Binomial multiplicative model of critical fragmentation

We report the binomial multiplicative model for low impact energy fragmentation. Impact fragmentation experiments were performed for low impact energy region, and it was found that the weighted mean mass is scaled by the pseudo control parameter multiplicity. We revealed that the power of this scaling is a non-integer (fractal) value and has a multi-scaling property. This multi-scaling can be interpreted by a binomial multiplicative (simple biased cascade) model. Although the model cannot explain the power-law of fragment-mass cumulative distribution in fully fragmented states, it can produce the multi-scaling exponents that agree with experimental results well.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, A typo in Eq.(6b) was improved in Ver.

O(a) Improvement of 2D N=(2,2) Lattice SYM Theory

We perform a tree-level O(a) improvement of two-dimensional N=(2,2) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the lattice, motivated by the fast convergence in numerical simulations. The improvement respects an exact supersymmetry Q which is needed for obtaining the correct continuum limit without a parameter fine tuning. The improved lattice action is given within a milder locality condition in which the interactions are decaying as the exponential of the distance on the lattice. We also prove that the path-integral measure is invariant under the improved Q-transformation.Comment: 42 pages, no figure; (v2) published version in Nucl. Phys.

SUSY WT identity in a lattice formulation of 2D N=(2,2)\mathcal{N}=(2,2) SYM

We address some issues relating to a supersymmetric (SUSY) Ward-Takahashi (WT) identity in Sugino's lattice formulation of two-dimensional (2D) $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ $SU(k)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM). A perturbative argument shows that the SUSY WT identity in the continuum theory is reproduced in the continuum limit without any operator renormalization/mixing and tuning of lattice parameters. As application of the lattice SUSY WT identity, we show that a prescription for the hamiltonian density in this lattice formulation, proposed by Kanamori, Sugino and Suzuki, is justified also from a perspective of an operator algebra among correctly-normalized supercurrents. We explicitly confirm the SUSY WT identity in the continuum limit to the first nontrivial order in a semi-perturbative expansion.Comment: 15 pages, uses elsart.cls, the final version to appear in Phys. Lett.

Crossover of the weighted mean fragment mass scaling in 2D brittle fragmentation

We performed vertical and horizontal sandwich 2D brittle fragmentation experiments. The weighted mean fragment mass was scaled using the multiplicity $\mu$. The scaling exponent crossed over at $\log \mu_c \simeq -1.4$. In the small $\mu (\ll\mu_c)$ regime, the binomial multiplicative (BM) model was suitable and the fragment mass distribution obeyed log-normal form. However, in the large $\mu (\gg\mu_c)$ regime, in which a clear power-law cumulative fragment mass distribution was observed, it was impossible to describe the scaling exponent using the BM model. We also found that the scaling exponent of the cumulative fragment mass distribution depended on the manner of impact (loading conditions): it was 0.5 in the vertical sandwich experiment, and approximately 1.0 in the horizontal sandwich experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Polarized XRF Spectrometer with a 40-mW X-Ray Tube

A three-dimensional polarized X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was assembled with a low-power X-ray tube of 40 milliwatts, and a sample of stainless steel was measured with an acrylic polarizer. Based on the Schr?dinger’s wave picture of Compton scattering, the dependence of the de Broglie wavelength and the scattering angle of a recoil electron on the incident X-ray energy were calculated. When the incident X-rays were scattered at an angle of 90°, the de Broglie of the recoil electron always went away at an angle of 45° with the incident X-rays and the de Broglie wavelength varied for any wavelength of the incident X-rays, i.e. we could select the scattering angle of the recoil electron to be 45°according to the incident X-ray energy and it could then be regarded as 45° Bragg diffraction that could produce highly polarized X-rays. The polarization measurement of scattered X-rays from an acrylic and lead plates substantiated that Compton scattered X-rays from the acrylic plate had higher degree of polarization than the elastically scattered X-rays from the lead plate. Highly polarized Compton scattered X-rays from the light-element polarizer led to the background reduction and the changes of the characteristic X-ray intensity in XRF spectra measured by our laboratory-made spectrometer.Трехмерный рентгеновский флуоресцентный спектрометр с поляризатором (РФА) был собран с использованием маломощной рентгеновской трубки. Размер спектрометра составлял 25 см в длину, ширина и высота по 10 см. Расстояние от рентгеновской трубки до поляризатора составляло 10 мм, между образцом и детектором ? 10 мм. Камера образцов не вакуумировалась. Образец устанавливали на дно акрилового блока. Рентгеновское излучение падало на поляризатор под углом 45? , и после отражения направлялось на образец под углом в 45? . Использовали рентгеновскую трубку с вольфрамовым анодом фирмы Moxtek (номинальная мощность 4 Вт, максимальное напряжение 50 кВ). В качестве поляризатора использовали акриловую (C5H2 O8 )n пластину площадью 80 мм2 и толщиной 30 мм. Излучение регистрировали детектором SDD (RES-Lab, Osaka) площадью 100 мм2 , толщина кремниевого кристалла составляла 450 мкм. Толщина бериллиевого окна ? 8 мкм. Холодильник Пельтье понижал температуру детектора до -30 ° С. Образец из нержавеющей стали измеряли c акриловым поляризатором. На основе волновой теории Шредингера комптоновского рассеяния рассчитана зависимость длины волны де Бройля и угла рассеяния электрона отдачи в зависимости от энергии падающего рентгеновского излучения. Измерение поляризации рассеянного рентгеновского излучения подтвердило, что некогерентно рассеянное на акриловой пластинке рентгеновское излучение имело более высокую степень поляризации, чем когерентно рассеянное рентгеновское излучение от свинцовой пластины. Высокополяризованное некогерентно рассеянное рентгеновское излучение от поляризатора из элемента с малым атомным номером привело к уменьшению фона и изменению интенсивности характеристического рентгеновского излучения в РФА спектрах, измеренных нашим лабораторным спектрометром

Effect of forced-air warming by an underbody blanket on end-of-surgery hypothermia: a propensity score-matched analysis of 5063 patients

Abstract Background Underbody blankets have recently been launched and are used by anesthesiologists for surgical patients. However, the forced-air warming effect of underbody blankets is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of forced-air warming by an underbody blanket on body temperature in anesthetized patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 5063 surgical patients. We used propensity score matching to reduce the bias caused by a lack of randomization. After propensity score matching, the change in body temperature from before to after surgery was compared between patients who used underbody blankets (Under group) and those who used other types of warming blankets (Control group). The incidence of hypothermia (i.e., body temperature < 36.0 °C at the end of surgery) was compared between the two groups. A p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results We obtained 489 propensity score-matched pairs of patients from the two groups, of whom 33 and 63 had hypothermia in the Under and Control groups, respectively (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.76, p = 0.0013). Conclusions The present study suggests that the underbody blanket may help reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia and may be more efficient in warming anesthetized patients compared with other types of warming blankets. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: UMIN000022909; retrospectively registered on June 27, 2016)

POLARIZED XRF SPECTROMETER WITH A 40-mW X-RAY TUBE

A three-dimensional polarized X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was assembled with a low-power X-ray tube of 40 milliwatts, and a sample of stainless steel was measured with an acrylic polarizer. Based on the Schrödinger’s wave picture of Compton scattering, the dependence of the de Broglie wavelength and the scattering angle of a recoil electron on the incident X-ray energy were calculated. When the incident X-rays were scattered at an angle of 90°, the de Broglie of the recoil electron always went away at an angle of 45° with the incident X-rays and the de Broglie wavelength varied for any wavelength of the incident X-rays, i.e. we could select the scattering angle of the recoil electron to be 45°according to the incident X-ray energy and it could then be regarded as 45° Bragg diffraction that could produce highly polarized X-rays. The polarization measurement of scattered X-rays from an acrylic and lead plates substantiated that Compton scattered X-rays from the acrylic plate had higher degree of polarization than the elastically scattered X-rays from the lead plate. Highly polarized Compton scattered X-rays from the light-element polarizer led to the background reduction and the changes of the characteristic X-ray intensity in XRF spectra measured by our laboratory-made spectrometer.Key words: polarized X-ray fluorescence  spectrometer, stainless steel, acrylic polarizer, Compton scattering, background.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.2.010A three-dimensional polarized X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was assembled with a low-power X-ray tube of 40 milliwatts, and a sample of stainless steel was measured with an acrylic polarizer. Based on the Schrödinger’s wave picture of Compton scattering, the dependence of the de Broglie wavelength and the scattering angle of a recoil electron on the incident X-ray energy were calculated. When the incident X-rays were scattered at an angle of 90°, the de Broglie of the recoil electron always went away at an angle of 45° with the incident X-rays and the de Broglie wavelength varied for any wavelength of the incident X-rays, i.e. we could select the scattering angle of the recoil electron to be 45°according to the incident X-ray energy and it could then be regarded as 45° Bragg diffraction that could produce highly polarized X-rays. The polarization measurement of scattered X-rays from an acrylic and lead plates substantiated that Compton scattered X-rays from the acrylic plate had higher degree of polarization than the elastically scattered X-rays from the lead plate. Highly polarized Compton scattered X-rays from the light-element polarizer led to the background reduction and the changes of the characteristic X-ray intensity in XRF spectra measured by our laboratory-made spectrometer.Key words: polarized X-ray fluorescence  spectrometer, stainless steel, acrylic polarizer, Compton scattering, background.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.2.01

Scaling of impact fragmentation near the critical point

We investigated two-dimensional brittle fragmentation with a flat impact experimentally, focusing on the low impact energy region near the fragmentation-critical point. We found that the universality class of fragmentation transition disagreed with that of percolation. However, the weighted mean mass of the fragments could be scaled using the pseudo-control parameter multiplicity. The data for highly fragmented samples included a cumulative fragment mass distribution that clearly obeyed a power-law. The exponent of this power-law was 0.5 and it was independent of sample size. The fragment mass distributions in this regime seemed to collapse into a unified scaling function using weighted mean fragment mass scaling. We also examined the behavior of higher order moments of the fragment mass distributions, and obtained multi-scaling exponents that agreed with those of the simple biased cascade model.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Supersymmetry restoration in lattice formulations of 2D N=(2,2)\mathcal{N}=(2,2) WZ model based on the Nicolai map

For lattice formulations of the two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ Wess--Zumino (2D $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ WZ) model on the basis of the Nicolai map, we show that supersymmetry (SUSY) and other symmetries are restored in the continuum limit without fine tuning, to all orders in perturbation theory. This provides a theoretical basis for use of these lattice formulations for computation of correlation functions.Comment: 12 pages, uses elsarticle.cls, the final version to appear in Phys. Lett.