The Commercial and Discard Catch Rates of the Trawl Fishery in the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Levantine Sea)

DergiPark: 773435trkjnatDeniz kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği için balıkçılık yönetimi son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle balıkçılık alanları sürekli olarak izlenmelidir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan veriler İskenderun Körfezi'nde (Kuzeydoğu Levant Denizi) avlanan bir ticari trol teknesi ile toplanmıştır. Balıkçılığa bağlı veriler, 2012-2013 balıkçılık sezonunda tekne mürettebat yardımı ile kaydedilmiştir. 26 saat süren 33 trol çekimi 44 mm rombik ağ gözü boyutuna sahip torba kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Trol çekim hızı 2,5 ila 3,0 knot arasında değişmiş ve en fazla 70 dakika sürmüştür. İskenderun Körfezi’nde 39-69 m derinlik konturu incelenmiştir. 32 tür ıskarta olarak değerlendirilirken, 35 tür ticari av içinde yer almıştır. Buna karşın, toplam av CPUEW (birim zamanda elde edilen biyokütle) açısından değerlendirildiğinde %67,2’sinin ticari ava %32,8'inin ise ıskarta ait olduğu saptanmıştır. The management of fishery is significant due to the sustainability of marine resources. Therefore, the fishing areas should be constantly monitored. In this study, the fishery data were collected from the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Levantine Sea) with a rented commercial trawl vessel. The fishery-dependent data was recorded during the 2012-2013 fishing season with the help of the crew. 33 tows were achieved using a trawl net (codend diamond mesh size of 44 mm) for 26 hours. Each tow was limited with 70 min and the towing speed varied between 2.5 to 3.0 knots. The depth contour ranged from 39 to 69 m. While 32 species were evaluated as discard, 35 species were included in the landed catch. The total catch consisted of 67.2% the landed and 32.8% of the discarded fish in terms of CPUEW (catch per unit effort by weight).

Deep-Sea Biodiversity in the Aegean Sea

The present chapter aims to describe macrofauna in the Aegean deep waters. The review is based mainly on the studies of deep waters below 200 m. A total of 386 species are included on the present checklist belonging to 9 phyla. Among these species, Porifera has 9 species, Cnidaria 4, Brachiopoda 3, Bryozoa 1, Polychaeta 34, Mollusca 92, Arthropoda 86, Echinodermata 30 and Pisces 127 species

Self Names in The Mula Tau Text

Mula Tau episode as a part of the text of La Galigo, is a masterpiece of Bugis literature that has begun to be marginalized by millennials in Buloé, South Sulawesi. The uniqueness of the episode lies in the similarity of some of its parts to the dynamics of other ethnic texts in Indonesia. For example, on the role of the agent structure as the driving force of a literary work. It is these agents who with their respective roles have built a system of literary works. As the energy of a literary work, they are marked with their names according to their respective characters and roles. In simple terms, understanding the self-name can also be used as the key to understanding the storyline, it can even show the outlines of the cosmological view and the cosmogony of the Bugis autochthon. This study focuses on library research considering that the object of the study is in the form of documents. However, field research is still needed to translate and obtain a recording of the reading of the manuscript for transliteration purposes. The Mula Tau text is written in lontarak script. It's read as a literal Bugis language, so the self-name data collection begins with a translation; structuring sentence patterns, and identifying linguistic units that precede a name. Furthermore, the semantic theory used is based on referential theory. Research findings include various self-names and their meanings collected in two types of language styles, namely metaphor and metonymy. Likewise, the findings of self-names with article markers, morphemes, and unsigned ones

Cultural Dimension of Black Representation of Ammatoa Community: Study of Cultural Semiotics

One of the community groups in South Sulawesi Province, to be precise in Benteng Hamlet, Tana Toa Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency is known as the Ammatoa community. This community is unique compared to other community groups in Bulukumba Regency, which always appears in black traditional clothes. Of course, this phenomenon raises academic questions as to why the Ammatoa community always appears in traditional black clothes. In fact, apart from always appearing in black, the Ammatoa community also has a white identity color, especially in “pacaka pute” (knee-length pants). However, this paper only focuses on black representations. This paper aims to examine the hidden dimension behind the black representation of the Ammatoa community in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. To analyze the cultural dimension in question, the semiotic theory of culture is used. Data were collected by means of participatory observation and interviews. The participatory observation method is carried out by directly observing the attitudes and patterns of daily life actions of the Ammatoa community. The interview method was carried out by interviewing the customary leader and several other community members about the cultural system or cultural value that underlies the appearance of the all-black clothing. Both methods are accompanied by audiovisual recording and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively - interpretatively. The results showed that the representation of black in the traditional clothing of the Ammatoa community has a symbolic meaning: (1) human life eventually becomes 'dark'; (2) the attitude of “sabbarak” (patient) , “gattang” (firm), “lambusuk” (honest), and  “pisona” (surrender); (3) “tallasak kamase-mase ri lino” ('living unpretentiously in the world) and “kalumannyang kalupepeang allo ri boko” (rich in the afterlife), “inne lino pammari-mariangji” (this world is just a stopover), “akherak pammantang karakkang” (afterlife is an eternal place) . This concept is embedded in the oral folklore “pasang ri Kajang” 'messages (rules / norms) for the Kajang community'. In addition, there are pairs of signs of opposition (binnery opposotion), namely “pute”' (white) x “lekleng” (black / dark); “ammumba” (rising) x “sakra” (setting); “kamase-mase” (unpretentious) x “kalumannyang” (rich); “singarak” (light) x “sassang” (dark); “lino” ('world) 'x “akherak” (afterlife); “tallasak” (alive) x “mate” (dead)

Catch and discardfish species of trawl fisheries in the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean) with emphasis on lessepsian and chondricthyan species

Fish species in catch and discard of trawl fisheries in and around Iskenderun Bay were examined within the fishing closure period and fishingperiod.The sampling was performed from May 2010 to January 2011 by a commercial trawl vessel.Chondricthyan species composed 49 % of discard catch biomass whileGymnura altavela and Dasyatis pastinacawere dominant in hauls. 27 lessepsian fish species were captured during the study,nine of them beingtarget species for trawl fisheries. In total, 14 of the lessepsian fish species were determined as discard species.In both sampling periods, Equulites klunzingeriand Citharus linguatula contributed to discard fish catch dissimilarity among depth ranges (deeper and shallower than 60 m). E. klunzingerishowed high abundance in discard catch.There were no significant differences in the distribution of the discard fish biomass between the sampling periods (ANOVA test, p>0.05). However, depth range pointed out significantdifferences in discard fish catch composition (p<0.05).Among major commercial fish species of trawl fisheries, Mullus surmuletus and Sparus aurata were not separated as discard in anyhaul by fishermen. Any size of these two species  were included in commercial catch (Total length ranged from 61 to 721 mm)

Mısır (Zea mays L.) Fidelerinde YükSıcaklık stresi koşullarında fotosentetik pigmentler, antosiyanin içeriği ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerindeki değişiklikler

This study was performed in order to determine the effects of gradually increasing temperatures on maize, which belongs to the C4 plant group. 20 day old seedlings were exposed to increasing heat stress (25/20, 30/25, 35/30, 40/35, 45/40°C at 16/8 photoperiods) for 5 days. The first temperature treatment (25/20°C) was used as control. Stress injury was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoid and anthocyanin contents and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). MDA and H2O2 levels were found to significantly increase at high temperatures (35, 40, 45°C). Chlorophyll content was observed to be highest at 35°C and a decrease was determined at 40 and 45°C. Fv/Fm was found to decrease at 40 and 45°C. Carotenoid and anthocyanin contents dramatically increased under high temperature stress. In addition, significant increases were determined in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) under high temperature (45°C), while peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities showed no change. Treatments above 35°C triggered high temperature stress in maize seedlings. The results of this study showed that temperatures above 35°C lead to stress effects on photosynthesis and induced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in maize seedlings.Bu çalışmada, C4 tipi fotosentez yapan mısır bitkisinde giderek artan sıcaklığın etkilerinin çalışılması amaçlanmıştır. 20 günlük fideler 5 gün boyunca giderek artan (25/20, 30/25, 35/30, 40/35, 45/40°C 16/8 fotoperiyot) sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılmıştır. Uygulanan ilk sıcaklık (25/20°C) kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Stress hasarı, malondialdehit (MDA), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), klorofil (a ve b), karotenoid ve antosiyanin içeriği ve fotosistem II’nin maksimum kuantum verimi (Fv/Fm) ile belirlenmiştir. MDA ve H2O2 seviyelerinin yüksek sıcaklıkta (35, 40, 45°C) önemli ölçüde arttığı bulunmuştur. Klorofil içeriğinin 35°C'de en yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir ancak 35°C sıcaklık ile karşılaştırıldığında 40 ve 45°C uygulanan sıcaklıklarda klorofil içeriğinde azalma belirlenmiştir. Fv/Fm 40 ve 45°C sıcaklık uygulamasında düşüş göstermektedir. Karotenoid ve antosiyanin içeriği yüksek sıcaklık stresi altında önemli ölçüde artmaktadır. Ayrıca, yüksek sıcaklık da (45°C) superoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve glutatyon reduktaz (GR) enzim aktiviteleri belirgin bir şekilde artış gösterirken, peroksidaz (POX) ve glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktivitesinde değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Mısır fidelerinde 35°C’nin üzerinde bir sıcaklık uygulanması yüksek sıcaklık stresine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, mısır fidelerinde 35°C'nin üzerindeki sıcaklıkların fotosentez üzerinde stress etkisine yol açtığı ve enzimatik ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidan aktiviteyi teşvik ettiği ortaya konmuştu

Investigating the expression of P2 purinergic receptors in sympathetic ganglia and perivascular nerves of arteries

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that can increase the risk of several diseases including heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide, affecting up to one in every four men and one in every five women. One of the factors that play a role in hypertension progression is blood vessel innervation via perivascular sympathetic nerves. The importance of ATP released from sympathetic nerves as an extracellular signalling molecule is now well known and evidence is accumulating that ATP, and other nucleotides (ADP, UTP and UDP) play key roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathology via P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) receptors. Pre-junctional nerve terminals are equipped with a number of auto- and/or heteroreceptors, including ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. Pre-junctional purinergic receptors serve as modulation sites of neurotransmitter release via ATP and other nucleotides released by neuronal activity and pathological signals. However, very little is currently known about the expression of P2 receptors in sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves that innervate blood tissues, where they have a potential pre-junctional role in regulating neurotransmission. This project aimed to characterise the P2 receptor profiles in mouse superior cervical ganglion and perivascular nerve terminals of the superior mesenteric artery and carotid artery. In addition, we aimed to investigate the expression and function of P2 receptors in human SH-SY5Y cells and in vitro differentiated SH-SY5Y cells as a model of adrenergic sympathetic neurons. RT-PCR revealed the presence of mRNA in all P2 receptors was expressed in superior cervical ganglion. However, some receptors (P2X2, P2X3, P2X5, P2X6, P2Y1, P2Y4 and P2Y12) were expressed in the superior cervical ganglion, but not expressed in the superior mesenteric artery and carotid artery. We suggest that receptor subtypes detected in sympathetic ganglia but not arteries could be expressed by sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves that innervate arteries and could serve as auto- and/or heteroreceptors to modulate neurotransmitters release. We confirmed the expression of all P2X (with the exception of P2X5 and P2X6) and P2Y1 at the protein level by immunohistochemistry, and we found these receptors colocalised with the general marker of neurons (PGP9.5), the adrenergic sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase in superior cervical ganglion and perivascular nerves within the adventitia of the arteries. Moreover, it was determined in this project that the P2X agonist (BzATP) promoted intracellular calcium responses in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are principally mediated by P2X7 receptors. The data outlined that P2X7 receptors are functionally active in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and may be a novel and interesting drug target for modulating neurotransmission and thus may have potential therapeutic applications in vascular diseases including hypertension. Further research is required to fully investigate the physiological roles of all of the P2 receptor subtypes expressed in sympathetic ganglia and pre-junctional sympathetic nerve terminals of arteries

Pendokumentasian Cerita Rakyat Bugis Bagi Guru dan Siswa SMPN 2 Amali Kecamatan Amali Kabupaten bone

ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mempublikasikan hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berupa pendokumentasian cerita rakyat masyarakat Amali. Kegiatan tersebut bermitra dengan SMPN 2 Amali, di Kecamatan Amali Kabupaten Bone yang melibatkan para guru beserta siswa-siswinya. Kemitraan antara tim pengabdian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Departemen Sastra Daerah dengan Sekolah SMPN 2 Amali berawal dari keprihatinan Kepala Sekolah akan kelesuan pembelajaran bahasa daerah di sekolah yang dipimpinnya.Untuk menyemangati pembelajaran bahasa daerah di sekolah tersebut timmenawarkan suatu kegiatan yang melibatkan guru dan siswa untuk mendoku-mentasikan cerita rakyat yang beredar di lingkungannya dalam bahasa daerah setempat. Cerita rakyat dipilih sebagai objek dokumentasi sebab di dalamnya terkandung eksistensi, kearifan lokal, dan pranata budaya mereka yang semuanya itu bermanfaat untuk membangun jati diri sebagai manusia Bugis.            Agar dapat memperoleh hasil semaksimal mungkin maka dipilih metode pelatihan dan pendampingan yang sebelumnya telah didahului dengan observasi. Dengan metode tersebut tim berhasil memperoleh luaran yang berupa (1) rekaman audio cerita rakyat dalam bentuk CD, (2) katalog cerita rakyat Amali