L’habitat léger : émergence de modes d’habiter innovants ?

En France et dans les pays développés, le (re)développement récent des habitats non ordinaires fait émerger des formes alternatives d’habitats. En opposition au modèle traditionnel sédentaire de construction en dur, l’habitat léger constitue l’une de ces formes. Il est porteur de modes d’habiter spécifiques. Souvent stigmatisés par les populations et les acteurs publics comme un habitat subi et précaire, les habitats légers sont pourtant choisis et valorisés par certains de leurs habitants. A travers les résidences démontables constituant l’habitat permanent de leurs occupants, la loi ALUR (26 mars 2014) apporte une reconnaissance officielle à ces habitats. Elle valorise ainsi des modes d’habiter alternatifs potentiellement porteurs d’innovations. Mais cette loi implique également des conflits, notamment dans le traitement de l’existant. Il s’agit alors d’interroger les innovations juridiques, techniques et sociales de ce mode d’habiter singulier lié à l’habitat léger, et d’en comprendre l’articulation avec les territoires et le contexte juridique récemment renouvelé

Residential mobility of middle-class and popular sectors: the city of Buenos Aires as an arrival destination

El artículo reflexiona acerca de los patrones de movilidad residencial de individuos y hogares de sectores populares y medios que residen en dos zonas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires configuradas en torno a patrones disimiles de segregación. La movilidad residencial es un lente privilegiado para evidenciar de qué modo la experiencia de la clase es producida y reproducida en los modos de habitar. Mediante un abordaje cualitativo y biográfico hemos analizado las especificidades que presentan las movilidades residenciales de los diferentes sectores sociales. Se identifican patrones en tres dimensiones de la movilidad residencial: su espacialidad, los arreglos residenciales que los hogares despliegan y las motivaciones que guían sus desplazamientos. Los hallazgos presentados dan cuenta de los efectos que produce la posición en la estructura social sobre la movilidad residencial, así como su interacción con la propia estructuración del espacio.The article reconstructs residential mobility patterns of individuals and households from popular and middle-class sectors residing in two areas of the city of Buenos Aires, configured around dissimilar segregation patterns. Residential mobility is a powerful lens to show how the social class experience is produced and reproduced in modes of dwelling. Through a qualitative and biographical approach, we analyzed the specificities presented by residential mobilities of different social sectors. We identified patterns in the three dimensions of residential mobility: spatiality, the residential arrangements that households employ, and the motivations that guide their movements. The findings show the effects that the position in the social structure has on residential mobility, as well as its interaction with the spatial structure itself.publishedVersionFil: Cosacov, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina.Fil: Di Virgilio, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación Gino Germani; Argentina.Fil: Najman, Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Di Virgilio, María Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Najman, Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación Gino Germani; Argentina

Mapping of the Disease Locus and Identification of ADAMTS10 As a Candidate Gene in a Canine Model of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with elevated intraocular pressure as an important risk factor. Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork causes elevated intraocular pressure, but the specific mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we used genome-wide SNP arrays to map the disease gene in a colony of Beagle dogs with inherited POAG to within a single 4 Mb locus on canine chromosome 20. The Beagle POAG locus is syntenic to a previously mapped human quantitative trait locus for intraocular pressure on human chromosome 19. Sequence capture and next-generation sequencing of the entire canine POAG locus revealed a total of 2,692 SNPs segregating with disease. Of the disease-segregating SNPs, 54 were within exons, 8 of which result in amino acid substitutions. The strongest candidate variant causes a glycine to arginine substitution in a highly conserved region of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS10. Western blotting revealed ADAMTS10 protein is preferentially expressed in the trabecular meshwork, supporting an effect of the variant specific to aqueous humor outflow. The Gly661Arg variant in ADAMTS10 found in the POAG Beagles suggests that altered processing of extracellular matrix and/or defects in microfibril structure or function may be involved in raising intraocular pressure, offering specific biochemical targets for future research and treatment strategies

Renal malformations associated with mutations of developmental genes: messages from the clinic

Renal tract malformations (RTMs) account for about 40% of children with end-stage renal failure. RTMs can be caused by mutations of genes normally active in the developing kidney and lower renal tract. Moreover, some RTMs occur in the context of multi-organ malformation syndromes. For these reasons, and because genetic testing is becoming more widely available, pediatric nephrologists should work closely with clinical geneticists to make genetic diagnoses in children with RTMs, followed by appropriate family counseling. Here we highlight families with renal cysts and diabetes, renal coloboma and Fraser syndromes, and a child with microdeletion of chromosome 19q who had a rare combination of malformations. Such diagnoses provide families with often long-sought answers to the question “why was our child born with kidney disease”. Precise genetic diagnoses will also help to define cohorts of children with RTMs for long-term clinical outcome studies

The Biochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Subunit Assembly Mechanism of AMPA Receptors

The AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that play crucial roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Our knowledge about the ultrastructure and subunit assembly mechanisms of intact AMPA-Rs was very limited. However, the new studies using single particle EM and X-ray crystallography are revealing important insights. For example, the tetrameric crystal structure of the GluA2cryst construct provided the atomic view of the intact receptor. In addition, the single particle EM structures of the subunit assembly intermediates revealed the conformational requirement for the dimer-to-tetramer transition during the maturation of AMPA-Rs. These new data in the field provide new models and interpretations. In the brain, the native AMPA-R complexes contain auxiliary subunits that influence subunit assembly, gating, and trafficking of the AMPA-Rs. Understanding the mechanisms of the auxiliary subunits will become increasingly important to precisely describe the function of AMPA-Rs in the brain. The AMPA-R proteomics studies continuously reveal a previously unexpected degree of molecular heterogeneity of the complex. Because the AMPA-Rs are important drug targets for treating various neurological and psychiatric diseases, it is likely that these new native complexes will require detailed mechanistic analysis in the future. The current ultrastructural data on the receptors and the receptor-expressing stable cell lines that were developed during the course of these studies are useful resources for high throughput drug screening and further drug designing. Moreover, we are getting closer to understanding the precise mechanisms of AMPA-R-mediated synaptic plasticity

Contribution à l'étude de la matière organique des sols sableux des Landes de Gascogne

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