Economic Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Planning at Taman Melati Depok Apartment

Currently, Indonesia is still using fossil fuel power plants. The high use of fossil fuels will harm the environment, therefore to reduce the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to develop renewable energy power plants, one of which is a solar photovoltaic power plant. This study discusses the economic analysis of planning a soalr photovoltaic power plant at the Taman Melati Depok Apartment which is connected to the PLN network with the PVsyst software. This PLTS plan will be built on the roof of the apartment using an area of 437 m2 with generated power of 90,400 Wp. Using solar modules with a capacity of 565 Wp as many as 160 modules. This PLTS can generate electricity per year 116600 kWh/year. The Cost of Energy (COE) for this PLTS is Rp.735.39/kWh. Economic analysis uses Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP) to determine whether this PLTS is feasible or not. Based on the calculation result, the NPV value is Rp. 608,793,939.29, while the PI value is 1.587 and the DPP value is around 12 years and 9 months, which is faster than the project age, which is 30 years. Thus the investment in the Taman Melati Apartment PLTS project is feasible to continue. &nbsp

Economic Analysis Of Waste Power Plants Based On The Economic Scale-Case Study Merah Putih Waste Power Plant

Jakarta's dense population creates problems with the high daily waste production, which reaches 7,500 tons. On the other hand, the open dumping method in the final waste treatment creates another problem in the form of greenhouse gas emissions. The regional government also issued a policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve net zero emission by 2050. The solution that then emerged for the two problems above was to convert waste into electrical energy through incineration technology. This study aims to conduct an economic analysis in the context of implementing incineration technology. The results showed that the minimum capacity for economic feasibility was 8 MW with an LCoE of IDR 2,578.32/kWh, 429 tonnes of waste per day, an IRR of 8.63%, and an NPV of IDR 115,038,835,638.12 at an investment value of IDR 505.877.074.31

Effect of interleukin-22 on immunogenicity of DNA vaccine encoding TSA gene of leishmania major in BALB/c mice

Background and purpose: Previous Research shows the use of plasmids containing genes TSA to be useful as vaccines for Leishmania major. Recently, the role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in tissue repair has been demonstrated. In this research, the effect of IL-22 on encoding TSA gene of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice was assessed

Estimation of Health Impacts and Externality Costs with the Robust Uniform World Model in the Muara Karang Generation Units

To encourage national economic growth, efforts are made to maintain electricity availability in Indonesia. Until now, the need for electrical energy in Indonesia is still supplied by fossil fuel power plants, especially Steam Power Plants and Gas Steam Power Plants. One of the negative impacts arising from electricity generation activities is air pollution. Air pollution is produced in the form of waste gases such as PM10, SO2, NO2, and these gases causes global warming and impact of human health. In this study, the magnitude of the negative impact calculated based on the impact on public health, which will then be limited to economic value (cost of externalities). Cost of externalities are conditions when the effect of the production of goods or services imposes costs or benefits on other parties, and these costs are not reflected in the price charged for the goods or services produced. The estimation of public health impacts and externality costs calculated in this study comes from power plants operating at the Muara Karang Generation Unit using Robust Uniform World Model (RUWM). The research results show that the amount of health and externality costs obtained for each power plant are different because each power plant has different operating conditions. In PLTGU Block 1, the resulting externality cost was 18,51 cents USD/kWh, PLTGU Block 2 was 3,05 cents USD/kWh, and PLTGU Block 3 was 1,75 cents USD/kWh. The two Unit of PLTU Muara Karang generate different externality costs, namely 1,52 cents USD/kWh for PLTU Unit 4 and PLTU Unit 5 of 1,10 cents USD/kWh

Expression of complete rhoptry protein 2 (ROP2) gene of Toxoplasma gondii in eukaryotic cell

Toxoplasma gondii is the intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for animal and human toxoplasmosis. In immunodeficient patients, chronic infection with T. gondii can reactivate and produceencephalitis, which is often lethal. ROP2 (rhoptry protein of T. gondii) is one of the most important interferer in organelle and PVM blending. ROP2 protein is recognized by clone T-cell (Tcc32) in humanbody and also has epitope for B-cell. All of these characteristics of ROP2 makes it a candidate for cocktail vaccine and recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis. We described the expression of thegene which encodes the complete rhoptry protein 2 (ROP2) of T. gondii in CHO cells and confirmed it by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. In the present work, genomic DNA of T. gondii was extractedand used for amplifying of ROP2 gene as a template. Then PCR product was cloned into pTZ57R/T vector, and plasmid containing ROP2 gene (pT-ROP2) was extracted from transformed bacteria andsequenced. We hope to use from this recombinant plasmid (pT-ROP2) to make DNA vaccine against toxoplasmosis

Effect of IL-22 on DNA vaccine encoding LACK gene of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice

In the present study, the effect of IL-22 together with the plasmid encoding LACK (Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C-kinase) gene of Leishmania major on the trend of leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was evaluated.Evaluation of the cellular and humoral immunity was performed by measurement of IL-4 and IFN-γ, culture of splenocytes and MTT assay, and measurement of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a in the control and immunized groups. Clinical evaluations were also carried out by measurement of the lesion size, survival rate, and body weight of mice.Comparison of the mean size of lesions in the LACK and LACK. +. IL-22 groups demonstrated that the mean size of lesions of the two groups was significantly different from week four (p<. 0.05).The survival rate at day 170 after challenge for the PBS, pcDNA3 (empty plasmid), pcLACK (pcDNA3 containing LACK gene), and pcLACK. +. IL-22 groups were 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively.According to the results of IFN-γ, IL-4, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a measurement and the MTT assay, IL-22 obviously caused an increase in IFN-γ production and a decrease in IL-4 production before and after the challenge (p<. 0.05). The results showed the effectiveness of IL-22 in DNA vaccine. It showed that IL-22 brought about Th1 cytokine responses and high survival rate of mice. © 2013 Elsevier Inc

Kebijakan Pengembangan Agribisnis Kakao Melalui Prima Tani: Kasus Kabupaten Luwu, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

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DNA vaccination with a plasmid encoding LACK-TSA fusion against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice

Vaccination would be the most important strategy for the prevention and elimination of leishmaniasis. The aim of the present study was to compare the immune responses induced following DNA vaccination with LACK (Leishmania analogue of the receptor kinase C), TSA (Thiol-specific-antioxidant) genes alone or LACK-TSA fusion against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated before and after challenge with Leishmania major (L. major). In addition, the mean lesion size was also measured from 3th week post-infection. All immunized mice showed a partial immunity characterized by higher interferon (IFN)-gamma and Immunoglobulin G (IgG2a) levels compared to control groups (p< 0.05). IFN-gamma/Interleukin (IL)-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios demonstrated the highest IFN-gamma and IgG2a levels in the group receiving LACK-TSA fusion. Mean lesion sizes reduced significantly in all immunized mice compared with control groups at 7th week post-infection (p< 0.05). In addition, there was a significant reduction in mean lesion size of LACK-TSA and TSA groups than LACK group after challenge (p< 0.05). In the present study, DNA immunization promoted Th1 immune response and confirmed the previous observations on immunogenicity of LACK and TSA antigens against CL. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that a bivalent vaccine can induce stronger immune responses and protection against infectious challenge with L. major

Partial immunity in murine by immunization with a toxoplasmic DNA vaccine

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that is causative agent of atoxoplasmosis, a disease which may result in a spectrum of consequences. Previous studies have reported that DNA vaccine can be effective in partial protection against this parasite. In this study, we constructed a single DNA vaccine containing rhoptry protein 1 (ROP1) and evaluated its immune response in Balb/c mice. We used alum as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response. After intramuscular injection, we evaluated the immune response using cytokine and antibody assay and mortality rate. The results show that mice immunized by pcROP1 with or without alum produced high Th1 immune response compared with the control groups. This kind of DNA vaccine prolonged survival time. The current study showed that ROP1 DNA vaccine could induce partial protective response against toxoplasmosis.Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, DNA, vaccine, Rhoptry protein 1 (ROP1)