591 research outputs found
Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and reproductive health among school adolescents in rural Transkei
No Abstract
Wind Action Phenomena Associated with Large-Span Bridges
In the past, the design of bridges over increasing distances was limited by construction techniques and, as always, by economics. As technological advances have turned possible cable-supported bridges of incredible spans, a new challenge has been added to the equation: that of withstanding the action of winds without developing undesirable dynamic responses. In this chapter, the several aerodynamic phenomena of relevance to long-span bridges are classified and discussed. This will interest both experts and non-experts in the field, thanks to the overview that is given. For certain cases, codes of practice recommend wind tunnel tests. The reader is introduced to these, as well as to numerical simulations, which are currently gaining increasing importance. Next, measures for attenuating susceptibility for undesirable dynamic responses are reviewed. The chapter ends with a discussion of the Vila Real Bridge deck section, based on wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations carried out by the authors: the aerodynamics was effectively improved with geometrically subtle modifications that were proposed and adopted still in the design phase
Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Tissues of Cattle Slaughtered across Nasarawa State, Nigeria
This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of some toxic heavy metals in cattle slaughtered from the three agricultural zones of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Selected tissues of muscle, intestine, skin, kidney and liver were analyzed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Thirty cattle were used for sampling. Five samples of the tissues were collected from each of the cattle, making a total of one hundred and fifty samples. Values obtained were compared with that of FAO/WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu in all the sampled tissues were generally low and below the codex standards. Cr was detected above permissible limit with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 1.19±5.94, 1.07±4.42, 3.01±6.65, 1.18±5.56 and 1.35±6.94 in intestine, kidney, liver, muscle and skin respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the level of Ni and Cd across two agricultural zones. Government and private sectors should establish cattle ranch and colonies across Nigeria so as to reduce pasture contamination. Public enlightenment on the grazing of cattle in heavy metals prone areas such as automobile workshops, construction sites and paint factory premises should be advocated. Measures should be put in place for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in Nasarawa state in order to curtail their potential negative effect in human and animal tissues.
Key words: cattle, heavy metals, AAS, Nasarawa state
Baryon Decuplet to Octet Electromagnetic Transitions in Quenched and Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory
We calculate baryon decuplet to octet electromagnetic transition form factors
in quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. We work in the
isospin limit of SU(3) flavor, up to next-to-leading order in the chiral
expansion, and to leading order in the heavy baryon expansion. Our results are
necessary for proper extrapolation of lattice calculations of these
transitions. We also derive expressions for the case of SU(2) flavor away from
the isospin limit.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, revtex
Transverse phase-locking in fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays: a new type of fractional giant steps
We study, analytically and numerically, phase locking of driven vortex
lattices in fully-frustrated Josephson junction arrays at zero temperature. We
consider the case when an ac current is applied {\it perpendicular} to a dc
current. We observe phase locking, steps in the current-voltage
characteristics, with a dependence on external ac-drive amplitude and frequency
qualitatively different from the Shapiro steps, observed when the ac and dc
currents are applied in parallel. Further, the critical current increases with
increasing transverse ac-drive amplitude, while it decreases for longitudinal
ac-drive. The critical current and the phase-locked current step width,
increase quadratically with (small) amplitudes of the ac-drive. For larger
amplitudes of the transverse ac-signal, we find windows where the critical
current is hysteretic, and windows where phase locking is suppressed due to
dynamical instabilities. We characterize the dynamical states around the
phase-locking interference condition in the curve with voltage noise,
Lyapunov exponents and Poincar\'e sections. We find that zero temperature
phase-locking behavior in large fully frustrated arrays is well described by an
effective four plaquette model.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
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Developing a simple risk metric for the effect of sport-related concussion and physical pain on mental health
YesRisk factors associated with depression in athletes include biological sex, physical pain, and history of sport-related concussion (SRC). Due to the well-documented benefits of sport and physical activity on mental health, athletes and non-athletes were recruited to assess any differences. Beyond this, athletes were also grouped by sport-type (contact/non-contact sports) due to the increased prevalence of pain and SRC in contact sports. To our knowledge, there has been no research on how these factors influence the likelihood of depression. In the current study, 144 participants completed a short survey on the above factors and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Sixty-two of these reported a history of concussion. Logistic regression revealed all the above predictors to be significantly associated with the depression scale. Individuals that had previously sustained SRC, were experiencing greater physical pain and females were more likely to display poor mental health. However, we provide further evidence for the benefits of engaging in sport and physical activity as those that took part in sport were less likely to report depression. Therefore, this study provides a simple risk metric whereby sportspeople can make a better informed choice of their sporting participation, making their own cost/reward judgement
Hypothalamically-Induced Insulin Release and its Potentiation During Oral and Intravenous Glucose Loads
Male Wistar rats were provided with bilateral cannulas in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and cannulas in the left and right jugular vein. Freely moving rats provided in this way with cannulas were infused with transmitters in the LHA and with various substances in the blood circulation during simultaneous sampling of blood without disturbing the animals. Infusion of norepinephrine (NE) in the LHA resulted in increased insulin levels while plasma glucagon and blood glucose were nearly not affected. This LHA mediated insulin release was suppressed by atropine injection in the blood circulation suggesting a vagal contribution to the observed phenomenon. Administration of either an oral or i.v. glucose load during noradrenergic stimulation of the LHA elicited an exaggerated insulin response when compared to their controls. This LHA potentiated insulin response during an oral and i.v. glucose load could be suppressed by atropinization of the rats. It is concluded that meal-related stimuli are relayed to the NE-stimulated area of the LHA and that these stimuli modulate the output from this area of the LHA that is concerned with the release of insulin.
Investigation of the Jahn-Teller Transition in TiF3 using Density Functional Theory
We use first principles density functional theory to calculate electronic and
magnetic properties of TiF3 using the full potential linearized augmented plane
wave method. The LDA approximation predicts a fully saturated ferromagnetic
metal and finds degenerate energy minima for high and low symmetry structures.
The experimentally observed Jahn-Teller phase transition at Tc=370K can not be
driven by the electron-phonon interaction alone, which is usually described
accurately by LDA.
Electron correlations beyond LDA are essential to lift the degeneracy of the
singly occupied Ti t2g orbital. Although the on-site Coulomb correlations are
important, the direction of the t2g-level splitting is determined by the
dipole-dipole interactions. The LDA+U functional predicts an aniferromagnetic
insulator with an orbitally ordered ground state. The input parameters U=8.1 eV
and J=0.9 eV for the Ti 3d orbital were found by varying the total charge on
the TiF ion using the molecular NRLMOL code. We estimate the
Heisenberg exchange constant for spin-1/2 on a cubic lattice to be
approximately 24 K. The symmetry lowering energy in LDA+U is about 900 K per
TiF3 formula unit.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Hadronic Electromagnetic Properties at Finite Lattice Spacing
Electromagnetic properties of the octet mesons as well as the octet and
decuplet baryons are augmented in quenched and partially quenched chiral
perturbation theory to include O(a) corrections due to lattice discretization.
We present the results for the SU(3) flavor group in the isospin limit as well
as the results for SU(2) flavor with non-degenerate quarks. These corrections
will be useful for extrapolation of lattice calculations using Wilson valence
and sea quarks, as well as calculations using Wilson sea quarks and
Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks.Comment: 19 pages, 0 figures, RevTeX
Validation of a cable speedometer for butterfly evaluation
Getting fast results from the evaluation of swimmers is one of
the most important goals to achieve with technological development
in the field. The purpose of this study was to validate a
real-time velocimetric device (speedometer) through the comparison
of their results with computer assisted videogrametry.
The sample included 7 international level swimmers (3 females
and 4 males). Each swimmer performed four 25m trials, two at
200m race pace and two at 50m race pace. For each trial, two
stroke cycles were studied, resulting on a total of 28 cycles
SWIMMING EVALUATION, ADVICE AND BIOFEEDBACK
Rev Port Cien Desp 6(Supl.2) 201–282 237
analysed. Hip v(t) curves obtained from speedometer and
videogrametry were compared, as well as the speedometer hip
curve with the one of the centre of mass (CM). The higher
mean correlation obtained was between vhip1 and vhip2
(0.955±0.028), followed by vhip1 with vCM (0.920±0.049). The
lower correlation was vhip2 vs. vCM (0.878±0.053). It was concluded
that the speedometer is a reliable, fast and interactive
tool for training advice
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