data emphasize the importance of endogenous intestinal bacteria as a source for postoperative infection and indicate ILC3s as potential new targets
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