Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Internasional

The dark history of the first world war and the second world war had an impact increasingly increasing International attention to the protection of human rights. One of the efforts made was strengthening the provisions in International law. The state as the main actor in International relations plays an important role in the establishment of norms in International law. In its development, state relations are regulated in International agreements. The most common principle in International treaties is pacta sunt servanda. In general, the pacta sunt servanda defined by the state is only bound by the agreement pursuant approval from the state. This becomes very crucial for the protection of the sovereignty of the state. In reality, however, there are few International treaties that grant rights and obligations to countries that do not participate in International treaties. Related to International criminal law enforcement, the existence of this principle keep on debated, especially since those stipulated in International criminal law are International crimes and punishment of perpetrators of such crimes. The International dimension in a crime can be seen from various aspects. Therefore this paper will discuss the principle of pacta sunt servanda in law enforcement of International criminal law. This research was normative juridical as the main approach. The principle of pacta sunt servanda should not be based of state bondage in International criminal law enforcement, the state may be bound in that by customary International law

Hubungan Explosive Power Otot Tungkai dan Kecepatan Lari40 Yarddengan Hasil Lompat Jauh Gaya Jongkoksiswa Putra Kelas V Sdn 010 Rambah Kab. Rohul

Based on the researcher's of male students in grade V SDN 010 Rambah while do long jump, research found while student do running start was not optimal. The purpose of this research is to see corelation between explosive power leg muscles and 40 yard running speed with the long jump result squat style of male students class V SDN 010 Rambah Rokan Hulu District. Population in this research is all male students class V SDN 010 Rambah amount 20 people. Based on population that is not so large and within the limits the researchers set the whole population is used as a sample. The research sample as many as 20 people. Research used standing board jump test be measured with centimeter, 40 yard run test be measured with second and long jump test squat style be measured centimeter. Data were analyzed by product moment correlation. Based on research results, it can be concluded as follows : 1. Shows that there is correlations of explosive power leg muscle with the long jump result which shows correlation rhitung (0,473)> rtabel (0,456) padaα=0,05. 2 there is correlation of 40 yard running speed with long jump, which shows correlation rhitung (0,616)> rtabel (0,456) padaα=0,05. 3. There is corelations between explosive power leg muscles and 40 yard running speed with the result of long jump, which shows rhitung (0,645)> rtabel (0,456) padaα=0,0

Synthesis, photophysical and electroluminescent properties of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-benzo[g]pyrazolo[3,4–b]quinoxaline

Abstract Experimental investigations of electroluminescence spectra for new azaacene derivative have been performed. Azaacene was used as dopant in {PVK} matrices in electroluminescence devices with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Ca/Al light-emitting diode configuration. The yellow emission was obtained with the electroluminance of 1530 cd/m2 at 15.0V

Estimation of detrimental impact of new metals candidate in advanced microelectronic

The increasing complexity and miniaturization of integrated circuits (IC) requires the introduction of a large number of new materials which represent possible risk of contamination. Indeed many integration steps use “exotic metals” to achieve the targeted device performance: - The transistor includes high-k dielectrics to replace SiO2, silicides to replace the polycrystalline Si gate, metals for electrodes, substrates with high mobility. - Interconnects need new barriers for Copper. - Non-volatile memories and Above IC components such as RF features or imagers introduce new materials to target specific electrical, magnetic or optical properties. This study follows work published in 2005 by Bigot et al. [1] and will focus on the behavior of each element toward Si and SiO2 properties. This work aims at completing previous work dealing with the seriousness of cross contamination and will report for the first time with “news” metals for which the behavior in Silicon and oxide is really unknown ( Sc, Er, Yb, La, Cd,...)

Targeting cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen in neutrophil-dominated inflammation.

New therapeutic approaches that can accelerate neutrophil apoptosis under inflammatory conditions to enhance the resolution of inflammation are now under study. Neutrophils are deprived of proliferative capacity and have a tightly controlled lifespan to avoid their persistence at the site of injury. We have recently described that the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a nuclear factor involved in DNA replication and repair of proliferating cells is a key regulator of neutrophil survival. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocalization occurred during granulocytic differentiation and is dependent on a nuclear export sequence thus strongly suggesting that PCNA has physiologic cytoplasmic functions. In this review, we will try to put into perspective the physiologic relevance of PCNA in neutrophils. We will discuss key issues such as molecular structure, post-translational modifications, based on our knowledge of nuclear PCNA, assuming that similar principles governing its function are conserved between nuclear and cytosolic PCNA. The example of cystic fibrosis that features one of the most intense neutrophil-dominated pulmonary inflammation will be discussed. We believe that through an intimate comprehension of the cytosolic PCNA scaffold based on nuclear PCNA knowledge, novel pathways regulating neutrophil survival can be unraveled and innovative agents can be developed to dampen inflammation where it proves detrimental

Compound tool construction by New Caledonian crows

The construction of novel compound tools through assemblage of otherwise non-functional elements involves anticipation of the affordances of the tools to be built. Except for few observations in captive great apes, compound tool construction is unknown outside humans, and tool innovation appears late in human ontogeny. We report that habitually tool-using New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) can combine objects to construct novel compound tools. We presented 8 naive crows with combinable elements too short to retrieve food targets. Four crows spontaneously combined elements to make functional tools, and did so conditionally on the position of food. One of them made 3- and 4-piece tools when required. In humans, individual innovation in compound tool construction is often claimed to be evolutionarily and mechanistically related to planning, complex task coordination, executive control, and even language. Our results are not accountable by direct reinforcement learning but corroborate that these crows possess highly flexible abilities that allow them to solve novel problems rapidly. The underlying cognitive processes however remain opaque for now. They probably include the species' typical propensity to use tools, their ability to judge affordances that make some objects usable as tools, and an ability to innovate perhaps through virtual, cognitive simulations

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Development Psychopathology in context: schoo

Relations between combined oral contraceptive therapy and indices of autonomic balance (baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability) in young healthy women

Introduction: There are structural and functional links between autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Derivatives of estrogens and gestagens applied in combined oral contraceptives (COC) reduce the production of endogenous sex steroids, but their effect on autonomic nervous system remains unknown. Aim: To compare indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) among young healthy women taking vs. non-taking COC. Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a group of 53 healthy women (age: 23±3 years, BMI: 22.3±2.8 kg/m2) taking COC for ≥ 3 months (COC-group) and in a group of 113 healthy women (age: 24±4 years, BMI: 22.0±3.1 kg/m2) not taking COC for ≥3 months (n-COC-group). All examined women were between the 4th and the 8th day of menstrual (or pill-driven) cycle lasting from 21 to 35 days. Indices of autonomic balance was assessed based on the time- and frequency- domains of heart rate variability (HRV, very low (VLF), low (LF), high (HF) frequencies and total HRV spectrum). BRS was evaluated using the sequence (BRS-Seq) and the controlled breathing (BRS-CtBr) methods. Results: There were no differences in: age, weight, height, measures of adiposity and fat distribution, the menstrual (or pill-driven) cycle day on the day of examination, heart rate and HRV parameters between the two studied groups (all p>0.1). BRS-CtBr was higher among n-COC-group as compared to COC-group (20.00±6.28 vs. 18.07±6.57 ms/mmHg,