Examination of Intramural Sport Officials’ Training, Development and Performance: A Mixed Methods Study

Sports officials play a significant role in organized sports, yet academic research surrounding their training, development, and performance is minimal. Across the nation, athletes are attempting to safely resume play after the COVID-19 pandemic, and many sports officials have decided that they will not return to their respective fields or courts. More robust training and development within intramural sports programs on college campuses could be the solution to recruiting and retaining sports officials. This mixed methods study examined intramural sports officials’ training, development, and performance within a collegiate intramural sports department. This study utilized a two-phase explanatory sequential mixed methods design (quan à QUAL) based on a theoretical framework consisting of experiential learning and social learning theories. During Phase I of this research study, 34 intramural sports officials were surveyed regarding the rule knowledge prior to and after their traditional intramural basketball officials’ training. Phase II of this study consisted of observations, video review, and semi-structured post-game interviews among 6 intramural sports officials over a two-week period. Quantitative results showed a statistically significant increase in scores between the pre- and posttest with the traditional intramural basketball officials’ training used as the intervention. Differences in scores were explored in consideration of officials’ gender, playing experience, and officiating experience. Qualitative results captured the officials’ experiences regarding decision-making, crew dynamics, rules knowledge, and game management after the video review. The data collected provided compelling results and will be used to create recommendations for improved intramural official development programs in the future

Autonomía y reformas en la Universidad de Valencia (1900-1922)

Los años que transcurren entre 1900 y 1922 definen la parábola de la cuestión de la autonomía en la universidad española. Una primera realidad fue la creación en 1900 del ministerio de instrucción pública y la elaboración por su ministro García Alix de un decreto de autonomía universitaria. Sin embargo el camino de ésta no iba a ser fácil, su sucesor el conde de Romanones hizo malograr la reforma. A pesar de ello los partidarios del cambio no perdieron la esperanza y en las asambleas de catedráticos de 1902 y 1905 continuaron reclamando la tan ansiada autonomía. Finalmente fue Silió en 1919 quien consiguió incoar una efímera experiencia de autonomía. Daniel Comas cuenta todo esto desde la atalaya de la Universidad de Valencia, una institución que durante esos años se encontró en la vanguardia de la reforma. Para ello ha rastreado la prensa local, el archivo universitario, las publicaciones de la universidad… y de esa manera ha reproducido cómo se vivió la cuestión de la autonomía en esa ciudad. Fue un enfrentamiento entre distintas ideologías —conservadores y liberales, monárquicos y republicanos— que se desarrolló en los distintos cuerpos de la universidad —estudiantes y profesores— y que en ocasiones consiguió cruzar el umbral del recinto universitario para interesar a otros actores de la sociedad. En este entramado afloran la alternativa de Giner, las asambleas de catedráticos, los movimientos de estudiantes, etc

C syndrome - what do we know and what could the future hold?

In 1969 Opitz et al. described two siblings with a new syndrome, which they called ‘C syndrome of multiple congenital abnormalities’ and was presented as a ‘probably private syndrome’. After this first description, new cases appeared with highly similar phenotypes and a new syndrome, known as C Syndrome, Opitz C Syndrome or Opitz Trigonocephaly Syndrome (OCS; MIM # 211,750) was firmly established

Biofilm growth and nitrogen uptake responses to increases in nitrate and ammonium availability

Nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) are the two major dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species available in streams. Human activities increase stream DIN concentrations and modify the NO3 −:NH4 + ratio. However, few studies have examined biofilm responses to enrichment of both DIN species. We examined biofilm responses to variation in ambient concentrations and enrichments in either NO3 − or NH4 +. We incubated nutrient diffusing substrata (NDS) bioassays with three treatments (DIN-free, +NO3 − and +NH4 +) in five streams. Biomass-specific uptake rates (U spec ) of NO3 − and NH4 + were then measured using in situ additions of 15N-labeled NO3 − and NH4 +. Biomass (estimated from changes in carbon content) and algal accrual rates, as well as U spec -NO3 − of biofilms in DIN-free treatments varied among the streams in which the NDS had been incubated. Higher ambient DIN concentrations were only correlated with enhanced biofilm growth rates. U spec -NO3 − was one order of magnitude greater and more variable than U spec -NH4 +, however similar relative preference index (RPI) suggested that biofilms did not show a clear preference for either DIN species. Biofilm growth and DIN uptake in DIN-amended NDS (i.e., +NO3 − and +NH4 +) were consistently lower than in DIN-free NDS (i.e., control). Lower values in controls with respect to amended NDS were consistently more pronounced for algal accrual rates and U spec -NO3 − and for the +NH4 + than for the +NO3 − treatments. In particular, enrichment with NH4 + reduced biofilm U spec -NO3 − uptake, which has important implications for N cycling in high NH4 + streams

A round-trip ticket: the importance of release processes for in-stream nutrient spiraling

Most nutrient-spiraling studies have focused on estimates of gross uptake (Ugross), which show that streams take up dissolved inorganic nutrients very efficiently. However, studies based on estimates of net uptake (Unet) emphasize that streams tend to be at biogeochemical steady state (i.e., Unet ≈ 0), at least on a time scale of hours. These findings suggest that streams can be highly reactive ecosystems but remain at short-term biogeochemical steady state if Ugross is counterbalanced by release (R), a process that remains widely unexplored. Here, we propose a novel approach to infer R by comparing Unet and Ugross estimated from ambient and plateau concentrations obtained from standard short-term nutrient additions along a reach. We used this approach to examine the temporal variation of R and its balance with Ugross in 2 streams with contrasting hydrological regime (i.e., perennial vs intermittent) during 2 years. We focused on the spiraling metrics of NH4+ and soluble reactive P (SRP), essential sources of N and P in stream ecosystems. R differed substantially between the 2 streams. The perennial stream had a higher proportion of dates with R > 0 and a 2× higher mean R than the intermittent stream for both nutrients. Despite these differences, the magnitude of R and Ugross tended to be similar for both nutrients within each stream, which lead to Unet ≈ 0 in most cases. A notable exception occurred for SRP in the intermittent stream, where R tended to be higher than Ugross during most of the winter period, probably because of desorption of P from stream sediments. Together, our findings shed light on the contribution of release processes to the dynamics of nutrient spiraling and support the idea that streams can be active ecosystems with high spiraling fluxes while simultaneously approaching short-term biogeochemical steady-state

In-stream net uptake regulates inorganic nitrogen export from catchments under base flow conditions

We aimed to investigate the temporal variation of in‐stream net dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) areal uptake rates (UDIN, in μg N m−2 min−1) and its implications on regulating catchment N export, under base flow conditions. To do so, we estimated UDINfrom longitudinal profiles of ambient DIN concentration (nitrate + ammonium) in two streams on a monthly basis during two hydrological years (n = 45). We found that in‐stream DIN uptake and release did not offset each other (UDIN ≠ 0) in half of the dates, and that UDIN> 0 occurred mostly in autumn. Based on these reach‐scale uptake rates, we performed empirical calculations and model simulations to assess the potential of stream network DIN retention to regulate DIN export from catchments on an annual scale. The empirical approach consisted in up‐scalingUDIN by means of a dynamic stream network analysis that considered temporal and spatial variation of UDIN. The modeling approach consisted in applying different scenarios with the INCA model based on the natural range of empirical UDIN values. Our results showed that the contribution of stream network DIN retention to catchment DIN export increased when calculations accounted for the temporal variation of UDIN. Both approaches suggested that stream network DIN retention can significantly reduce DIN export from headwater catchments under base flow conditions (from 4% to 38%)

Analyse sémiotique du contenu médical dans des pathographies

L’article explore les éléments visuels présents dans un choix de romans graphiques médicaux en français, pour découvrir leur contribution au rôle joué par le récit graphique dans les disciplines médicales. Cinq romans graphiques ont été choisis en fonction de critères d’alphabétisme médical (littératie en santé), puis codés au moyen de diverses catégories ou étiquettes émergentes et prédéterminées, comme la couleur, le style, la représentation médicale réaliste et les métaphores référentielles. Chaque catégorie principale est composée de sous-catégories qui étiquettent spécifiquement les espaces, à l’intérieur des vignettes, comprenant de la terminologie médicale ou des informations relatives à des symptômes, des consultations, des diagnostics ou des traitements. Au moyen de ce processus de classement, l’étude est en mesure d’évaluer quel type d’information médicale est présente dans le roman graphique et au moyen de quels éléments visuels elle est représentée. Les résultats préliminaires suggèrent qu’il y a deux catégories d’information médicale qui sont visuellement présentes de façons différentes en fonction de la complexité du sujet

Identificación del nicho de mercado para la creación de una empresa de smoothies saludables /

En este proyecto se presentarán los resultados de un estudio de percepción de producto saludable, intención de consumo y motivos de elección de alimentos como batidos o smoothies. Se realizó una encuesta auto-aplicada sobre batidos y smoothies a 200 personas en la ciudad de Cartagena con edades entre 17 y 62 años, en la que se indagó la frecuencia de consumo de batidos durante el último año, los momentos del día preferidos para consumirlos y su elección en orden de preferencia. Mediante un análisis descriptivo se especificarán características fundamentales de las personas, la constancia de su consumo de bebidas saludables, la preferencia en la calidad y la variedad de los productos que estarían dispuestos a adquirir, y con base a los resultados desarrollar una idea negocio como la que aquí se pretende, teniendo en cuenta factores como la oferta y la demanda, época de cultivos, amenazas, oportunidades y estrategias que ostenta este tipo de negocio. Por otro lado, el estudio de mercado propuesto pretende crear un valor agregado a la producción de bebidas saludables en la ciudad y motivar a las personas a llevar un estilo de vida más sano.Incluye referencias bibliográficas (páginas 79-82) y anexo

Las Vegas Guitar Quartet

Program listing performers and works performed