Les perceptions des infirmières et des étudiantes infirmières à l’égard des personnes vivant avec l’obésité : un protocole de revue de la portée

Introduction: There is significant and pervasive weight bias, weight stigma, and weight-based discrimination everywhere today, even in healthcare settings. Studies have shown that health care professionals (HCPs) hold negative perceptions toward people living with obesity (PLO), which results in heightened health risks for patients. Nurses play a central role in health promotion and the health management of PLO. Thus, identifying nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO within healthcare practice or educational contexts is paramount to consider further exploratory and intervention studies. Objective: We aim to review and map nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO from available literature. Method: A search of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO (OVID) will be conducted to identify relevant studies in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, or Italian on nurses' and nursing students' weight bias. The period covered will be from January 1, 2005, onward, including those available up until our scheduled search in January 2024. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening, study selection, and data extraction. Data will be charted according to the study design, the research setting, years and regions of publication, concepts, and use of theoretical models. The results will be summarized and reported, identifying implications for nursing research and practice. Discussion and Research Spin-offs: This scoping review will inform nursing research and facilitate the development of educational and clinical tools aimed at preventing and reducing weight bias among nurses to promote nursing and interdisciplinary care that upholds principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion.Introduction : Les préjugés, la stigmatisation et la discrimination à l’égard du poids sont omniprésents, même dans les établissements de santé. Des études ont montré que les professionnels de la santé ont des perceptions négatives envers les personnes vivant avec l’obésité (PVO), ce qui augmente les risques pour leur santé. Les infirmières jouent un rôle central dans la promotion de la santé et la prise en charge des PVO. Il est ainsi impératif d’identifier les perceptions des infirmières et des étudiantes infirmières concernant les PVO dans les contextes académiques et de la pratique clinique avant d’entreprendre d’autres études exploratoires ou d’intervention. Objectif : Examiner et cartographier les perceptions des infirmières et des étudiantes infirmières à l’égard des PVO à partir de la littérature disponible. Méthode : Une recherche dans MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost) et PsycINFO (OVID) sera effectuée pour identifier les études sur les perceptions des infirmières et des étudiantes infirmières à l’égard des PVO publiées depuis le 1er janvier 2005, jusqu’au moment de la recherche, qui est prévue en janvier 2024. La sélection, le tri et l’extraction des données seront effectués par deux chercheuses indépendantes. Les données seront classées selon la méthodologie, le contexte de recherche, la répartition dans le temps, la région de publication, les concepts et l’utilisation de modèles théoriques. Les résultats seront résumés et présentés de manière à identifier les implications pour la recherche et la pratique infirmières. Discussion et retombées anticipées : Cette revue permettra d’éclairer la recherche en sciences infirmières et de faciliter le développement d’outils pédagogiques et cliniques visant à prévenir et à réduire les préjugés liés au poids chez les infirmières, afin de promouvoir des soins infirmiers et interdisciplinaires qui respectent les principes d’équité, de diversité et d’inclusion

Le castor Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 en France. Étude archéozoologique

International audienceThis contribution draws up a first inventory of the discoveries of remains of beaver in archaeological contexts and characterizes the place as well as the role of this animal in societies, since the end of the Prehistory until the medieval period. This work establishes a first synthesis on the subject in the French metropolitan territory and rests on an analysis of the representation of the species and its anatomical parts as well as of the anthropical marks observed on bones. It also draws on a study of textual sources for the relevant periods.Cette contribution dresse un premier état des lieux des découvertes de restes de castor en contexte archéologique et caractérise la place et le rôle de cet animal dans les sociétés, depuis la fin de la Préhistoire jusqu’à la période médiévale. Ce travail constitue une première synthèse sur le sujet en France métropolitaine et repose essentiellement sur une analyse de la représentation de l’espèce et de ses parties anatomiques ainsi que des traces anthropiques observées sur les ossements. Il s’appuie également sur une étude des sources textuelles pour les périodes concernées

Diversité des cheptels et diversification des morphotypes bovins dans le tiers nord-ouest des Gaules entre la fin de l’âge du Fer et la période romaine

International audienceIt is assumed that in the Roman West we see the development of taller and more robust domestic animals than during Iron Age but great uncertainties remain concerning the process that led to these transformations. This paper is a contribution to a better understanding of these modifications. From a large bone assemblage (about 12,000 pieces, that is to say more than 50,000 measurements) taken from 85 towns in Belgium and in the third north-western France, an osteometric research has been conducted on one species (essentially based on the Log Size Index method): cattle. Results highlighted new features in the characteristics of Celtic and Roman herds. The first one shows the heterogeneity of the indigenous livestock with strong variations according to geographical areas. Some civitates have herds of high stature animals while others raised smaller ones. The other information lies in the diversity of the dynamics of appearance and diffusion of large bovids. Each territory acted differently to these transformations, according to its degree of assimilation, resources at its disposal, soil quality or agrarian culture, showing distinct evolutions in the size of the animals as in their morphology.S'il est admis que, dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire, la période romaine est le théâtre du développement d'animaux domestiques plus grands et plus robustes qu'à l'époque gauloise, de fortes incertitudes persistent quant aux processus ayant amené les changements observés. Cet article se propose donc de contribuer à mieux les comprendre. À partir d'un important corpus d'os (près de 12 000 pièces, soit plus de 50 000 mesures), tiré de 85 communes de Belgique et du tiers nord-ouest de la France, un travail ostéométrique (basé essentiellement sur la méthode du Log Size Index) a été mené sur une espèce : le boeuf. Les résultats mettent en lumière des aspects inédits des caractéristiques des troupeaux gaulois et romains. Le premier enseignement de cette étude est la mise en évidence de l'hétérogénéité du cheptel indigène qui présente de fortes variations selon les zones géographiques. Certaines cités présentent des troupeaux constitués d'animaux de hautes statures, tandis que d'autres utilisent des bêtes plus petites. L'autre information réside dans la diversité des dynamiques d'apparition et de diffusion des grands bovins. Chaque territoire, selon son degré d'assimilation des nouvelles techniques, selon les ressources disponibles, la qualité de son sol, ou sa culture agraire, a réagi de manière différente à ces transformations, révélant des évolutions distinctes tant du point de vue de la taille des bêtes que de leur morphologie

Assessment of the genetic diversity of the Tunisian citrus rootstock germplasm

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Citrus represents a substantial income for farmers in the Mediterranean Basin. However, the Mediterranean citrus industry faces increasing biotic and abiotic constraints. Therefore the breeding and selection of new rootstocks are now of the utmost importance. In Tunisia, in addition to sour orange, the most widespread traditional rootstock of the Mediterranean area, other citrus rootstocks and well adapted to local environmental conditions, are traditionally used and should be important genetic resources for breeding. To characterize the diversity of Tunisian citrus rootstocks, two hundred and one local accessions belonging to four facultative apomictic species (<it>C. aurantium</it>, sour orange; <it>C. sinensis</it>, orange; <it>C. limon</it>, lemon; and <it>C. aurantifolia</it>, lime) were collected and genotyped using 20 nuclear SSR markers and four indel mitochondrial markers. Multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) were compared to references from French and Spanish collections.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The differentiation of the four varietal groups was well-marked. The groups displayed a relatively high allelic diversity, primarily due to very high heterozygosity. Sixteen distinct MLGs were identified. Ten of these were noted in sour oranges. However, the majority of the analysed sour orange accessions corresponded with only two MLGs, differentiated by a single allele, likely due to a mutation. The most frequent MLG is shared with the reference sour oranges. No polymorphism was found within the sweet orange group. Two MLGs, differentiated by a single locus, were noted in lemon. The predominant MLG was shared with the reference lemons. Limes were represented by three genotypes. Two corresponded to the 'Mexican lime' and 'limonette de Marrakech' references. The MLG of 'Chiiri' lime was unique.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Tunisian citrus rootstock genetic diversity is predominantly due to high heterozygosity and differentiation between the four varietal groups. The phenotypic diversity within the varietal groups has resulted from multiple introductions, somatic mutations and rare sexual recombination events. Finally, this diversity study enabled the identification of a core sample of accessions for further physiological and agronomical evaluations. These core accessions will be integrated into citrus rootstock breeding programs for the Mediterranean Basin.</p

MiRNA Genes Constitute New Targets for Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer

Mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers (CRC) display widespread instability at DNA microsatellite sequences (MSI). Although MSI has been reported to commonly occur at coding repeats, leading to alterations in the function of a number of genes encoding cancer-related proteins, nothing is known about the putative impact of this process on non-coding microRNAs. In miRbase V15, we identified very few human microRNA genes with mono- or di-nucleotide repeats (n = 27). A mutational analysis of these sequences in a large series of MSI CRC cell lines and primary tumors underscored instability in 15 of the 24 microRNA genes successfully studied at variable frequencies ranging from 2.5% to 100%. Following a maximum likelihood statistical method, microRNA genes were separated into two groups that differed significantly in their mutation frequencies and in their tendency to represent mutations that may or may not be under selective pressures during MSI tumoral progression. The first group included 21 genes that displayed no or few mutations in CRC. The second group contained three genes, i.e., hsa-mir-1273c, hsa-mir-1303 and hsa-mir-567, with frequent (≥80%) and sometimes bi-allelic mutations in MSI tumors. For the only one expressed in colonic tissues, hsa-mir-1303, no direct link was found between the presence or not of mono- or bi-allelic alterations and the levels of mature miR expression in MSI cell lines, as determined by sequencing and quantitative PCR respectively. Overall, our results provide evidence that DNA repeats contained in human miRNA genes are relatively rare and preserved from mutations due to MSI in MMR-deficient cancer cells. Functional studies are now required to conclude whether mutated miRNAs, and especially the miR-1303, might have a role in MSI tumorigenesis

Projections from the Dorsomedial Division of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to Hypothalamic Nuclei in the Mouse

Acknowledgments: All the authors contributed to perform the experiments. SC designed the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. MB, JAG, DB and PYR edited the manuscript. This work was supported by the Region Franche-Comté, France (PYR), by The Francis Crick Institute (DB), by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167934/1) and the Novartis Foundation for medical-biological research (19B145) (SC) The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD