Impacts of the Covid-19 andemic on higher education students in Bahia / Impactos da pandemia do Covid-19 nos estudantes de ensino superior na Bahia

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to assess how a COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the mental health of students in higher education in Bahia and to check for the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms through a questionnaire. Students were adapted virtually to respond anonymously about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, health-related aspects and a pandemic. To assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was used. The data were trained in SPSS. In total, 1,213 students were acquired. Most altered their health behavior with worsening sleep quality, increased use of medication to sleep, decreased frequency of physical activities. Anxious and depressive symptoms were present in 66.1% and 54.4% of undergraduate and graduate students, respectively, associated with social isolation, uncertainty about the future, difficulties in family relationships, financial loss, fear of being infected and of being infected. other people and loss of a family member due to COVID - 19. In view of the evidence of psychological distress, it is necessary to develop measures so that students can adopt more positive behaviors and reduce much of the impacts left by this pandemic

A synchronous cooperative architecture for the PROSOFT software engineering environment

This paper shows the evolution of a software engineering environment (SEE) called PROSOFT to support the formal development of groupware applications. This environment, which is centered in the data-driven approach for software development, evolved to support cooperation in the software development process. Its transition is founded in a client/server communication model called Distributed PROSOFT that provides software mechanisms to permit concurrent use of the environment resources. Thus, this paper presents a formal model that provides an object middleware with synchronous handling and version support for the objects created with the software tools integrated to the environment. Cooperative PROSOFT is presented as an architecture for the formal development of groupware applications that permits the formal validation of cooperative applications specified under its paradigm. A consequence of this work is the integration of the advantages found in formal specification techniques to the groupware development that provides the development of higher quality groupware applications than those obtained with the use of traditional techniques.Ingeniería de SoftwareRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

PERCEPÇÃO DOS CUIDADORES SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE SUAS MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES DE CRIANÇAS NO DOMICÍLIO

Goal: To evaluate the perception of caregivers regarding the prevention of accidents to their children in the domestic environment. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study. Sixty people in charge of students from a municipal public school in Salvador/Bahia were interviewed. The data collection took place from December 2014 to October 2015. The perceptions of safety and domestic risks were evaluated, as well as accidents and preventive measures adopted. Results: Most of those responsible people were highly concerned about the risks of domestic children's accidents and considered extra-community environments as more prone. Although measures were taken to create protection against accidents, all children had already suffered some kind of injury. Conclusion: those responsible people knew the risks of accidents with children at home and ways to prevent it. Despite the precautions taken, accidents still occurred.Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção dos cuidadores quanto à prevenção de acidentes com seus filhos no ambiente doméstico. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal. Foram entrevistados 60 responsáveis ​​por alunos de uma escola pública municipal de Salvador / Bahia. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de dezembro de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Foram avaliadas as percepções de segurança e riscos domésticos, bem como acidentes e medidas preventivas adotadas. Resultados: A maioria dos responsáveis ​​mostrou-se bastante preocupada com os riscos de acidentes domésticos com crianças e considerou os ambientes extracomunitários os mais propensos. Embora medidas tenham sido tomadas para criar proteção contra acidentes, todas as crianças já haviam sofrido algum tipo de lesão. Conclusão: os responsáveis ​​conheciam os riscos de acidentes com crianças no domicílio e as formas de evitá-los. Apesar dos cuidados tomados, acidentes ainda ocorreram.Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de los cuidadores sobre la prevención de accidentes a sus hijos en el ámbito doméstico. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal. Se entrevistó a sesenta responsables de alumnos de una escuela pública municipal de Salvador / Bahía. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre diciembre de 2014 y octubre de 2015. Se evaluaron las percepciones de seguridad y riesgos domésticos, así como los accidentes y las medidas preventivas adoptadas. Resultados: La mayoría de los responsables estaban muy preocupados por los riesgos de accidentes de los niños domésticos y consideraban que los entornos extracomunitarios eran más propensos. Aunque se tomaron medidas para crear protección contra accidentes, todos los niños ya habían sufrido algún tipo de lesión. Conclusión: los responsables conocían los riesgos de accidentes con niños en el hogar y las formas de prevenirlos. A pesar de las precauciones tomadas, aún se produjeron accidentes

PERCEPÇÃO DOS CUIDADORES SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE SUAS MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES DE CRIANÇAS NO DOMICÍLIO

Goal: To evaluate the perception of caregivers regarding the prevention of accidents to their children in the domestic environment. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study. Sixty people in charge of students from a municipal public school in Salvador/Bahia were interviewed. The data collection took place from December 2014 to October 2015. The perceptions of safety and domestic risks were evaluated, as well as accidents and preventive measures adopted. Results: Most of those responsible people were highly concerned about the risks of domestic children's accidents and considered extra-community environments as more prone. Although measures were taken to create protection against accidents, all children had already suffered some kind of injury. Conclusion: those responsible people knew the risks of accidents with children at home and ways to prevent it. Despite the precautions taken, accidents still occurred.Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção dos cuidadores quanto à prevenção de acidentes com seus filhos no ambiente doméstico. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal. Foram entrevistados 60 responsáveis ​​por alunos de uma escola pública municipal de Salvador / Bahia. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de dezembro de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Foram avaliadas as percepções de segurança e riscos domésticos, bem como acidentes e medidas preventivas adotadas. Resultados: A maioria dos responsáveis ​​mostrou-se bastante preocupada com os riscos de acidentes domésticos com crianças e considerou os ambientes extracomunitários os mais propensos. Embora medidas tenham sido tomadas para criar proteção contra acidentes, todas as crianças já haviam sofrido algum tipo de lesão. Conclusão: os responsáveis ​​conheciam os riscos de acidentes com crianças no domicílio e as formas de evitá-los. Apesar dos cuidados tomados, acidentes ainda ocorreram.Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de los cuidadores sobre la prevención de accidentes a sus hijos en el ámbito doméstico. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal. Se entrevistó a sesenta responsables de alumnos de una escuela pública municipal de Salvador / Bahía. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre diciembre de 2014 y octubre de 2015. Se evaluaron las percepciones de seguridad y riesgos domésticos, así como los accidentes y las medidas preventivas adoptadas. Resultados: La mayoría de los responsables estaban muy preocupados por los riesgos de accidentes de los niños domésticos y consideraban que los entornos extracomunitarios eran más propensos. Aunque se tomaron medidas para crear protección contra accidentes, todos los niños ya habían sufrido algún tipo de lesión. Conclusión: los responsables conocían los riesgos de accidentes con niños en el hogar y las formas de prevenirlos. A pesar de las precauciones tomadas, aún se produjeron accidentes

Low bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women one year after gastric bypass

Introduction: nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes and severe weight loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) can promote changes in bone metabolism which may lead to a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: to investigate the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and factors associated with BMD in pre-menopausal women who underwent RYGB. Methodology: a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data of patients followed-up in a specialized center for obesity treatment. Variables studied: biochemical and anthropometric data, body composition by multifrequency bioimpedance and BMD of the lumbar spine (LS), total femur (TF) and femur neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. For statistical analysis, the SPSS® software and a 5% significance level were utilized. Results: seventy-two (72) pre-menopausal women were evaluated. Mean age, BMI and mean post-surgery time was 38.7±6.5 years, 25.8±2.5 kg/m² and 13.1±1.7 months, respectively. The prevalence of osteopenia in at least one of the densitometry sites was 13.9%, with LS being the most frequent site. A lower LS BMD was associated with greater weight loss, higher percentage of body fat before surgery and lower post-surgery serum vitamin D levels. There was a positive correlation between skeletal muscle mass index adjusted for height in the pre-surgery period and LS BMD (r=0.361; p=0.010) and TF (r=0.404; p=0.004). Conclusion: a relevant prevalence of osteopenia was detected in pre-menopausal women after RYGB, mainly in the LS

Prevalência de hipovitaminose D em obesos graves encaminhados à cirurgia bariátrica

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência da hipovitaminose D em um grupo de obesos graves encaminhados à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Foram estudados obesos atendidos por uma equipe especializada em cirurgia bariátrica, com 18 anos ou mais de ambos os sexos. Dados clínicos, antropométricos e laboratoriais foram obtidos dos prontuários dos pacientes. A 25 (OH) D plasmática foi determinada por quimioluminescência e valores ≤20 ng/mL foram considerados como hipovitaminose D. Os dados foram analisados ​​utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS) 20.0. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para apresentação das variáveis e para comparação dos três grupos foram utilizados os testes: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis e qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Foram estudados 400 pacientes, 71% do sexo feminino, com média (DP) de idade e IMC 35,6 (9,1) anos e 41,4 (5,1) kg/m², respectivamente. A vitamina D variou de 4,5 a 62,4ng/mL com média (DP) de 24,7 (7,9) ng/mL. Na amostra, 117 (29.3%) dos pacientes apresentaram hipovitaminose D. Houve correlação negativa entre 25 (OH) D e IMC (r = -0,110; p = 0,028) e paratormônio (r = -0,152; p=0,006) e correlação positiva com cálcio sérico (r=0,132; p = 0,013) e fósforo (r=0,116; p=0,027). Conclusão: Os obesos graves apresentaram alta prevalência de hipovitaminose D, mesmo vivendo em um estado ensolarado.Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objective: Estimating the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a group of severely obese subjects referred to bariatric surgery. Methods: This study evaluated severely obese patients aged ≥18 years assisted by a specialized team in bariatric surgery. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained from patient records. Plasma 25 (OH) D was determined by chemiluminescence and levels ≤ 20 ng/mL was considered as Hypovitaminosis D. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences® (SPSS) 20.0. Variables were described using descriptive statistics. For the comparison of the three groups, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson's chi-square tests were used. Spearman correlation test was performed to assess correlations between 25(OH)D and the other variables. P-values <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: The study included 400 individuals, 71% were female with the mean age (SD) and BMI (SD) of 35.6 (9.1) years and 41.4 (5.1) kg/m², respectively. The vitamin D ranged from 4.5 to 62.4 ng/mL and the mean (SD) was 24.7 (7.9) ng/mL. In this sample, 117 (29.3%) individuals had hypovitaminosis D. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and BMI (r= -0.110; p=0.028) and parathormone (r= -0.152; p=0.006) and positive correlation with serum calcium (r= 0.132; p=0.013) and phosphorus (r= 0.116; p=0.027). Conclusion: Severely obese subjects had a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D even living in a sunny state

Most patients with severe obesity has liver fibrosis even without Metabolic Syndrome/ A maioria dos pacientes com obesidade grave apresenta fibrose Hepática mesmo sem Síndrome Metabólica

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition commonly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). This association is frequently found in people with severe obesity, yet some who are diagnosed with NAFLD do not fulfill the criteria for MS. We aimed to compare the clinical and histological characteristics of NAFLD in patients with obesity with and without MS.METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥35kg/m2) diagnosed with NAFLD on liver biopsy during bariatric surgery between Sep/2014 and May/2015.  Patients with a history of chronic alcohol consumption and other liver diseases were excluded. MS diagnosis was based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and t tests. P<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The simple included 170 patients with severe obesity with histological diagnosis of NAFLD. The mean BMI (body mass index) was 43.2±5.3 kg/m2; 60% were female and the mean age was 37.1±10.7 years. Dyslipidemia (81.7%) and arterial hypertension (48.2%) were the most frequent NAFLD risk factor associated with obesity in these patients. A total of 75 of them (44.1%) did not meet the criteria for MS. They were younger than those with MS [33.8 (9.9) vs 39.7 (10.8) years; p<0.001], and 68.0% (51) of them had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis.  CONCLUSION: The results reinforce the relevance to evaluate NAFLD in people with severe obesity, even those without MS. Despite not presenting MS, these patients with severe obesity already had NASH with fibrosis and can potentially evolve to cirrhosis

A synchronous cooperative architecture for the PROSOFT software engineering environment

This paper shows the evolution of a software engineering environment (SEE) called PROSOFT to support the formal development of groupware applications. This environment, which is centered in the data-driven approach for software development, evolved to support cooperation in the software development process. Its transition is founded in a client/server communication model called Distributed PROSOFT that provides software mechanisms to permit concurrent use of the environment resources. Thus, this paper presents a formal model that provides an object middleware with synchronous handling and version support for the objects created with the software tools integrated to the environment. Cooperative PROSOFT is presented as an architecture for the formal development of groupware applications that permits the formal validation of cooperative applications specified under its paradigm. A consequence of this work is the integration of the advantages found in formal specification techniques to the groupware development that provides the development of higher quality groupware applications than those obtained with the use of traditional techniques.Ingeniería de SoftwareRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Comportamento e preferências alimentares de pacientes com obesidade encaminhados à cirurgia bariátrica

Introdução:A obesidade é um importante problema de saúde pública e está relacionada com fatores genéticos, ambientais e hábitos alimentares.Objetivo:Descrever os hábitos alimentares de pacientes obesos encaminhados a cirurgia bariátrica.Métodos:Estudo descritivocom pacientes do Núcleo de Tratamento e Cirurgia da Obesidade entre 2014 e 2016, Salvador-Bahia. Utilizou-se dados dos prontuários obtidos antes da cirurgia. As variáveis foram: dados antropométricos (índice de massa corporal), sociodemográficos e hábitos alimentares. Foram coletados dados através de um questionário auto aplicado na consulta inicial. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows® 20.0. A comparação das variáveis qualitativas foi realizada utilizando o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foram considerados significantes valores de p< 0,05. Resultados:Foram avaliados 542 pacientes, a maioria do sexo feminino, com média de idade e índice de massa corporal de 35,9 ± 9,8 anos e 41,5 ±4,9kg/m2 respectivamente. Verificou-se que adultos jovens realizavam menos o desjejum (65,1% x 75,4%; p= 0,011) e ingeriammaior volume das refeições (90,7% x 81,1%; p=0,007) comparado com os mais velhos.O turno que sentiam mais fome era a noite (58,3%), e o hábito de acordar para comer foi mais frequente nos homens do que nas mulheres (31,2% x 21,6%; p=0,029). Destacou-se que os pacientes tinham preferência por cereais e massas (62,4%), seguido de carne e ovos (58,1%). Conclusão:Foi evidenciado diferença quanto aos hábitos alimentares em relação ao sexo e idade mostrando a importância dessas informações para construção de um plano alimentar individualizado