HUBUNGAN HIPERTENSI DENGAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DI POSYANDU LANSIA BINAAN PUSKESMAS NGORESAN, SURAKARTA

Matius Dimas Reza Dana Ismaya, G.0012129, 2015. Hubungan Hipertensi dengan Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Binaan Puskesmas Ngoresan, Surakarta. Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Latar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan kejadian peningkatan tekanan darah dan menimbulkan gejala tertentu sehingga mampu membuat kerusakan yang lebih besar pada tubuh. Lanjut usia atau seseorang yang berumur lebih dari 60 tahun akan lebih mudah terkena hipertensi karena terjadi banyak perubahan fungsi dan struktur dalam tubuhnya. Hipertensi akan memicu terjadinya perubahan struktur vaskular sehingga terjadi gangguan autoregulasi cerebral, lesi di substansia alba, infark lakunar, dan pada akhirnya akan menjadi gangguan fungsi kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara hipertensi dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif pada Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Binaan Puskesmas Ngoresan, Surakarta dan faktor apa saja yang ikut memengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Posyandu Lansia dan Poli Umum Puskesmas Ngoresan, Kota Surakarta pada Oktober-November 2015. Subjek penelitian adalah Lansia yang menderita hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngoresan, Surakarta, berjenis kelamin pria, berusia ≥ 60 tahun, dan tidak buta aksara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 60 orang yang terdiri dari 30 responden hipertensi dan 30 responden tidak hipertensi. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan dengan sphygmomanometer raksa. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dilakukan dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Data dianalisis dengan uji analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi Square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Hasil uji analisis antara hipertensi dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (OR = 7.59; CI 95% = 1.73 – 33.30; p = 0,007). Uji analisis antara aktivitas merokok dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (OR = 0.07; CI 95% = 0.01 – 0.40; p = 0.003). Tingkat pendidikan dan lama hipertensi menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan nilai masing-masing adalah p = 0.059; p = 0.697. Simpulan : Hipertensi merupakan faktor yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif dan merokok merupakan faktor yang menurunkan risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif. Kata kunci : Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif, Hipertens

Combining genetic algorithm and Sinc-Galerkin method for solving an inverse diffusion problem

A numerical approach combining the use of a genetic algorithm with the solution of the Sinc-Galerkin method is proposed for the determination of an unknown time-dependent diffusivity a(t) in an inverse diffusion problem (IDP). At the beginning of the numerical algorithm, Sinc-Galerkin method is employed to solve the direct diffusion problem. The present approach is to rearrange the matrix forms of the governing equations. Then, the genetic algorithm is adopted to find the solution of IDP. The genetic algorithm used in this work is not a classical genetic algorithm. Instead, the application of the genetic algorithm to this discrete-time optimal control problem is called a real-valued genetic algorithm(RVGA). Some numerical experiments confirm the utility of this algorithm as the results are in good agreement with the exact data. Results Show that a reasonable estimation can be obtained by combining the genetic algorithm and Sinc-Galerkin method within a CPU with clock speed 2.7 GHz.Publisher's Versio

Corneal Lymphatics: Role in Ocular Inflammation as Inducer and Responder of Adaptive Immunity

The normal cornea is devoid of lymphatic and blood vessels, thus suppressing both the afferent (lymphatic) and efferent (vascular) arms of the immune response–contributing to its ‘immune privilege’. Inflammation, however, negates this unique ‘immune’ and ‘angiogenic’ privilege of the cornea. Abnormal blood vessel growth from pre-existing limbal vessels into the cornea has been studied for many years, but it is only recently that the significance of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in ocular inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated. Whereas blood vessels in inflamed ocular surface provide a route of entry for immune effector cells to the cornea, lymphatics facilitate the exit of antigen-presenting cells and antigenic material from the cornea to regional lymph nodes, thus promoting induction of adaptive immune response. This review summarizes the current evidence for lymphangiogenesis in the cornea, and describes its molecular mediators; and discusses the interface between corneal lymphangiogenesis and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic implications of corneal lymphangiogenesis in the setting of allo- and autoimmune-mediated corneal inflammation are discussed

Advances and limitations of drug delivery systems formulated as eye drops.

Topical instillation of eye drops remains the most common and easiest route of ocular drug administration, representing the treatment of choice for many ocular diseases. Nevertheless, low ocular bioavailability of topically applied drug molecules can considerably limit their efficacy. Over the last several decades, numerous drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed in order to improve drug bioavailability on the ocular surfaces. This review systematically covers the most recent advances of DDS applicable by topical instillation, that have shown better performance in in vivo models compared to standard eye drop formulations. These delivery systems are based on in situ forming gels, nanoparticles and combinations of both. Most of the DDS have been developed using natural or synthetic polymers. Polymers offer many advantageous properties for designing advanced DDS including biocompatibility, gelation properties and/or mucoadhesiveness. However, despite the high number of studies published over the last decade, there are several limitations for clinical translation of DDS. This review article focuses on the recent advances for the development of ocular drug delivery systems. In addtion, the potential challenges for commercialization of new DDS are presented

Pathology of Strategies in Trading of Flower and Plant: A Case Study in Export Market of Flower and Plant in Khuzestan

Flower and plant market is considered as one of relatively ingenious potentials and its capability as the non-petroleum good has a considerable profit. Based on purpose, this research is regarded as the applied research and based on data and nature, this research is descriptive-analytic. The population consists of importers and exporters of ornamental flower and plant in Khuzestan Province. This research aims to study the current function of exporters in the internal and foreign market regarding the rivals’ strategies of marketing and its evaluation and the reasons for inefficiency of flower and plant industry. Results show that there is a meaningful relation between the effect of development strategies and confrontation with entry strategies; entry strategy is the effective factor on world trade

The Critical Role of Lymph Nodes in Corneal Alloimmunization and Graft Rejection

purpose. To elucidate the role of draining cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) in corneal alloimmunity. methods. Fully mismatched orthotopic corneal transplantation was performed in BALB/c hosts that had their CLNs excised before transplantation (CLN−). Normal hosts (CLN+), splenectomized mice (Sp−), and those without either CLNs or spleen (CLN−/Sp−) served as comparison groups. To determine the contribution of CLNs to alloimmunity more directly, CLN− mice were reconstituted by grafting LNs from other BALB/c mice to their cervical lymphatic chains, thus deriving CLN−/+ mice. Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate’s (TRITC) flow to draining CLNs was used as a measure of afferent lymph flow. Graft survival and allospecific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were used as measures of alloreactivity. results. Fifty percent of normal control and 12% of Sp− hosts accepted the allografts. In contrast, 100% of CLN− and 88% of CLN−/Sp− hosts accepted allografts indefinitely (P < 0.01). Additionally, all CLN− hosts failed to demonstrate allospecific DTH (P < 0.001). CLN−/+ mice reconstituted with LN from naïve animals showed graft survival rates and DTH responses that were indistinguishable from those of naïve CLN+ mice. Of particular interest, however, is that mice reconstituted with CLNs from hosts with rejected corneal grafts had swift rejection of subsequent corneal grafts and exhibited strong donor-specific DTH. In contrast, mice reconstituted with CLNs from hosts with accepted corneal grafts showed rejection of subsequent corneal grafts in a manner that was indistinguishable from rejection in naïve CLN+ hosts. conclusions. Draining CLNs play a critical role in allosensitization and rejection. In contrast to the spleen, draining CLNs do not appear to play a critical role in tolerance induction in corneal transplantation

Data-guide for brain deformation in surgery: comparison of linear and nonlinear models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pre-operative imaging devices generate high-resolution images but intra-operative imaging devices generate low-resolution images. To use high-resolution pre-operative images during surgery, they must be deformed to reflect intra-operative geometry of brain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We employ biomechanical models, guided by low resolution intra-operative images, to determine location of normal and abnormal regions of brain after craniotomy. We also employ finite element methods to discretize and solve the related differential equations. In the process, pre- and intra-operative images are utilized and corresponding points are determined and used to optimize parameters of the models. This paper develops a nonlinear model and compares it with linear models while our previous work developed and compared linear models (mechanical and elastic).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nonlinear model is evaluated and compared with linear models using simulated and real data. Partial validation using intra-operative images indicates that the proposed models reduce the localization error caused by brain deformation after craniotomy.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The proposed nonlinear model generates more accurate results than the linear models. When guided by limited intra-operative surface data, it predicts deformation of entire brain. Its execution time is however considerably more than those of linear models.</p

Corneal Inflammation After Miniature Keratoprosthesis Implantation

Citation: Crnej A, Omoto M, Dohlman TH, Dohlman CH, Dana R. Corneal inflammation after miniature keratoprosthesis implantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

MAC-Oriented Programmable Terahertz PHY via Graphene-based Yagi-Uda Antennas

Graphene is enabling a plethora of applications in a wide range of fields due to its unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. In the realm of wireless communications, graphene shows great promise for the implementation of miniaturized and tunable antennas in the terahertz band. These unique advantages open the door to new reconfigurable antenna structures which, in turn, enable novel communication protocols at different levels of the stack. This paper explores both aspects by, first, presenting a terahertz Yagi-Uda-like antenna concept that achieves reconfiguration both in frequency and beam direction simultaneously. Then, a programmable antenna controller design is proposed to expose the reconfigurability to the PHY and MAC layers, and several examples of its applicability are given. The performance and cost of the proposed scheme is evaluated through full-wave simulations and comparative analysis, demonstrating reconfigurability at nanosecond granularity with overheads below 0.02 mm$^{2}$ and 0.2 mW.Comment: Accepted for presentation in IEEE WCNC '1