El piercing: moda actual y sus consecuencias en la salud bucal

The use of oral piercing is a common practice that can become a public health problem; unfortunately many young people who use them do not know of such adverse effects that may result. It is informed about this patient in order to illustrate the damages that they can cause and motivate to health professionals to make a proper education with patients that propitiate behaviors and life styles favoring a better quality of life.El uso del piercing oral es una práctica frecuente que puede convertirse en un problema de salud pública; desafortunadamente muchos jóvenes que los usan desconocen los efectos tan desfavorables que pueden provocar. Se informa sobre este paciente con el objetivo de ilustrar los daños que pueden ocasionar y motivar a los profesionales de la salud a realizar una correcta educación con los pacientes que propicien conductas y estilos de vida favorecedores de una mejor calidad de vida

Terapia láser de baja potencia en el tratamiento de la gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa

Introduction: periodontal diseases are very frequent in the population and new treatments are revealed every day, laser being one of the encouraging therapies that allows improving periodontal conditions. Objective: to evaluate the results of the application of low level laser in patients with chronic edematous and fibroedematous gingivitis. Method: a non-observational, quasi-experimental study of the before-after type with a non-equivalent control group was carried out at the Villa Clara Faculty of Stomatology, from March 12, 2018 to March 15, 2019. The universe was constituted per 106 patients, of which 1,278 sites affected by chronic gingivitis were selected. It worked with its entirety. Two groups were formed: 638 sites received conventional therapy plus laser application (study group) and 640 only conventional treatment (control group). Descriptive statistics were used. Results: the predominant age range was 15 to 20 years (47.17 %). Male sex prevailed (50.94 %). A higher frequency of sites affected by chronic fibroedematous gingivitis was found (83.41 %). 100 % of the affected sites had loss of morphology and 95.62 % had bleeding on probing. Greater effectiveness was evidenced in the study group (49.45 %). Conclusions: the treatment had good results in the sites where low power laser was applied, making it an effective therapeutic option for chronic edematous and fibroedematous gingivitis.Introducción: las enfermedades periodontales son muy frecuentes en la población y cada día se revelan nuevos tratamientos, siendo el láser una de las terapias alentadoras que permite mejorar las condiciones periodontales. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del láser de baja potencia en pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa. Método: se realizó un estudio no observacional, cuasi-experimental, del tipo antes después con grupo control no equivalente en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara, desde el 12 de marzo del 2018 hasta el 15 de marzo del 2019. El universo quedó constituido por 106 pacientes, de los cuales se seleccionaron 1 278 sitios afectados por gingivitis crónica. Se trabajó con su totalidad. Quedaron conformados dos grupos: 638 sitios recibieron terapia convencional más aplicación de láser (grupo de estudio) y 640 solo tratamiento convencional (grupo control). Se empleó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el rango de edad predominante fue el de 15 a 20 años (47,17 %). Preponderó el sexo masculino (50,94 %). Se encontró mayor frecuencia de sitios afectados por gingivitis crónica fibroedematosa (83,41 %). El 100 % de los sitios afectados tenían pérdida de la morfología y el 95,62 % presentaban sangramiento al sondeo. Se evidenció mayor efectividad en el grupo de estudio (49,45 %). Conclusiones: el tratamiento tuvo buenos resultados en los sitios donde se aplicó láser de baja potencia, por lo que es una opción terapéutica eficaz para la gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa

Una benzoquinona natural aislada de la secreción defensiva de un milípedo cubano endémico, Rhinocricus duvernoyi Karsch, del Valle de Yumurí

Los milípedos, artrópodos terrestres, pertenecientes a la clase Diplopoda, son un grupo de invertebrados muy antiguos que comprende unas 11 000 especies1,2 distribuidas en todas las zonas ecogeográficas del planeta. Las especies que habitan en la zona neotropical se caracterizan por su gran tamaño y poca conocida ecología química en comparación con el gran número de publicaciones en este campo para la clase Insecta y Arachnida.3 Estos invertebrados se caracterizan por una gran diversidad. Existen especies estratobiónticas, edafobiontes y epifitobiontes cuya participación resulta importante en la formación, biodegradación y evolución orgánica de los suelos. Las secreciones defensivas de los milípedos, secretadas en glándulas especializadas, que se localizan en los segmentos del cuerpo y cuya composición varía según la familia y la especie del milípedo, constituyen una extraordinaria fuente de metabolitos secundarios biológicamente activos, 4-6 cuyo estudio y valoración ecoquimiotaxonómica pueden facilitar la compleja tarea de identificación de las especies en sus hábitat y comprender el mecanismo de relaciones químico-conductuales interespecies en la fauna edáfica.7,

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Comunidades de la mesofauna edáfica en una selva baja inuudable de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Sian Kaan,' Quintana Roo, Mexico

The flood Jowland forest is a typical ecosystem of the Sian Kaan Biosphere in southeast Mexico. Two soi1 dwelling microarthropod samples were taken fram areas with different topographles, one in the dry season (March 1995) and one in the rainy season (July 1995). In ¡he rainy season, mean density was tbree times higher. Numerica11y, the Oribatid mites predominate, followed by Collembo1a and Pauropoda. regardless of the season or location. In March, the communities are concentrated in the soil, while the July sample showed a migration to the ¡eaf litter. There was no significant seasonal difference in densities. The propOltion Acarida: Collembo1a and the value of the Oreen Agregation Index for Collembola shows the marked effeet of dry soils for this group.The flood Jowland forest is a typical ecosystem of the Sian Kaan Biosphere in southeast Mexico. Two soi1 dwelling microarthropod samples were taken fram areas with different topographles, one in the dry season (March 1995) and one in the rainy season (July 1995). In ¡he rainy season, mean density was tbree times higher. Numerica11y, the Oribatid mites predominate, followed by Collembo1a and Pauropoda. regardless of the season or location. In March, the communities are concentrated in the soil, while the July sample showed a migration to the ¡eaf litter. There was no significant seasonal difference in densities. The propOltion Acarida: Collembo1a and the value of the Oreen Agregation Index for Collembola shows the marked effeet of dry soils for this group

Comunidades de la mesofauna edáfica en una selva baja inundable de la Reseva de la Biósfera de Sian Kaan, Quintana Roo, México

The flood lowland forest is a typical ecosystem of the Sian Kaan Biosphere in southeast Mexico. Two soil dwelling microarthropod samples were taken from areas with different topographies, one in the dry season (March 1995) and one in the rainy season (July 1995). In the rainy season, mean density was three times higher. Numerically, the Oribatid mites predominate, followed by Collembola and Pauropoda, regardless of the season or location. In March, the communities are concentrated in the soil, while the July sample showed a migration to the leaf litter. There was no significant seasonal difference in densities. The proportion Acarida: Collembola and the value of the Green Agregation Index for Collembola shows the marked effect of dry soils for this group

Modelo de evaluación para la educación en el trabajo desde la asignatura Ortodoncia

Background: the decentralization of education during the in-service training involves many teachers in different teaching sites, which requires uniformity when evaluating and controlling this activity. Objective: to design a model to facilitate the control and evaluation of activities in the inservice training and thereby ensure the uniformity of criteria of teachers on the skills required in the future Dentistry professional. Methods: a development research was carried out in the Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, during the 2016-2017 school year. Theoretical methods were used: analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: documentary analysis, interviews to professors of the subject and interview to key informants. The product was evaluated by specialists' criteria. Results: the study plan D promotes the link of theory with practice that is concreted in the program of the subject Orthodontics it declares the objectives and the system of abilities. There was a lack of uniformity on the part of the teachers for the registration and control of the activities during the in-service training. The interview to key informants confirmed this insufficiency and showed the need to design a model that unifies the teaching criteria on evaluation. Conclusions: the model designed was a useful tool for teachers in different teaching sites. The specialists rated the product as pertinent, useful and feasible to be applied.Fundamento: la descentralización de la enseñanza durante la educación en el trabajo involucra a muchos profesores en diferentes escenarios docentes lo que requiere de uniformidad al evaluar y controlar esta actividad.Objetivo: diseñar un modelo para facilitar el control y la evaluación de las actividades en la educación en el trabajo y con ello garantizar la uniformidad de criterios de los docentes sobre las competencias necesarias en el futuro profesional de Estomatología.Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el periodo escolar 2016-2017. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: análisis documental, entrevistas a profesores de la asignatura y entrevista a informantes clave. El producto fue valorado por criterio de especialistas.Resultados: el plan de estudio D promueve el vínculo de la teoría con la práctica que se concreta en la educación en el trabajo y el programa de la asignatura Ortodoncia declara los objetivos y el sistema de habilidades. Se constató falta de uniformidad por parte de los profesores para el registro y control de las actividades durante la educación en el trabajo. La entrevista a informantes clave confirmó esta insuficiencia y evidenció la necesidad de diseñar un modelo que unificara los criterios docentes sobre la evaluación.Conclusiones: el modelo diseñado constituyó una herramienta de utilidad para los profesores en los distintos escenarios docentes. Los especialistas valoraron el producto como pertinente, útil y factible de ser aplicado

L-phenylalanine restores vascular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats through activation of the GCH1-GFRP complex

Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability correlates with impaired cardiovascular function. NO is extremely labile and has been challenging to develop as a therapeutic agent. However, NO bioavailability could be enhanced by pharmacologically targeting endogenous NO regulatory pathways. Tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor for NO production, is synthesized by GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1), which complexes with GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). The dietary amino acid l-phenylalanine activates this complex, elevating vascular BH4. Here, the authors demonstrate that l-phenylalanine administration restores vascular function in a rodent model of hypertension, suggesting the GCH1-GFRP complex represents a rational therapeutic target for diseases underpinned by endothelial dysfunction.Peer reviewe

Caracterización de la succión en el lactante según la rehabilitación neuro-oclusal Characterization of newborn suction according the neuro-occlusal rehabilitation

En el primer mes de vida del niño, la succión juega un papel fundamental para fijar las praxias bucales básicas, que constituyen el patrón funcional de base para el desarrollo y maduración de las funciones del sistema estomatognático del niño mayor y del adulto. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con aplicación de métodos cuantitativos y recogida de datos cualitativos, para caracterizar el desarrollo de la succión del recién nacido, a través de la rehabilitación neuro-oclusal. El universo de esta investigación estuvo constituido por 56 niños pertenecientes al área de salud de la Policlínica "Santa Clara", en el periodo comprendido de septiembre a noviembre de 2008. Para la recogida de la información acerca de las variables objeto de estudio, se utilizó como instrumento la ficha de observación, que describió el momento de la succión de la leche materna. En el análisis del estudio, para ganar claridad en los resultados, se utilizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos. La succión del lactante presentó dificultades asociadas a varios factores. Uno fue la posición inadecuada, caracterizada por la falta de alineación y la separación del cuerpo del bebé de la madre. Otro lo constituyó la anatomía de la mama, tal como los pechos ingurgitados y los pezones planos e invertidos. También hubo dificultades relacionadas con el acto mismo de succión, tales como la boca no muy abierta, más areola por debajo de la boca del bebé, el labio inferior invertido, el mentón sin tocar el pecho, y el chasqueo al deglutir. En los recién nacidos tomados como muestra de estudio predominó la succión ineficaz.<br>During the first year of life of infant the suction plays a main role to fix the practical buccal praxis that are the basis functional pattern for development and maturation of Stomatognatic System functions of older child and of adult. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted to apply the quantitative methods and qualitative collection data to characterize the suction development of newborn by neuro-occlusal rehabilitation. Universe included 56 children from "Santa Clara" Polyclinic health area from September to November, 2008. For information collection on the study variables author used the card of feeding observation. In study analysis to clear up the results descriptive and comparative analyses were used. Infant suction had difficulties associated with some factors including the inappropriate position characterized by a lack of alignment and separation of infant body from the mother, as well as the mother breast anatomy, by example, obstructed breast and plain and inverted nipples Also there were another difficulties related to suction including the mouth semi-open, more areola under the baby's mouth, inversion of lower lip, non contact of chin with the breast and clicking at deglutition. In newborn as study sample there was predominance of ineffective suction