Preferência para oviposição de Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) por genótipos de feijão-caupi.

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) é considerado a principal praga do feijão-caupi armazenado, reduzindo o peso e a qualidade dos grãos, bem como o poder germinativo das sementes. A utilização de resistência genética ao ataque desse inseto tem sido alvo de investigação, especialmente no que diz respeito à identificação de fontes de resistência. Neste screening objetivou-se avaliar a preferência para oviposição do caruncho C. maculatus por 50 genótipos de caupi, em teste sem chance de escolha. O ensaio foi conduzido no Laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos da FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu-SP, utilizando-se de uma B.O.D. (T= 25±2 ºC; UR= 60±10 % e fotofase= 12 h) num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, efetuando-se cinco repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por 10 g de grãos de cada genótipo, as quais foram infestadas com cinco insetos adultos do caruncho (com até 48 h de idade) por um período de sete dias. A partir do décimo quinto dia da infestação dos grãos foi realizada a contagem do número de ovos viáveis e inviáveis com auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. Com relação às médias de ovos presentes nos grãos, foi possível separar os genótipos em três grupos distintos: 11 genótipos mais ovipositados, destacando-se o BRS-Paraguaçu (177,8 ovos); 38 intermediários e o genótipo IT 85 F-2687 (24,8 ovos), que revelou a menor média de posturas, indicando a ocorrência de não-preferência para oviposição

A comparative study on histopathological features of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from broiler chicken with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection

Avian colibacillosis is a high-prevalence chicken farm disease caused by avian pathogen-ic Escherichia coli (APEC). It is necessary to identify and look up to the bacterial activity to stave off a decline in chicken performance. This study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenetic activity of APEC within broiler chickens on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum histopathology comparison. The samples were collected from a total of 40 broilers, obtained from a highest-colibacillosis historical chicken house, identified with bacterial isolation swab-technique, and analyzed with nonparametric statistical lesions scoring. The identification result showed 82.5% E. coli with a 62.5% APEC con-firmed. The histopathological feature showed a significant difference (p<0.05), where the jejunum ap-peared to encounter the most significant damage compared to the duodenum and ileum. Thus, it is con-cluded that APEC field infection varies in characteristics and pathogenicity, which affects intestinal organs based on the histology changes, mainly in the jejunum part of the intestine

Understanding the UK hospital supply chain in an era of patient choice

Author Posting © Westburn Publishers Ltd, 2011. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copy-edit version of an article which has been published in its definitive form in the Journal of Marketing Management, and has been posted by permission of Westburn Publishers Ltd for personal use, not for redistribution. The article was published in Journal of Marketing Management, 27(3-4), 401 - 423, doi:10.1080/0267257X.2011.547084 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2011.547084The purpose of this paper is to investigate the UK hospital supply chain in light of recent government policy reform where patients will have, inter alia, greater choice of hospital for elective surgery. Subsequently, the hospital system should become far more competitive with supply chains having to react to these changes as patient demand becomes less predictable. Using a qualitative case study methodology, hospital managers are interviewed on a range of issues. Views on the development of the hospital supply chain in different phases are derived, and are used to develop a map of the current hospital chain. The findings show hospital managers anticipating some significant changes to the hospital supply chain and its workings as Patient Choice expands. The research also maps the various aspects of the hospital supply chain as it moves through different operational phases and highlights underlying challenges and complexities. The hospital supply chain, as discussed and mapped in this research, is original work given there are no examples in the literature that provide holistic representations of hospital activity. At the end, specific recommendations are provided that will be of interest to service to managers, researchers, and policymakers

Historic genetic structuring and paraphyly within the Great-tailed Grackle

The Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) and Boat-tailed Grackle (Q. major) are sister species that have expanded their ranges during historical times. This expansion has created an area of sympatry between these species in Texas and Louisiana, and between distinctive Great-tailed Grackle subspecies in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We investigated the evolutionary histories of both species using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and modern phylogenetic methods. Our results reveal genetic structure within Great-tailed, but not Boat-tailed Grackles. Great-tailed Grackles are separated into two clades, but range expansion in the north has led to secondary contact between them. Boat-tailed Grackles are monophyletic and are embedded within the Great-tailed Grackle assemblage, rendering the latter paraphyletic. These results reveal a complex phylogeographic pattern caused by recent range expansion and secondary contact of once allopatric units

Exercise and global well-being in community-dwelling adults with fibromyalgia: a systematic review with meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exercise has been recommended for improving global-well being in adults with fibromyalgia. However, no meta-analysis has determined the effects of exercise on global well-being using a single instrument and when analyzed separately according to intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. The purpose of this study was to fill that gap.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Studies were derived from six electronic sources, cross-referencing from retrieved studies and expert review. Dual selection of randomized controlled exercise training studies published between January 1, 1980 and January 1, 2008 and in which global well-being was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were included. Dual abstraction of data for study, subject and exercise program characteristics as well as assessment of changes in global well-being using the total score from the FIQ was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane bias assessment tool. Random-effects models and Hedge's standardized effect size (<it>g</it>) were used to pool results according to per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 1,025 studies screened, 7 representing 5 per-protocol and 5 intention-to-treat outcomes in 473 (280 exercise, 193 control) primarily female (99%) participants 18-73 years of age were included. Small, statistically significant improvements in global well-being were observed for per-protocol (<it>g </it>and 95% confidence interval, -0.39, -0.69 to -0.08) and intention-to-treat (-0.34, -0.53 to -0.14) analyses. No statistically significant within-group heterogeneity was found (per-protocol, Q_w= 6.04, <it>p </it>= 0.20, <it>I</it>²= 33.8%; intention-to-treat, Q_w= 3.19, <it>p </it>= 0.53, <it>I</it>²= 0%) and no between-group differences for per-protocol and intention-to-treat outcomes were observed (Q_b= 0.07, <it>p </it>= 0.80). Changes were equivalent to improvements of 8.2% for per-protocol analyses and 7.3% for intention-to-treat analyses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that exercise improves global well-being in community-dwelling women with fibromyalgia. However, additional research on this topic is needed, including research in men as well as optimal exercise programs for improving global well-being in adults.</p

De Novo Truncating Mutations in WASF1 Cause Intellectual Disability with Seizures.

Next-generation sequencing has been invaluable in the elucidation of the genetic etiology of many subtypes of intellectual disability in recent years. Here, using exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing, we identified three de novo truncating mutations in WAS protein family member 1 (WASF1) in five unrelated individuals with moderate to profound intellectual disability with autistic features and seizures. WASF1, also known as WAVE1, is part of the WAVE complex and acts as a mediator between Rac-GTPase and actin to induce actin polymerization. The three mutations connected by Matchmaker Exchange were c.1516C>T (p.Arg506Ter), which occurs in three unrelated individuals, c.1558C>T (p.Gln520Ter), and c.1482delinsGCCAGG (p.Ile494MetfsTer23). All three variants are predicted to partially or fully disrupt the C-terminal actin-binding WCA domain. Functional studies using fibroblast cells from two affected individuals with the c.1516C>T mutation showed a truncated WASF1 and a defect in actin remodeling. This study provides evidence that de novo heterozygous mutations in WASF1 cause a rare form of intellectual disability