17 research outputs found
African and Asian origin pearl millet populations: Genetic diversity pattern and its association with yield heterosis
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food crop of arid and
semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. Forty-five pearl millet populations of Asian
and African origin were assessed for genetic diversity using 29 simple sequence
repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR-based clustering and structure analyses showed
that Asian origin–Asian bred (As-As) and African origin–African bred (Af-Af)
populations were distributed across seven clusters, indicating no strong relationship
among populations with their geographical origin. Most of the African
origin–Asian bred (Af-As) populations had a higher average number of alleles per
locus than As-As or Af-Af populations, and the majority of them clustered separately
from As-As or Af-Af populations, indicating that introgression of African
origin breeding materials led to the development of new gene pools adapted to
the Asian region. Fourteen populations representing seven clusters were crossed
according to a diallel mating design to generate 91 population hybrids (seeds of
direct and reciprocal crossesweremixed) and evaluated at three locations in 2016.
All the 91 hybrids when partitioned into three groups based on genetic distance
(GD) between parental combinations (low,moderate, and high), revealed no correlation
between GD and panmictic midparent heterosis in any of the groups,
indicating that grain yield heterosis cannot be predicted based on GD. Two population
hybrids (GB 8735 × ICMP 87307 and Sudan I × Ugandi) exhibited high
levels of yield heterosis over standard checks and can be further utilized using
different breeding schemes to develop high-yielding pearl millet cultivars
Heterotic pools in African and Asian origin populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Forty-five African or Asian origin pearl millet populations bred either in Africa or Asia were investigated
to generate information on heterotic pools. They were clustered into seven groups (G1 to G7) when
genotyped, using 29 highly polymorphic SSRs. Fourteen parental populations representing these
seven marker-based groups were crossed in diallel mating design to generate 91 population hybrids.
The hybrids evaluated at three locations in India showed mean panmictic mid-parent heterosis
(PMPH) and better-parent heterosis (PBPH) for grain yield ranging from − 21.7 to 62.08% and − 32.51
to 42.99%, respectively. Higher grain yield and heterosis were observed in G2 × G6 (2462 kg ha−
1,
43.2%) and G2 × G5 (2455 kg ha−
1, 42.8%) marker group crosses compared to the most popular Indian
open-pollinated variety (OPV) ICTP 8203. Two heterotic groups, Pearl millet Population Heterotic
Pool-1 (PMPHP-1) comprising G2 populations and Pearl millet Population Heterotic Pool-2 (PMPHP-
2) comprising G5 and G6 populations, were identified based on hybrid performance, heterosis and
combining ability among marker group crosses. Population hybrids from two heterotic groups,
PMPHP-1 × PMPHP-2 demonstrated PMPH of 14.75% and PBPH of 6.8%. Populations of PMPHP-1 had
linkages with either African or Asian origin populations, whereas PMPHP-2 composed of populations
originating in Africa and later bred for Asian environments. Results indicated that parental populations
from the two opposite heterotic groups can be used as base populations to derive superior inbred lines
to develop high yielding hybrids/cultivars
Heterotic pools in African and Asian origin populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Abstract Forty-five African or Asian origin pearl millet populations bred either in Africa or Asia were investigated to generate information on heterotic pools. They were clustered into seven groups (G1 to G7) when genotyped, using 29 highly polymorphic SSRs. Fourteen parental populations representing these seven marker-based groups were crossed in diallel mating design to generate 91 population hybrids. The hybrids evaluated at three locations in India showed mean panmictic mid-parent heterosis (PMPH) and better-parent heterosis (PBPH) for grain yield ranging from − 21.7 to 62.08% and − 32.51 to 42.99%, respectively. Higher grain yield and heterosis were observed in G2 × G6 (2462 kg ha−1, 43.2%) and G2 × G5 (2455 kg ha−1, 42.8%) marker group crosses compared to the most popular Indian open-pollinated variety (OPV) ICTP 8203. Two heterotic groups, Pearl millet Population Heterotic Pool-1 (PMPHP-1) comprising G2 populations and Pearl millet Population Heterotic Pool-2 (PMPHP-2) comprising G5 and G6 populations, were identified based on hybrid performance, heterosis and combining ability among marker group crosses. Population hybrids from two heterotic groups, PMPHP-1 × PMPHP-2 demonstrated PMPH of 14.75% and PBPH of 6.8%. Populations of PMPHP-1 had linkages with either African or Asian origin populations, whereas PMPHP-2 composed of populations originating in Africa and later bred for Asian environments. Results indicated that parental populations from the two opposite heterotic groups can be used as base populations to derive superior inbred lines to develop high yielding hybrids/cultivars
A New Intraoral Appliance for Trismus in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Trismus is the most common sequelae of various pathological processes leading to compromised nutritional state in addition to physical and psychological disabilities. Therapeutic interventions are available to relieve trismus, which range from oral usage of pharmacological agents to intralesional steroid therapy. Intraoral appliance therapy can be employed as an alternative or adjuvant treatment for radiotherapy-induced fibrosis and autoimmune disorders such as scleroderma, psychogenic trismus, and oral submucous fibrosis, decreasing the adverse effects associated with other pharmacological interventions. A novel intraoral appliance—“Nallan C-H”—has been developed and tried for trismus producing better results. A report on three such cases having trismus due to a premalignancy has been presented. It is hypothesized that the same appliance can be used for treating inoperable trismus in palliative care setting additionally or as an adjuvant to pharmacological approach