Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Of Overtrained Mice After Recovery

knowing the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation and based on the fact that downhill running-based overtraining (OT) model increases hypothalamus levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, we verified the effects of three OT protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser734), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2alpha (Ser52), ATF-6 and GRP-94 proteins in the mouse hypothalamus after two weeks of recovery. Methods: the mice were randomized into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After 2-week total recovery period (i.e., week 10), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. Results: The OTR/down group exhibited high levels of BiP and ATF6. The other OT protocols showed higher levels of pPERK (Th981) and pelf-2alpha (Ser52) when compared with the CT group. Conclusion: The current results suggest that after a 2-week total recovery period, the overtrained groups increased partially their ER stress protein levels, but without hypothalamic inflammation, which characterizes a physiological condition related to an adaptation mechanism.2

Accelerated aging as vigor test for sunn hemp seeds

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the most appropriate method to assess the sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L.) seed vigor in the accelerated aging test. Five seed lots from harvest 2007/2008 were evaluated for germination, vigor and seedling emergence in the field. Accelerated aging test was performed at 41°C during 48, 72 and 96 hours, with and without sodium chloride saturated solution. Then, the promising procedure was also performed for 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 harvests. In the traditional accelerated aging test, the no-uniform water acquisition by the seeds adversely affected results. Accelerated aging test with sodium chloride saturated solution is the most appropriate method to evaluate the physiological potential of sunn hemp seeds, and the combination of 41°C and 96 hours is efficient for separating of seed lots in different vigor levels

Serum and plasma hormonal concentrations are sensitive to periods of intensity and volume of soccer training

Objectifs Évaluer les effets d’un programme d’entraînement de 12 semaines sur les concentrations hormonales et la performance physiologique des joueurs de football. Sujets et méthodes Dix-huit sujets ont été évalués au commencement (T1), au milieu (T2) et à la fin (T3) de la saison. Leur sang a été recueilli pour l’analyse du cortisol, testostérone, rapport testostérone/cortisol, épinéphrine et norépinéphrine. Les paramètres anaérobie lactique/alactique et le seuil anaérobie ont été utilisés comme mesures de performance physiologique. Résultats Tandis que les niveaux de cortisol étaient plus élevés en T2 et T3 comparés à ceux de T1 (p ≤ 0,05), les valeurs de testostérone et les rapports testostérone/cortisol étaient significativement moins élevés en T2 et T3 comparés à ceux de T1 (p ≤ 0,05). Les concentrations de norépinéphrine ont augmenté de T1 à T2 et T3 (p ≤ 0,05). En plus, alors qu’il y a eu une baisse significative des paramètres de la performance anaérobie alactique en T2 et T3 comparés à ceux de T1 (p ≤ 0,05), le seuil anaérobie s’est élevé en T2 et T3 comparé à T1 (p ≤ 0,05). En résumé, nous avons constaté que les niveaux de NE peuvent être utilisés comme marqueurs des variations de volume et intensité d’entraînement. En plus, les altérations dans les niveaux d’hormones sélectionnés dans cette étude n’ont pas été associées à des réponses négatives des performances physiologiques.Mots clés Cortisol; Testostérone; Testostérone/cortisol rapport; Catécholamines; Football

Aerobic And Anaerobic Performances In Tethered Swimming

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the critical force (CritF) and anaerobic impulse capacity (AIC) - estimated by tethered swimming - reflect the aerobic and anaerobic performance of swimmers. 12 swimmers performed incremental test in tethered swimming to determine lactate anaerobic threshold (AnTLAC), maximal oxygen uptake (̇VO2MAX) and force associated with the ̇VO2MAX (i ̇VO2MAX). The swimmers performed 4 exhaustive (tlim) exercise bouts (100, 110, 120 and 130% i ̇VO2MAX) to compute the CritF and AIC (F vs. 1/tlim model); a 30-s all-out tethered swimming bout to determine their anaerobic fitness (ANF); 100, 200, and 400-m time-trials to determine the swimming performance. CritF (57.09±11.77 N) did not differ from AnTLAC (53.96±11.52 N, (P>0.05) but was significantly lower than i ̇VO2MAX (71.02±8.36 N). In addition, CritF presented significant correlation with AnTLAC (r=0.76; P<0.05) and i ̇VO2MAX (r=0.74; P<0.05). On the other hand, AIC (286.19±54.91 N.s) and ANF (116.10±13.66 N) were significantly correlated (r=0.81, p<0.05). In addition, CritF and AIC presented significant correlations with all time-trials. In summary, this study demonstrates that CritF and AIC can be used to evaluate AnTLAC and ANF and to predict 100, 200, and 400-m free swimming. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . 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