Statistical review of Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19 : an open-label, randomized, controlled trial

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperati Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran SMKN 1 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran SMKN 1 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Kuantitatif dengan dengan populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran yang berjumlah 43 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan observasi, kuesioner (angket), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistic deskriptif dan analisis statistic inferensial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran Kooperatif di SMKN 1 Mandalle tergolong kategori cukup baik, yang meliputi pencapaian hasil belajar, penerimaan terhadap keragaman, pengembangan ketrampilan sosial. Hasil belajar siswa kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran SMKN 1 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep tergolong dalam kategori cukup baik ditinjau dari nilai rapor siswa. Selanjutnya terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif pada mata pelajaran mengaplikasikan ketrampilan dasar komunikasi 2 terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X Administrasi perkantoran SMKN 1 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep. Tingkat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif pada mata pelajaran mengaplikasikan ketrampilan dasar komunikasi 2 terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran SMKN 1 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep tergolong sedang. Hal ini berarti siswa antara lain ditentukan oleh penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif dan sebaliknya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya

Statistical review of Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19 : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

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Environmental and developmental determinants of obesity in Cebu, Philippines

Obesity is now recognized as a serious challenge to global public health. Obesity is often viewed as a problem that results from a deficiency in a person's character; that obesity is the consequence of gluttony and sloth. However, obesity is impacted by a variety of factors that are largely exogenous to human choices. We investigated both how shared environment and individual level socio-economic status influence obesity risk, as well as how prenatal characteristics can increase human susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of modern environments before we are even born. Analyses were conducted using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a community based study of a one year birth cohort (1983) followed up until young adulthood (2005). Using the spatial scan statistic we found that measures of overweight and obesity were spatially clustered in the study area Metro Cebu. The locations of these clusters coincided with the urban core of Cebu, but also extended into peri-urban and rural areas as well. Clustering in the males was largely explained by the spatial distribution of individual level socio-economic status. We then used multivariable linear models to explore the joint impact of community level urbanicity and multiple indicators of individual level socio-economic status on multiple measures of overweight and obesity. We found that socioeconomic status was positively associated with obesity in males but not females. Lastly, we tested the mismatch hypothesis, which generally posits that maternal constraint of fetal growth can lead to developmental changes in utero that increase an individual's susceptibility to obesogenic environments. More specifically, we found that that the positive association between socio-economic status and central adiposity in male study participants was amplified in firstborns. This research helps fill an important gap in understanding how socio-environmental conditions can influence obesity in a lower-income, rapidly developing context. We also provide one of the earliest explicit tests of the mismatch hypothesis with respect to birth order. The public health consequences of these associations could become critical as obesogenic environments become more common, and the proportion of lower order pregnancies among humans increases

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depressive symptoms; and to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) moderates these. METHOD: We analysed baseline data from the Mitchelstown (Ireland) 2010-2011 cohort of 2047 men and women aged 50-69 years. Self-reported measures included ACEs (Centre for Disease Control ACE questionnaire), PSS (Oslo Social Support Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). The primary exposure was self-report of at least one ACE. We also investigated the effects of ACE exposure by ACE scores and ACE subtypes abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Associations between each of these exposures and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. We tested whether the estimated associations varied across levels of PSS (poor, moderate and strong). RESULTS: 23.7% of participants reported at least one ACE (95% CI 21.9% to 25.6%). ACE exposures (overall, subtype or ACE scores) were associated with a higher odds of depressive symptoms, but only among individuals with poor PSS. Exposure to any ACE (vs none) was associated with almost three times the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.64 to 4.95) among individuals reporting poor PSS, while among those reporting moderate and strong PSS, the adjusted ORs were 2.21 (95% CI 1.52 to 3.22) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.29), respectively. This pattern of results was similar when exposures were based on ACE subtype and ACE scores, though the interaction was clearly strongest among those reporting abuse. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are common among older adults in Ireland and are associated with higher odds of later-life depressive symptoms, particularly among those with poor PSS. Interventions that enhance social support, or possibly perceptions of social support, may help reduce the burden of depression in older populations with ACE exposure, particularly in those reporting abuse

Does lower birth order amplify the association between high socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult Filipino males?

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that lower birth order amplifies the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult males from a lower-income, developing country context.DesignThe Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey is an ongoing community-based, observational study of a one year birth cohort (1983).Subjects970 young adult males, mean age 21.5 y (2005).MeasurementsCentral adiposity measured by waist circumference; birth order; perinatal maternal characteristics including height, arm fat area, age, and smoking behavior; socioeconomic status at birth and in young adulthood.ResultsLower birth order was associated with higher waist circumference and increased odds of high waist circumference, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status in young adulthood, and maternal characteristics that could impact later offspring adiposity. Furthermore, the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity was amplified in individuals characterized by lower birth order.ConclusionsThis research has failed to reject the mismatch hypothesis, which posits that maternal constraint of fetal growth acts to program developing physiology in a manner that increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of modern environments

PERANAN KOMUNITAS INTELIJEN DAERAH DALAM PERMASALAHAN PERSEBARAN JEMAAH AHMADIYAH INDONESIA DI KOTA SUKABUMI

The role of Kominda as eyes and earsin carry out early warning and early detection to threat, interference, resistance and challange in the region isvery existance necessery. That case do aseffort to keep stability region so that the threat, interference, resistance and challange  appears  may  pressed  since  early  by  the  certain  sequence  and  methode.  The existance of Jemaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia in area of Sukabumi city is considered astray by the religious Majelis Ulama Indonesia number : 11/MUNAS VII/MUI/15/2005 and another rule release by the side of Indonesian government related banned of Jemaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia dispersion there are SKB 3 Menteri Tahun 2008 No. Kep : 033/JA/6/2008 about command and warming to the member or followers Jemaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia become one case of attention bye the Sukabumi citys government. Passed of Kominda as one of region government instrument effortssome early handling prosses for burst of problem both for happened or will be happen as a form anticipation and prediction, but the prosses have constrain from the facilities and basic facilities which used by Intelligent who moved in the ground. However that case unaffect the quality of performance of Kominda

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

The rapid urbanization of the developing world has important consequences for human health. Although several authorities have called for better research on the relationships between urbanicity and health, most researchers still use a poor measurement of urbanicity, the urban-rural dichotomy. Our goal was to construct a scale of urbanicity using community level data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We used established scale development methods to validate the new measure and tested its performance against the dichotomy. The new scale illustrated misclassification by the urban-rural dichotomy, and was able to detect differences in urbanicity, both between communities and across time, that were not apparent before. Furthermore, using a continuous measure of urbanicity allowed for better illustrations of the relationships between urbanicity and health. The new scale is a better measure of urbanicity than the traditionally used urban-rural dichotomy

Positive lifestyle changes around the time of pregnancy:a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of positive lifestyle behaviours before and during pregnancy in Ireland. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Population-based study in Ireland. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 718 women of predominantly Caucasian origin from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Ireland, were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Positive lifestyle behaviour changes before and during pregnancy in Ireland on alcohol consumption, smoking, folate use and nutrition. RESULTS: Of 1212 women surveyed, 718 (59%) responded. 26% were adherent to all three recommendations on alcohol consumption, smoking and folate use before pregnancy. This increased to 39% for the same three behaviours during pregnancy, with greater increases in adherence observed among women with the lowest adherence before pregnancy. Age, education and ethnicity gaps in adherence before pregnancy appeared to narrow during pregnancy. Adherence to all seven food pyramid guidelines was less than 1% overall, and less than 1% of participants met all four micronutrient guidelines on vitamin D, folate, calcium and iron intake around the time of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of healthy lifestyle behaviours before pregnancy and low levels of positive lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy demonstrate an urgent need for increased clinical and public health efforts to target deleterious health behaviours before, during and after pregnancy

Challenges in modelling the random structure correctly in growth mixture models and the impact this has on model mixtures

Lifecourse trajectories of clinical or anthropological attributes are useful for identifying how our early-life experiences influence later-life morbidity and mortality. Researchers often use growth mixture models (GMMs) to estimate such phenomena. It is common to place constrains on the random part of the GMM to improve parsimony or to aid convergence, but this can lead to an autoregressive structure that distorts the nature of the mixtures and subsequent model interpretation. This is especially true if changes in the outcome within individuals are gradual compared with the magnitude of differences between individuals. This is not widely appreciated, nor is its impact well understood. Using repeat measures of body mass index (BMI) for 1528 US adolescents, we estimated GMMs that required variance-covariance constraints to attain convergence. We contrasted constrained models with and without an autocorrelation structure to assess the impact this had on the ideal number of latent classes, their size and composition. We also contrasted model options using simulations. When the GMM variance-covariance structure was constrained, a within-class autocorrelation structure emerged. When not modelled explicitly, this led to poorer model fit and models that differed substantially in the ideal number of latent classes, as well as class size and composition. Failure to carefully consider the random structure of data within a GMM framework may lead to erroneous model inferences, especially for outcomes with greater within-person than between-person homogeneity, such as BMI. It is crucial to reflect on the underlying data generation processes when building such models