Chattahoochee River Front Design: Sustaining A Lost Culture through Environmental and Social Stewardship of Native American

How vital is Native American culture in understanding the history and synergy between the social, natural, and built environments? The identity of indigenous people in North America has been stripped and forgotten over years. It is critical to promote rediscovering their ideologies through the establishment of a cultural center which features the architectural contributions of the Native Americans. This undergrade thesis focuses on the city of Atlanta, which has cultural remnants of the first inhabitants of this land. Still, it’s relevance in the community or architecture in Georgia is often overlooked. The Chattahoochee River is a natural tourist attraction, located in Metro Atlanta\u27s backyard, that is an underutilized resource with exceptional cultural and ecological importance known for its historic walking paths, but do people understand the importance of the land they walk on? The Chattahoochee’s current river condition is currently overtaken by street networks and urban sprawl, taking the attention away from the river way and the people which once inhabited its surrounding territory. The banks of the river were built up with a brush, so there isn’t much to currently be seen therefore preservation of culture in our current society is most important due to the ongoing lack of a proper historical record of the indigenous people of this land. There are a number of books and precedents exploring different architectural techniques on how to approach preserving Native American culture such as, “Native American Architecture,” a book written by Peter Nabokov an architect and Robert Easton an archeologist analyzing the Native American architecture practices and bringing awareness to the United States first architects. Creek Indians lived and populated the Chattahoochee until they were removed from their land in 1834. Much like the cultural outcome of the Creek tribe in Georgia, Canada has many sites in Ontario that the neglect of the historical relevance of pre-existing Native American cultures has damaged. Moriyama & Teshima Architects have offered rehabilitation and restoration of the area with architectural methods such as paraphrasing, biophilic design, and programming that provide knowledge on the indigenous peoples lost culture. This thesis research project aims to design a Cultural Center that addresses reestablishing the significance of the once lost culture of the Creeks. The cultural center will employ architectural design to create provocative settings that will raise much needed awareness of Native Americans\u27 identities, as well as Native indigenous construction techniques and beliefs to develop sustainable and equitable design practices while serving as a platform for cultural exchange, and social justice

A novel lice control method: photochemical treatment (Photolice)

Control of salmon lice has long been the biggest challenge for the further development of a sustainable industry. Preventive measures are expected to play an increasing role, but experience suggests that drug treatment will still be an important tool in an effective lice strategy. Today's control options are limited by unwanted environmental effects or resistance issues linked to the use of chemicals. This project has tested whether light-activated chemicals used in e.g. human cancer medicine could be an effective and environmentally friendly treatment method against salmon lice. The project consisted of three parts, which first examined the direct effect of substances on salmon lice (screening phase), after which selected substances were tested on lice-infected fish and finally on organisms from the environment around the cage. Nine different compounds were tested, where three of the tested compounds induced mortality when applied directly to salmon lice but did not induce loss of salmon lice when applied to infected fish. The tested compounds had no negative effects on fish welfare, nor did they induce mortality or change the behavior of rock-pool shrimps, which were used as an example of an organism that might be affected. We conclude that the use of photoactivated compounds may be possible to eliminate salmon lice from fish in aquaculture environments, but further studies are necessary.A novel lice control method: photochemical treatment (Photolice)publishedVersio

A Comparative Analysis of the Kraus-Weber Test and the AAHPER Test of Physical Fitness

The purpose of this study was to compare the Kraus-Weber test with the test prepared by the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. To accomplish this purpose the following techniques and procedures were employed: (1) Correlation of the total Kraus-Weber test scores and the total AAHPER test scores. (2) Correlation between the individual items of the Kraus-Weber test and the individual items of the AAHPER test. (3) Correlation between the individual items of the Kraus-Weber test and the total AAHPER test score. (4) Correlation between the individual items of the AAHPER test and the total score of the Kraus-Weber test. The author was attempting to show whether or not these two tests measure the same physical traits or different ones, and also whether there are elements in either of the two tests which are closely related to elements in the other test or to the total scores of the other test. It is hoped that this study will provide information for school administrators and physical educators who may wish to inaugurate physical education programs or testing programs, and may also aid in the selection of events or activities best suited to develop all areas of the body

as

          Pengkajian ini bertarget mengetahui permasalahan mengenai dampak kualitas produk, harga, dan kualitas pelayanan pada keputusan pembelian terhadap Aplikasi Lazada. Pengkajian ini bermetode kuantitatif. Pengkajian ini berpopulasi warga yang sudah pernah menggunakan Aplikasi Lazada untuk berbelanja dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden yang ditentukan melalui tehnik simple random sampling pada sebuah skala.                                              Guna nilai t diamati bila thitung kualitas produk (X1) sejumlah 3,821, thitung harga (X2) sejumlah 2,211, thitung kualitas pelayanan (X3) sejumlah 2,242 dari ttabel 1,98498 dengan signifikansi kualitas produk (X1) sejumlah 0,000, harga (X2) sejumlah 0,029 dan kualitas pelayanan (X3) adalah 0,027. Secara nilai di bawah 0,05 berarti dengan parsial terdapat dampak yang signifikan antar kualitas produk, harga, serta kualitas pelayanan pada keputusan pembelian di Aplikasi Lazada.             Untuk nilai fhitung diketahui sebesar 19,124 serta Ftabel sejumlah 2,70. Bila perolehan pengkalkulasian Fhitung > Ftabel ialah 19,124 > 2,70 serta probabilitas sejumlah 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolak serta Ha diterima, artinya bisa disebut bila kualitas produk, harga, serta kualitas pelayanan dengan sesama berdampak pada keputusan pembelian pelanggan.a

The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on stress, growth and the expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Lice infection success and survival were similar at the chalimus and preadult stage in the low and high dose group, but infection success and survival were significantly lower in the high than in the low dose group at the adult stage. The expression of investigated transcripts was not correlated to lice intensities, but several of them were significantly differently expressed locally in the skin at the site of lice attachment in infected fish compared to controls. This included an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers at the site of lice attachment (e.g., interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 8 and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A), a reduction of markers of adaptive immunity (cluster of differentiation 8-alpha and immunoglobulin M) and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10.publishedVersio

Effects of chitin synthesis inhibitor treatment on Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae) larvae

The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an ectoparasite infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which causes substantial problems to the salmon aquaculture and threatens wild salmon. Chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) are used to control L. salmonis in aquaculture. CSIs act by interfering with chitin formation and molting. In the present study, we investigated the action of four CSIs: diflubenzuron (DFB), hexaflumuron (HX), lufenuron (LF), and teflubenzuron (TFB) on larval molt. As the mode of action of CSIs remains unknown, we selected key enzymes in chitin metabolism and investigated if CSI treatment influenced the transcriptional level of these genes. All four CSIs interfered with the nauplius II molt to copepodids in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 values were 93.2 nM for diflubenzuron, 1.2 nM for hexaflumuron, 22.4 nM for lufenuron, and 11.7 nM for teflubenzuron. Of the investigated genes, only the transcriptional level of L. salmonis chitin synthase 1 decreased significantly in hexaflumuron and diflubenzuron-treated larvae. All the tested CSIs affected the molt of nauplius II L. salmonis larvae but at different concentrations. The larvae were most sensitive to hexaflumuron and less sensitive to diflubenzuron. None of the CSIs applied had a strong impact on the transcriptional level of chitin synthesis or chitinases genes in L. salmonis. Further research is necessary to get more knowledge of the nature of the inhibition of CSI and may require methods such as studies of protein structure and enzymological studies.publishedVersio

Comparison of Three Different Techniques of Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap in Treatment of Large Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare three different techniques of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap in the treatment of large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole. Methods: In a comparative interventional case series, 72 eyes from 72 patients with large (\u3e 400 µm) full-thickness macular hole were randomly enrolled into three different groups: group A - hemicircular ILM peel with temporally hinged inverted flap; group B - circular ILM peel with temporally hinged inverted flap; and group C - circular ILM peel with superior inverted flap. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical closure rate, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) or external limiting membrane (ELM) defects were evaluated preoperatively, at week 1, and months 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Results: There were 24 eyes in group A, 23 in group B, and 25 in group C. In all three groups, larger diameter macular hole was associated with worse preoperative visual acuity (r=0.625, P\u3c0.001). Mean BCVA improved significantly in all three groups 6 months after surgery (0.91vs 0.55, p\u3c0.001). 6 months after surgery, mean BCVA improved from 0.91 logMAR to 0.52±0.06 in group A, 0.90 to 0.53±0.06 in group B, and 0.91 to 0.55±0.11 in group C. In group A vs. B vs. C, improvement of BCVA was 0.380±0.04 vs. 0.383±0.04 vs. 0.368±0.11 logMAR, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.660). The rate of successful hole closure was 87.5% vs. 91.3% vs. 100%. Although the closure rate was 100% in Group C (circular ILM peel with superiorly hinged inverted flap), this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.115). Conclusion: ILM peel with an inverted flap is a highly effective procedure for the treatment of large, full-thickness macular hole. Different flap techniques have comparable results, indicating that the technique can be chosen based on surgeon preference

Temperature affects settlement success of ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and impacts the immune and stress response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

In this study, the effect of temperature on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stress and immune response to the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) was investigated. We found that infestation affected the expression of several immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin especially at the site of lice attachment compared to un-infested control fish. Moreover, expression patterns in the skin of infested fish suggest that host immune responses towards salmon lice are impaired at low temperatures. However, reduced lice infestation success and survival at the lowest investigated temperatures suggest that cold water temperatures are more detrimental to the lice than their fish hosts. Finally, temperature affected the stress response of the fish and infected fish had a higher increase in cortisol levels in response to handling (a stressor) than un-infested controls.publishedVersio

Chitin synthases are critical for reproduction, molting, and digestion in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

Chitin synthase (CHS) is a large transmembrane enzyme that polymerizes Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine into chitin. The genomes of insects often encode two chitin synthases, CHS1 and CHS2. Their functional roles have been investigated in several insects: CHS1 is mainly responsible for synthesizing chitin in the cuticle and CHS2 in the midgut. Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an ectoparasitic copepod on salmonid fish, which causes significant economic losses in aquaculture. In the present study, the tissue-specific localization, expression, and functional role of L. salmonis chitin synthases, LsCHS1 and LsCHS2, were investigated. The expressions of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 were found in oocytes, ovaries, intestine, and integument. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) chitin staining signals were detected in ovaries, oocytes, intestine, cuticle, and intestine in adult female L. salmonis. The functional roles of the LsCHSs were investigated using RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2. Knockdown of LsCHS1 in pre-adult I lice resulted in lethal phenotypes with cuticle deformation and deformation of ovaries and oocytes in adult lice. RNAi knockdown of LsCHS2 in adult female L. salmonis affected digestion, damaged the gut microvilli, reduced muscular tissues around the gut, and affected offspring. The results demonstrate that both LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 are important for the survival and reproduction in L. salmonis.publishedVersio

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in the ectoparasitic crustacean salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

publishedVersio