Book Review: Mother of the Universe: Visions of the Goddess and Tantric Hymns of Enlightenment

A review of Lex Hixon\u27s Mother of the Universe: Visions of the Goddess and Tantric Hymns of Enlightenment

Constitutional education related to the development of human rights as an effort to prevent radicalism

Islamic religious education, including subjects that must be given to students who are Muslim, even though these students study at non-Islamic schools. Likewise, on the other hand, Islamic schools must also facilitate religious education in accordance with the religions of their students. Santo Paulus Catholic High School Jember, including a school that facilitates Islamic religious education for Muslim students. Uniquely, there is a religiosity subject, which includes all universal values in the official religion in Indonesia. The focus of this research is, how is the portrait and dynamics of Islamic religious education in non-Muslim schools (Catholic schools)? In this context, the authors chose a qualitative approach in data mining and processing. Interviews, document studies, observation, data research are the techniques chosen in research data collection. The research findings: 1) SMA Catholic Santo Paulus Jember has 6 Islamic religious education teachers, but they are not in accordance with the qualifications of the subjects they are teaching, 2) apart from PAI subjects, SMA Catholic Santo Paulus Jember strengthens students with religiosity lessons, namely lessons which includes universal values of all religions, 3) SMA Catholic Santo Paulus Jember is in demand by students from the six official religions in Indonesia

Comparison of Material Properties used for Interim Prosthesis in Fixed Dental Prosthesis: An Invitro Study

INTRODUCTION: The significance of the provisional (treatment) restoration among the procedures required for successful completion of a fixed partial denture is often overlooked. Perhaps the inaccurate assignment of the term “temporary” to the interim restoration has generated the misconception that, eventual placement of the permanent restoration will immediately and miraculously remedy the detrimental effects of a poorly conceived and fabricated transitional restoration. The treatment with provisional restorations is an integral part of restorative treatment procedures with fixed prosthetic restorations i.e. crowns and bridges. Provisional has to fulfill important functions within the timeframe between preparation of a tooth and until fitting respectively luting of the final fixed metal or ceramic restoration. A well-made provisional fixed partial denture should provide a preview of the future prosthesis and enhance the health of the abutments and periodontium. The provisional restoration is often intended for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, being a test structure where all the necessary functional, occlusal, and esthetic adjustments can be carried out to optimize incorporation of the definitive prosthesis. This is subsequently made on the basis of the information recorded from the provisional restoration, whose occlusal surface is made of resin and can be shaped and carved in accordance with the patient’s stomatognathic dynamics. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were To find out the Flexural strength, compressive strength,microhardness,colour stability and polymerization shrinkage of three provisional materials namely, 1. REVOTEC LC, 2. PROTEMP 4, 3. TEMSPAN. This study was done with following aims and objectives: 1. To evaluate the flexural strength values of three different provisional composite restorative materials. 2. To evaluate the compressive strength of three different provisional composite restorative materials. 3. To evaluate the color stability of three different provisional composite restorative materials at different immersion periods in a standardized coffee solution. 4. To evaluate the change in micro hardness of three different provisional composite restorative materials at different immersion periods. 5. To evaluate the polymerization shrinkage of three different provisional composite restorative materials at different time intervals. MATERIALS USED FOR THE STUDY: 1. TEMPSPAN - is a dual cure system consisting of Bisphenol-A diethoxy methacrylate based material. 2. PROTEMP 4 -is a chemically cured 2 component system, consisting of Bis – GMA based material. 3. REVOTEK LC -is a light cured single component composite resin consisting of Urethane dimethacrylate resins (UDMA). 4. Coffee powder (Nescafe, New Delhi, India), 5. Polishing – Tungsten Carbide, Pumice and diamond polishing paste, 6. Artificial saliva, 7. Distilled water. Instruments: 1. Stainless steel mold used to prepare the specimens. 2. Standard weight – in Kilograms- 2.5 Kg weight is used. Equipments: 1. Universal testing machine (fig 13): Manufactured by Llyods company, England (Model INSTRON 3382) to test the Flexural strength and compressive strength samples. 2. Knoops hardness tester (fig 17): Model 420 MVD Walpert Wilson Instrument, to test the samples for microhardness. 3. Spectrophotometer (fig 19) : Minolta CM 3600d-Japan ,to test the samples for color analysis. 4. Coordinate measuring machine (fig 21) : To test the specimens for Polymerisation shrinkage. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The aim of the study was to compare the properties of three composite provisional crown and bridge materials. Samples from provisional materials were prepared to check five different properties namely 1. Flexural strength, 2. Compressive strength, 3. Microhardness, 4. Colour stability and, 5. Polymerization shrinkage. A standardized procedure was adopted for the preparation of test specimens. According to specimen size, 3 groups were categorized namely: SPECIMEN A- Used for calculating flexural and compressive strength. Specimen A size was standardized with 25mm x 2mm x 2mm (American national Standards Institute / American Dental Association specification no 27). SPECIMEN B- Used for calculating colour stability and microhardness. Specimen B size was standardized with 20mm diameter cicles, 2mm thickness. SPECIMEN C- Used for calculating polymerization shrinkage. Specimen C were standardized with stainless steel plate 2mm in thickness. Six circles of 20mm diameter were machined to form the mold space. V shaped notches with a 2mm diameter at open end of V were made at 4 corners of the circles to help us in measuring the shrinkage in 2 dimensions. According to types of materials used, it was categorized into 3 groups namely, Group 1 - Light cure material – REVOTEK LC, Group 2 - Self cure material – PROTEMP 4, Group 3 - Dual cure material – TEMPSPAN. 10 samples from each of the 3 groups were subjected to five different property testings. From the results obtained, 1) Group 2 - Self cure material – PROTEMP 4 has more flexural strength. 2) Group 2 - Self cure material – PROTEMP 4 has more compressive strength. 3) Group 2 - Self cure material – PROTEMP 4 has more microharness. 4) Group 1 - Light cure material – Revotek LC is more colour stable. 5) Group 2 - Self cure material – PROTEMP 4 exhibits least shrinkage. 1. When provisional restoration is to be given in the esthetic region then urethane dimethacrylate based material (Revotek LC) can be used. 2.When the provisional restoration has to be placed for a longer span of time then chemically cured bis-GMA based material (Protemp 4) can be used. 3. If a provisional long span bridge has to be placed then chemically cured Bis-GMA based material (Protemp 4) can be used. It was inferred from the study that no one material was superior in all five tested parameters. Although these products are made from similar materials, variation in formulation including the cross-linking agents, appear to have resulted in variations in the performance. Further investigation is required to elucidate the nature of product differences and the way in which these materials respond to the oral environment

The Wavemaking Resistance of Ships: Vertical Force and Form Resistance of a Hull at Uniform Velocity

A mathematical model has been tested in calm water and total resistance, trim and vertical forces measured. Measurements are compared with calculations made using a linearised theory and it is concluded that neglect of non-linearities contributes more to the poor agreement between calculation and measurement than the neglect of viscosity. A relation between vertical force, wave resistance and friction form resistance is proposed and it is suggested that there is a relation between trimming moment, wave resistance and viscous pressure resistance. In order to test these deductions, a large ram bulb was designed to modify the flow over the hull. Total resistance, wave pattern resistance, sinkage, trim and vertical forces were measured after the addition of the bulb. This second series of tests showed that a ram bow can markedly alter the viscous pressure resistance and running trim of a model

Diversity of common bean in Jammu and Kashmir, India: a DIVAgeographic information system and cluster analysis

A total of 80 diverse germplasm accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were collected from 31 different locations known for marginal and risk prone farming systems in remote and hilly areas of North-Western Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir. The variability was observed in seed color, shape, size and 100- seed weight. Thirteen colors of bean seeds were represented in these 80 accessions with high predominance of red colored seeds. Cuboid, kidney and oval seed shapes observed were represented respectively in 61.25%, 25% and 13.75% of the accessions. There were significant variations in seed length, width and 100-seed weight being highly significant in the later case. All the three seed size classes (small, medium and large according to CIAT categorization) were represented in the collected accessions. 22.5% accessions have 100-seed weight less than 25g, 53.75% accessions have 100-seed weight between 25-40g while 100-seed weight of more than 40g was recorded in 23.75% of the accessions. Highly positive correlations were found between 100-seed weight and seed length and width and between seed length and seed width. The 80 accessions were grouped in three clusters at a coefficient level of 0.3 with largest cluster of 59 accessions followed by a medium cluster with 20 accessions and the least with a single accession. Grid maps generated through DIVA-GIS software indicated that diverse accessions of common bean in terms of seed size and weight can be sourced from the areas falling in Budgam, Shopian and Kulgam districts of the state. Conservation of this remarkable genetic diversity is recommended for future propagation, breeding and the investigation of the genetic relationships

Comportement thermo-mécanique et métallurgique des aciers

La détermination des contraintes et déformations résiduelles induites par le soudage ou le trempe des aciers joue un rôle très important pour la prédiction de durée de vie des structures. Le travail présenté dans cet article décrit une loi de comportement anisotherme permettant de modéliser le problème couplé thermo-mécanique et métallurgique des aciers. Dans le modèle proposé, le comportement thermo-mécanique de chaque phase est traité indépendamment et le comportement macroscopique du matériau s'obtient en utilisant l'hypothèse de contrainte homogène (Reuss). Le modèle a été implanté dans le code COMSOL Multiphysics. Nous avons constaté une bonne concordance entre nos résultats de calcul et les résultats expérimentaux issus de littérature, de plus nous avons montré l'influence de la viscosité sur le niveau des contraintes résiduelles induites par les procédés de soudage ou de trempe des aciers

Formulation and optimization of directly compressible floating tablets of famotidine using 23 factorial design

The aim of the present investigation was to develop a modified release effervescent floating drug delivery system of famotidine for 12 h dosage regimen to improve its bioavailability. Effervescent floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method taking into account its advantages over wet granulation by using directly compressible excipients like Carbopol® 71G and Cellactose® 80. The incorporation of sodium bicarbonate aided in the buoyancy with effervescent approach. The prepared tablets were evaluated for floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT), in vitro drug release along with general parameters. 23 factorial design was used for optimization. The tablets showed desired release of more than 98 % over the period of 12 h which may increase bioavailability of selected candidate. The release of famotidine was found to be influenced by the polymer concentration. Optimized formulation showed acceptable stability over three months at 40 ºC and 75 % RH.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire