Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-completicação

Atletas de Powerlifting apresentam necessidades diferenciadas para macro e micronutrientes, a fim de atender as necessidades especiais de seus treinos e competições. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de Powerlifting uma semana antes da competição. Participaram da amostra 21 atletas competidores de nível estadual do Estado do Paraná - Brasil com idade média de 28,9 ± 11,1 anos. A avaliação dietética foi realizada por meio do registro alimentar de três dias. Estes registros foram preenchidos pelos próprios atletas, após prévia orientação. Os resultados demonstram ingestão hiperproteica, hipoglicídica e hipolipídica e consumo inadequado abaixo para vitaminas C e K, Cálcio, Zinco, e acima para vitaminas B1, B6, B12 e Ferro. Os resultados da presente pesquisa indicaram que a ingestão energética dos atletas, uma semana antes da competição, se mostrou inapropriada em comparação com a necessidade energética total recomendada. ABSTRACT Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-competiçãoPowerlifting athletes have different needs for macro and micronutrients in order to meet the special needs of their workouts and competitions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of macro and micronutrients in Powerlifting athletes one week before the competition. Twenty-one athletes from the State of Paraná - Brazil, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 11.1 years, participated in that study. The dietary assessment was performed by means of a three day’s food registry. These records were completed by the athletes themselves, after prior orientation. The results show hyperproteic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidic ingestion, and inadequate intake below for vitamins C and K, Calcium, Zinc and above for vitamins B1, B6, B12 and Iron. The results of the present study indicated that the athletes' energy intake one week before the competition proved to be inappropriate compared to the total recommended energy requirement

Perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos emergenciais relacionados a transtornos psiquiátricos na região norte do Brasil durante o biênio de 2017-2018 / Epidemiological profile of the emergency cases related to psychiatric disorders on the north region of Brazil during 2017-2018

Introdução: A definição de transtornos mentais e comportamentais é um conceito amplo, abrangendo desde complicações advindas do uso de substâncias psicoativas, perpassando pelos transtornos ocorridos nas fases de desenvolvimento psicológico e podendo incluir situações ambientais, como estresse e algumas formas de doenças somatoformes. Assim, apesar da ampla gama de doenças presentes no capítulo V do CID-10, algumas destas podem comprometer seriamente a vida de seu portador, seja por meio do agravo à qualidade de vida deste, ou pela idealização suicida em casos mais extremos, sendo comum o atendimento emergencial à vítima de transtornos psiquiátricos. Objetivo: Relatar o perfil epidemiológico de atendimentos emergenciais na região Norte do Brasil durante o biênio de 2017-2018. Metodologia: Este é um estudo descritivo, o qual faz uso de dados públicos relativos à epidemiologia em questão. Os dados foram acessados por meio do sistema DATASUS TABNET e tratados por meio do programa Microsoft Word 2010 e Excel 2010. Resultados: Durante o biênio 2017-2018, foram registrados 624 internações por lesões autoprovocadas voluntariamente na Região norte do Brasil. O estado do Pará registrou o maior índice, com 45,5%, seguido por Rondônia (24,1%) e Acre (8%). Destas internações, cerca de 90% foram realizadas sob caráter emergencial, em especial nos estados do Pará e de Rondônia. O grupo com maiores índices de atendimento emergencial por transtornos psiquiátricos foi o com a faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos, sendo registrados cerca de 207 atendimentos (24,9%), seguidos por adultos de idade entre 20 e 29 anos (23,5%). Discussão: A atenção aos transtornos mentais tem sido foco de análise recorrente nos últimos tempos. Dentro deste panorama, De Oliveira Teixeira et al (2018) consideram este tópico como uma questão de saúde pública. Neste contexto, os dados encontrados durante a realização desta pesquisa convergem com os de Calegaro et al (2016), no que diz respeito à faixa etária e sexo com maiores índices de internações por transtornos psiquiátricos, sendo os homens com idade compreendida entre 20 a 29 anos, o grupo mais acometido. Conclusão: O atendimento emergencial de pacientes com transtornos mentais é uma realidade frequente na região Norte do Brasil. Segundo Calfat e colegas (2018), o atendimento médico ao paciente psiquiátrico em todos níveis de atenção à saúde está diretamente relacionado à redução da incidência de crises e emergências psiquiátricas. Desta forma, pode-se inferir que a prevenção e promoção em saúde, bem como a melhoria das formas de atenção primária podem ser consideradas estratégias importantes na redução de emergências psiquiátricas.

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene are associated with the plasma levels of MBL and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in severe COVID-19

IntroductionMannose-binding lectin (MBL) promotes opsonization, favoring phagocytosis and activation of the complement system in response to different microorganisms, and may influence the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms with the plasma levels of MBL and inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19.MethodsBlood samples from 385 individuals (208 with acute COVID-19 and 117 post-COVID-19) were subjected to real-time PCR genotyping. Plasma measurements of MBL and cytokines were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThe frequencies of the polymorphic MBL2 genotype (OO) and allele (O) were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). The polymorphic genotypes (AO and OO) were associated with lower MBL levels (p< 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in patients with low MBL and severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). No association of polymorphisms, MBL levels, or cytokine levels with long COVID was observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that, besides MBL2 polymorphisms promoting a reduction in MBL levels and therefore in its function, they may also contribute to the development of a more intense inflammatory process responsible for the severity of COVID-19

EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE Dipteryx alata Vogel EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de baru em diferentes substratos cultivados em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram obtidos por meio de diferentes proporções de terra, areia e composto orgânico, acrescido de superfosfato simples. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições de seis mudas, cada. Inicialmente foram mensurados a porcentagem de emergência, o índice de velocidade de emergência e o tempo médio de emergência. Depois foram realizadas as medições de altura das plântulas, e quantificado o número de folhas e o número de folíolos por plântulas, diâmetro do colo e massa seca das plântulas (raiz, parte aérea e total). Os substratos em misturas utilizados são melhores para a emergência das plântulas de baru do que os substratos puros. Para o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, o tratamento T1 (100 % terra) foi o que mais se destacou, pois proporcionou valores maiores em todas variáveis morfológicas de desenvolvimento. Em contrapartida, o tratamento T3 (100 % composto orgânico) deve ser evitado, pois além de resultar em baixas taxas de emergência de plântulas, propicia o menor desenvolvimento dessas em todas variáveis morfológicas em análise

Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-completicação

Powerlifting athletes have different needs for macro and micronutrients in order to meet the special needs of their workouts and competitions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of macro and micronutrients in Powerlifting athletes one week before the competition. Twenty-one athletes from the State of Paraná - Brazil, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 11.1 years, participated in that study. The dietary assessment was performed by means of a three day’s food registry. These records were completed by the athletes themselves, after prior orientation. The results show hyperproteic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidic ingestion, and inadequate intake below for vitamins C and K, Calcium, Zinc and above for vitamins B1, B6, B12 and Iron. The results of the present study indicated that the athletes' energy intake one week before the competition proved to be inappropriate compared to the total recommended energy requirement.Atletas de Powerlifting apresentam necessidades diferenciadas para macro e micronutrientes, a fim de atender as necessidades especiais de seus treinos e competições. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de Powerlifting uma semana antes da competição. Participaram da amostra 21 atletas competidores de nível estadual do Estado do Paraná - Brasil com idade média de 28,9 ± 11,1 anos. A avaliação dietética foi realizada por meio do registro alimentar de três dias. Estes registros foram preenchidos pelos próprios atletas, após prévia orientação. Os resultados demonstram ingestão hiperproteica, hipoglicídica e hipolipídica e consumo inadequado abaixo para vitaminas C e K, Cálcio, Zinco, e acima para vitaminas B1, B6, B12 e Ferro. Os resultados da presente pesquisa indicaram que a ingestão energética dos atletas, uma semana antes da competição, se mostrou inapropriada em comparação com a necessidade energética total recomendada. ABSTRACT Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-competiçãoPowerlifting athletes have different needs for macro and micronutrients in order to meet the special needs of their workouts and competitions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of macro and micronutrients in Powerlifting athletes one week before the competition. Twenty-one athletes from the State of Paraná - Brazil, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 11.1 years, participated in that study. The dietary assessment was performed by means of a three day’s food registry. These records were completed by the athletes themselves, after prior orientation. The results show hyperproteic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidic ingestion, and inadequate intake below for vitamins C and K, Calcium, Zinc and above for vitamins B1, B6, B12 and Iron. The results of the present study indicated that the athletes' energy intake one week before the competition proved to be inappropriate compared to the total recommended energy requirement

Antivenom Production against Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops erythromelas Snake Venoms Using Cross-Linked Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Immunoadjuvant

In Brazil, envenomation by snakes of the genus Bothrops is clinically relevant, particularly for the species Bothrops jararaca and B. erythromelas. The most effective treatment for envenomation by snakes is the administration of antivenoms associated with adjuvants. Novel adjuvants are required to reduce side effects and maximize the efficiency of conventional serum and vaccine formulations. The polymer chitosan has been shown to have immunoadjuvant properties, and it has been used as a platform for delivery systems. In this context, we evaluated the potential immunoadjuvant properties of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with B. jararaca and B. erythromelas venoms in the production of sera against these venoms. Stable CNPs were obtained by ionic gelation, and mice were immunized subcutaneously for 6 weeks with 100 µL of each snake venom at concentrations of 5.0 or 10.0% (w/w), encapsulated in CNPs or associated with aluminium hydroxide (AH). The evaluation of protein interactions with the CNPs revealed their ability to induce antibody levels equivalent to those of AH, even with smaller doses of antigen. In addition, the CNPs were less inflammatory due to their modified release of proteins. CNPs provide a promising approach for peptide/protein delivery from snake venom and will be useful for new vaccines

In vitro and in vivo toxicity of coal fly Ash Lechate

Coal Fly ash is a major solid waste from coal-fired power stations. In Brazil, more than 4 million tons per year of fly ash are generated and only 30% is applied as raw material for cement and concrete production. The remaining is disposed in on-site ponds, nearby abandoned or active mine sites and landfills. The inadequate disposal of fly ash may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants into the surrounding soil and groundwater. A combination of leaching tests, cytotoxicity and ecotoxicological assays were used in this studyin order toevaluate the possible adverse effects of coal fl y ash in non-target organisms. The sample was collected from coal-fi red power plant located in Southern Brazil and the coal fly ash was submitted to a leaching procedure using USEPA SW 864 Method 1311. The leachate was prepared in six dilutions: 1.56%, 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%. Acute toxicity tests were performed on NCTC clone 929 (CCIAL-020) culture cells by neutral red uptake cytotoxicity method; acute ecotoxicity usingDaphnia similisand Danio rerio embryos according to ABNT NBR 12713 and OECD 236, respectively were employed. The cytotoxicity index (CI50) obtained was 33%; the EC50of D. similis after 48 h of exposure to the leachate was 7.25% and the LC50of D. rerio after 96 h of exposure was 4.39%. The results of these bioassays indicated toxicity of the coal fly ash leachate toward exposed organisms

Pentoxifylline/Chitosan Films on Wound Healing: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation

This study aimed to develop films of chitosan (CSF) associated with pentoxifylline (PTX) for healing cutaneous wounds. These films were prepared at two concentrations, F1 (2.0 mg/mL) and F2 (4.0 mg/mL), and the interactions between the materials, structural characteristics, in vitro release, and morphometric aspects of skin wounds in vivo were evaluated. The formation of the CSF film with acetic acid modifies the polymeric structure, and the PTX demonstrates interaction with the CSF, in a semi-crystalline structure, for all concentrations. The release for all films was proportional to the concentration, with two phases: a fast one of ≤2 h and a slow one of >2 h, releasing 82.72 and 88.46% of the drug after 72 h, being governed by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The wounds of the mice demonstrate a reduction of up to 60% in the area on day 2 for F2 when compared to CSF, F1, and positive control, and this characteristic of faster healing speed for F2 continues until the ninth day with wound reduction of 85%, 82%, and 90% for CSF, F1, and F2, respectively. Therefore, the combination of CSF and PTX is effective in their formation and incorporation, demonstrating that a higher concentration of PTX accelerates skin-wound reduction

Apparent softening of wet graphene membranes on a microfluidic platfor.

Graphene is regarded as the toughest two-dimensional material (highest in-plane elastic properties) and, as a consequence, it has been employed/proposed as an ultrathin membrane in a myriad of microfluidic devices. Yet, an experimental investigation of eventual variations on the apparent elastic properties of a suspended graphene membrane in contact with air or water is still missing. In this work, the mechanical response of suspended monolayer graphene membranes on a microfluidic platform is investigated via scanning probe microscopy experiments. A high elastic modulus is measured for the membrane when the platform is filled with air, as expected. However, a significant apparent softening of graphene is observed when water fills the microfluidic system. Through molecular dynamics simulations and a phenomenological model, we associate such softening to a water-induced uncrumpling process of the suspended graphene membrane. This result may bring substantial modifications on the design and operation of microfluidic devices which exploit pressure application on graphene membranes