catena-Poly[1-butyl-3-methyl­imidazolium [[dichlorido(methanol-κO)(propan-2-ol-κO)lanthanate(III)]-di-μ-chlorido]]

The title compound, (C8H15N2)[LaCl4(CH3OH)(C3H7OH)], consists of one 1-butyl-3-methyl­imidazolium (BMI+) cation and one hexa­hedral tetra­chlorido(methanol)(propan-2-ol)lanthanate anion. The LaIII ion is eight-coordinate, with the LaIII ion bridged by a pair of Cl atoms, so forming chains propagating along the a-axis direction. Each LaIII ion is further coordinated by two isolated Cl atoms, one methanol and one propan-2-ol mol­ecule. The coordinated methanol and propan-2-ol mol­ecules of the anion form O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds with the Cl atoms of inversion-related anions. The BMI+ cation froms C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds with the Cl atoms of the anion. The anions are located in the C faces of the triclinic unit cell, with an inversion center in the middle of the La2Cl2 ring of the polymeric chain

Neurochemical characterization of pERK-expressing spinal neurons in histamine-induced itch

Date of Acceptance: 08/07/2015 Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012CB966904, 2011CB51005), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271182, 81200692, 91232724, 81200933, 81101026), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (12ZR1434300), Key Specialty Construction Project of Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai (PWZz2013-17), Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development (ZDSY20120617112838879), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1500219072) and Sino-UK Higher Education Research Partnership for PhD Studies.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Extremely discrepant mutation spectrum of SLC26A4 between Chinese patients with isolated Mondini deformity and enlarged vestibular aqueduct

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mutations in <it>SLC26A4 </it>cause Pendred syndrome (hearing loss with goiter) or DFNB4 (non-syndromic hearing loss with inner ear malformation, such as enlarged vestibular aqueduct or Mondini deformity). The relationship between mutations in <it>SLC26A4 </it>and Mondini deformity without enlarged vestibular aqueduct has not been studied in any Chinese deaf population. The purpose of this study was to assess whether mutations in the <it>SLC26A4 </it>gene cause Mondini deformity without an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (isolated Mondini deformity) in a Chinese population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In total, 144 patients with sensorineural hearing loss were included and subjected to high-resolution temporal bone CT. Among them, 28 patients with isolated Mondini dysplasia (MD group), 50 patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct with Mondini dysplasia (EVA with MD group), 50 patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct without Mondini dysplasia (EVA group), and 16 patients with other types of inner ear malformations (IEM group) were identified. The coding exons of <it>SLC26A4 </it>were analyzed in all subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DNA sequence analysis of <it>SLC26A4 </it>was performed in all 144 patients. In the different groups, the detection rate of the <it>SLC26A4 </it>mutation differed. In the isolated MD group, only one single allelic mutation in <it>SLC26A4 </it>was found in one patient (1/28, 3.6%). In the EVA with MD group, biallelic and monoallelic <it>SLC26A4 </it>mutations were identified in 46 patients (46/50, 92.0%) and three patients (3/50, 6.0%), respectively. Also, in the EVA group, biallelic and monoallelic <it>SLC26A4 </it>mutations were identified in 46 patients (46/50, 92.0%) and three patients (3/50, 6.0%), respectively. These percentages were identical to those in the EVA plus MD group. Only two patients carried monoallelic mutations of the <it>SLC26A4 </it>gene in the IEM group (2/16, 12.5%). There were significant differences in the frequency of <it>SLC26A4 </it>mutation among the groups (P < 0.001). The detection rate of <it>SLC26A4 </it>mutation in the isolated MD group was significantly lower than in the EVA group (with or without MD; P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of <it>SLC26A4 </it>between the MD group and IEM group (P > 0.5).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although mutations in the <it>SLC26A4 </it>gene were frequently found in Chinese EVA patients with and without MD, there was no evidence to show a relationship between isolated MD and the <it>SLC26A4 </it>gene in the Chinese population examined. Hearing impairment in patients with isolated MD may be caused by factors other than mutations in the <it>SLC26A4 </it>gene.</p

Fine-grained Audible Video Description

We explore a new task for audio-visual-language modeling called fine-grained audible video description (FAVD). It aims to provide detailed textual descriptions for the given audible videos, including the appearance and spatial locations of each object, the actions of moving objects, and the sounds in videos. Existing visual-language modeling tasks often concentrate on visual cues in videos while undervaluing the language and audio modalities. On the other hand, FAVD requires not only audio-visual-language modeling skills but also paragraph-level language generation abilities. We construct the first fine-grained audible video description benchmark (FAVDBench) to facilitate this research. For each video clip, we first provide a one-sentence summary of the video, ie, the caption, followed by 4-6 sentences describing the visual details and 1-2 audio-related descriptions at the end. The descriptions are provided in both English and Chinese. We create two new metrics for this task: an EntityScore to gauge the completeness of entities in the visual descriptions, and an AudioScore to assess the audio descriptions. As a preliminary approach to this task, we propose an audio-visual-language transformer that extends existing video captioning model with an additional audio branch. We combine the masked language modeling and auto-regressive language modeling losses to optimize our model so that it can produce paragraph-level descriptions. We illustrate the efficiency of our model in audio-visual-language modeling by evaluating it against the proposed benchmark using both conventional captioning metrics and our proposed metrics. We further put our benchmark to the test in video generation models, demonstrating that employing fine-grained video descriptions can create more intricate videos than using captions.Comment: accpeted to CVPR 2023, Xuyang Shen, Dong Li and Jinxing Zhou contribute equally, code link: github.com/OpenNLPLab/FAVDBench, dataset link: www.avlbench.opennlplab.c

Mechanical, Toughness and Thermal properties of 2D Material- Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Developing epoxy composites with high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties becomes imperative in electronic and aerospace industries. This study investigates and compares the effect of adding boron nitride (BN) sheets and graphene platelets (GnPs) on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin. The study shows that incorporation of BN or GnPs into epoxy matrix significantly enhanced both mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy composites. At fractions ranging 1–4 wt%, GnPs/epoxy composites provide higher Young’s modulus, fracture toughness (K1c) and critical stress energy release rate (G1c) compared to BN/epoxy composites. The thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites is up to the maximum of 0.33 Wm 1 K 1 at 4 wt% of GnP loading, which is much higher than that of the composites filled with the same loading of BN (0.23 Wm 1 K 1 ). The study emphasizes the importance of adding thin nanosheets (thickness 3–5 nm) at low loadings in developing epoxy composites to achieve desired mechanical and thermal properties

The role of microbiota in the development and treatment of gastric cancer

The stomach was once considered a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP). With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and macrogenomics, researchers have identified fungi and fivemajor bacterial phyla within the stomachs of healthy individuals. These microbial communities exert regulatory influence over various physiological functions, including energy metabolism and immune responses. HP is a well-recognized risk factor for gastric cancer, significantly altering the stomach’s native microecology. Currently, numerous studies are centered on the mechanisms by which HP contributes to gastric cancer development, primarily involving the CagA oncoprotein. However, aside from exogenous infections such as HP and EBV, certain endogenous dysbiosis can also lead to gastric cancer through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly impact the development of gastric cancer. The role of microbial therapies, including diet, phages, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, in treating gastric cancer should not be underestimated. This review aims to study the mechanisms involved in the roles of exogenous pathogen infection and endogenous microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastric cancer. Also, we describe the application of microbiota therapy in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Featuring excellent coherence and operated parallelly, ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale-up and detect multipartite entanglement due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retro-reflected bichromatic superlattices. Here we developed a new architecture based on a cross-angle spin-dependent superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderately-separated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation. We created and verified functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement by connecting Bell pairs to one-dimensional 10-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of $2\times4$ atoms. This offers a new platform towards scalable quantum computation and simulation

Non-Thermal Emergence of an Orbital-Selective Mott Phase in FeTe1−x_{1-x}Sex_x

Electronic correlation is of fundamental importance to high temperature superconductivity. Iron-based superconductors are believed to possess moderate correlation strength, which combined with their multi-orbital nature makes them a fascinating platform for the emergence of exotic phenomena. A particularly striking form is the emergence of an orbital selective Mott phase, where the localization of a subset of orbitals leads to a drastically reconstructed Fermi surface. Here, we report spectroscopic evidence of the reorganization of the Fermi surface from FeSe to FeTe as Se is substituted by Te. We uncover a particularly transparent way to visualize the localization of the $d_{xy}$ electron orbital through the suppression of its hybridization with the more coherent $d$ electron orbitals, which leads to a redistribution of the orbital-dependent spectral weight near the Fermi level. These noteworthy features of the Fermi surface are accompanied by a divergent behavior of a band renormalization in the $d_{xy}$ orbital. All of our observations are further supported by our theoretical calculations to be salient spectroscopic signatures of such a non-thermal evolution from a strongly correlated metallic phase towards an orbital-selective Mott phase in FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ as Se concentration is reduced.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure