Estratégias de comercialização do feijão no Rio Grande do Sul.

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Competitive ability of canola hybrids resistant and susceptible to herbicides.

ABSTRACT - This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip. Keywords: Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L., interference, competitiveness. RESUMO - Este trabalho objetivou comparar a habilidade competitiva de híbridos de canola, suscetível (convencional) ou com resistência aos herbicidas do grupo das triazinas ou das imidazolinonas, com o nabo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados os híbridos Hyola 571CL (resistente a imidazolinonas), Hyola 555TT (resistente a triazinas) e Hyola 61 (convencional). Os tratamentos consistiram de proporções (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) de plantas de canola e do nabo. A avaliação foi realizada aos 44 dias após a emergência, determinando-se a área foliar (AF), matéria seca de parte aérea (MSPA) e estatura (EST) de plantas. A análise da competitividade foi feita por meio de diagramas e interpretação dos índices de competitividade. Para os híbridos de canola, a competição ocorreu pelos mesmos recursos do meio. Houve prejuízo ao crescimento da cultura em competição com o nabo. O nabo somente não foi beneficiado quando em competição com o híbrido Hyola 571CL, para a variável EST, e com a canola convencional, para a variável AF. Houve significância para os índices de competitividade, demonstrando que o nabo é mais competitivo que a cultura. Maior AF, MSPA e EST ocorreu para plantas de canola nas menores proporções de nabo e, para plantas de nabo, nas maiores proporções de canola. A habilidade em competir com o nabo é semelhante entre os híbridos, havendo prejuízo à cultura e benefício à planta daninha, quando em competição. A competição interespecífica é mais prejudicial para os híbridos de canola, e a competição intraespecífica, para o nabo. Palavras-chave: Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L., interferência, competitividade

Indicações de uso e boas práticas de manejo da tecnologia Clearfield em canola para as regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste.

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Soroprevalência do parvovírus humano B19 em população de subúrbio no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG ao parvovírus humano B19. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em uma comunidade de subúrbio de São Paulo, Brasil, de novembro 1990 a janeiro de 1991. Amostras aleatórias (N=435) e representativas de soro foram coletadas de crianças sadias a partir de 15 dias de idade e de adultos com até 40 anos. Os anticorpos IgG ao parvovírus humano B19 foram detectados pelo teste ELISA. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anticorpos IgG ao parvovírus B19 foi de 87% dos recém-nascidos. A prevalência de anticorpos IgG de origem materna decaiu exponencialmente até o 19o mês de idade. Baixa prevalência de anticorpos foi observada nos primeiros quatro anos de vida, aumentando até 72% no grupo etário de 31-40 anos. A idade média de aquisição da primeira infecção nesta comunidade é de 21 ± 7 anos. A idade ótima para se vacinar as crianças desta comunidade com uma vacina hipotética é de um ano de idade. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anticorpos IgG ao parvovírus B19 foi alta entre recém-nascidos e no grupo etário 31-40 anos. A análise por estrutura etária mostrou padrão similar aos estudos prévios relacionados à baixa prevalência de infecção em crianças que aumenta com a idade.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to human parvovirus B19. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a suburban community in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1990 and January 1991. Randomly selected (N=435) representative samples of sera were collected from healthy children older than 15 days old and adults up to 40 years old. IgG antibodies were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: High prevalence of IgG antibodies to B19 parvovirus was found in 87% of newborns. The prevalence of maternally derived IgG antibodies exponentially plunged up to the 19th month of age. Low prevalence of antibodies was found in the first 4 years of life, increasing up to 72% in those aged 31-40 years. It was estimated that the average age of first infection in this population is 21 ± 7 years old and the optimal age for vaccination with a hypothetical vaccine would be 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus B19 IgG antibody prevalence was high in newborns and those aged 31-40 years. The analysis by age groups showed a pattern similar to that found in previous studies, i.e., low prevalence of infection in children that increases with age

Cultura alimentar associada às plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC): uso e preparo por agricultores familiares agroecológicos ou em transição agroambiental.

A fim de resgatar e valorizar o conhecimento sobre a agrobiodiversidade que integra os espaços rurais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as formas de uso e preparo de plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) conhecidas e/ou utilizadas por agricultores familiares agroecológicos ou em transição agroambiental, no sul do Brasil. Foram selecionadas 14 famílias no município de São Lourenço do Sul, RS, e realizadas entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro semiestruturado. Após a análise dos dados, foram estabelecidas categorias para os modos de uso e preparo das PANC. Foi constatado um amplo conhecimento, destacando-se o consumo in natura, seguido do processamento em geleia e schmier (doce em pasta). Muitas espécies ainda são subutilizadas, porém, a gradativa valorização das PANC, especialmente pelo público consumidor e pesquisadores, tem resultado em crescente interesse por parte dos (as) agricultores (as) para consumo e comércio nas feiras livres.Edição dos Anais do XI Congresso Brasileiro de Agroecologia, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 2019. Ecologia de Saberes: Ciência, Cultura e Arte na Democratização dos Sistemas Agroalimentares

The Pharmacological Effect Of Bothrops Neuwiedii Pauloensis (jararaca-pintada) Snake Venom On Avian Neuromuscular Transmission.

The neuromuscular effects of Bothrops neuwiedii pauloensis (jararaca-pintada) venom were studied on isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparations. Venom concentrations of 5-50 micro g/ml produced an initial inhibition and a secondary increase of indirectly evoked twitches followed by a progressive concentration-dependent and irreversible neuromuscular blockade. At venom concentrations of 1-20 micro g/ml, the responses to 13.4 mM KCl were inhibited whereas those to 110 micro M acetylcholine alone and cumulative concentrations of 1 micro M to 10 mM were unaffected. At venom concentrations higher than 50 micro g/ml, there was pronounced muscle contracture with inhibition of the responses to acetylcholine, KCl and direct stimulation. At 20-24 degrees C, the venom (50 g/ml) produced only partial neuromuscular blockade (30.7 +/- 8.0%, N = 3) after 120 min and the initial inhibition and the secondary increase of the twitch responses caused by the venom were prolonged and pronounced and the response to KCl was unchanged. These results indicate that B.n. pauloensis venom is neurotoxic, acting primarily at presynaptic sites, and that enzyme activity may be involved in this pharmacological action.36617-2

Isolated specific IgA against respiratory viruses, Influenza or SARS-CoV-2, present in the saliva of a fraction of healthy and asymptomatic volunteers

Objectives: Defense against respiratory viruses depends on an immune response present in the mucosa, as saliva IgA secretes antibodies. During the pandemic, such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2, most infected patients are asymptomatic but retain specific antibodies post-infection. The authors evaluated IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in the saliva of asymptomatic volunteers, validated with controls or vaccinated individuals. Methods: The authors detected specific antibodies by validated conventional ELISA using natural SARS-CoV-2 antigens from infected Vero cells or capture-ELISA for influenza using natural antigens of the influenza vaccine. Results: Saliva from influenza-vaccinated individuals had more IgA than paired serum, contrary to the findings for specific IgG. In COVID-19-vaccinated samples, specific IgA in saliva increased after vaccination, but IgG levels were high after the first dose. In saliva from the asymptomatic population (226), anti-Influenza IgG was found in 57.5% (130) of samples, higher than IgA, found in 35% (79) of samples. IgA results were similar for SARS-CoV-2, with IgA present in 30% (68) of samples, while IgG was less present, in 44.2% (100) of samples. The proportion of influenza IgG responders was higher than that for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but both populations presented similar proportions of IgA responders, possibly due to variable memory B cell survival. For both viruses, the authors found an important proportion (> 10%) of IgA+IgG- samples, suggesting the occurrence of humoral immunity directed to the mucosa. Conclusion: Specific antibodies for respiratory viruses in saliva are found in either infection or vaccination and are a convenient and sensitive diagnostic tool for host immune response

Recurrent De Novo NAHR Reciprocal Duplications in the ATAD3 Gene Cluster Cause a Neurogenetic Trait with Perturbed Cholesterol and Mitochondrial Metabolism.

Recent studies have identified both recessive and dominant forms of mitochondrial disease that result from ATAD3A variants. The recessive form includes subjects with biallelic deletions mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination. We report five unrelated neonates with a lethal metabolic disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, corneal opacities, encephalopathy, hypotonia, and seizures in whom a monoallelic reciprocal duplication at the ATAD3 locus was identified. Analysis of the breakpoint junction fragment indicated that these 67 kb heterozygous duplications were likely mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination at regions of high sequence identity in ATAD3A exon 11 and ATAD3C exon 7. At the recombinant junction, the duplication allele produces a fusion gene derived from ATAD3A and ATAD3C, the protein product of which lacks key functional residues. Analysis of fibroblasts derived from two affected individuals shows that the fusion gene product is expressed and stable. These cells display perturbed cholesterol and mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that observed for individuals with severe ATAD3A deficiency. We hypothesize that the fusion protein acts through a dominant-negative mechanism to cause this fatal mitochondrial disorder. Our data delineate a molecular diagnosis for this disorder, extend the clinical spectrum associated with structural variation at the ATAD3 locus, and identify a third mutational mechanism for ATAD3 gene cluster variants. These results further affirm structural variant mutagenesis mechanisms in sporadic disease traits, emphasize the importance of copy number analysis in molecular genomic diagnosis, and highlight some of the challenges of detecting and interpreting clinically relevant rare gene rearrangements from next-generation sequencing data

Estimating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars as a function of air temperature.

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